
■ 




■ 

4*8 ■ ■ 















^^^H 



E 




Class K Gr I c , \ 
Boole _^) g, 
CojyrightN 3 

C0PHRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



yy 







(^?\0 \Qit44^t^^fc2^, 







LECTURES 



PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS 



LIFE, HYGIENE, 



A GENERAL OUTLINE OF DISEASES PECULIAR TO FEMALES, 
EMBRACING A REVIEWAL OF THF RIGHTS AND WRONGS 
OF WOMEN, AND A TREATISE ON DISEASES IN GEN- 
ERAL, WITH EXPLICIT DIRECTIONS HOW TO 
NURSE, NOURISH AND ADMINISTER 
REMEDIES TO THE SICK. 



WITH SEVENTY-SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS. 



By H. S. CUNNINGHAM, C. M., M. D., 

Member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province 
of Quebec, Canada. 



First Edition 



,' ,6 .1832 



INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA : 

GEORGE F. BORST&CO., Publishers, 

440 South Meridian Street. 

1882. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by 
H. S. CUNNINGHAM, C. M., M. D., 

AND 

GEORGE F. BORST, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



CARLON & HOLLENBECK, - ELECTROTYPED BY 

PRINTERS AND BINDERS, KETCHUM'& WANAMAKER, 

INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANAPOLIS. IND. 



(2) 



'i 



TO 



Caeeie Faiefield Cunningham, 

THIS VOLUME 
IS 
AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED. . 



(iii) 



L 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Abdomen, Dropsy of 404 

Abortion 284 

Abscesses 402 

Absorbents 145 

Aching of the Muscles 414 

Acidity of the Stomach 402 

Acne 402 

Acute Diseases 337 

Addison's Disease 372 

Ague 341, 402 

Alcoholism 403 

Alimentary Canal 167 

Amenorrhea 254, 403 

Anamiia 372, 403 

Anchylosis 381 

Angeioleucitis 370 

Angina Pectoris 403 

Angular Curvature 378 

Animation, Suspended, at 

Birth 421 

Ani, Prolapsus 311 

Anthelmintics 404 

Anthrax 375,407 

Anti-emetic Remedies... 294, 421 

Anus, Fissure of 311 

Aphasia 334 

Aphonia , 291 

Aphtha? 289,404 

Apoplexy 326,404 

Areolar Hyperplasia 251 

Arrowroot Blanc Mange 424 

Arteries, Plugging up of 371 

Arterites 359 

Ascites 404 

Asthma 293, 404 

Barley Soup 424 

Barrenness 404 

Beef Essence 423 

Beef Tea 423 

Bed Sores 404 

Bee Stings 405 



PAGE. 

Biliousness 405 

BilioiH F 
I 

424 

joioodlessness 372, 403 

Blood, Circulation of 130 

Blood, Poisoning of 371 

Blues 414 

Boils 405 

Bones, Diseases of 405 

Bowed Legs 381 

Bowed Legs, Appliance for... 381 

Bowels, Inflammation of 301 

Brain, Diseases of 405 

Brain, Dropsy of 322 

Brain, Inflammation of 320 

Brain, Softening of 322 

Breast, Inflammation of 405 

Breath, Foul 406 

Bright's Disease 317, 406 

Bronchitis 292, 406 

Bronchocele 373, 406 

Bruises 409 

Bubo 406 

Burns 406 

Calculi 319,407 

Cancer 386, 407 

Canker 407 

Cankery Taste 407 

Carbuncle 375, 407 

Catalepsy 328 

Catarrh/ 176, 407 

Catarrh, Uterine 245, 249 

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis... 346 

Chancre 366, 408 

Change of Life 408 

Chaps .♦. 408 



(v) 



VI 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Chest, Pains in 408 

Chicken-pox 3(50 

Chicken Panada 424 

Chilblains 408 

Children, Health, Dress and 

Management of 124 

Chills and Fever 341 

Chills, -Congestive 345 

Cholera 355,408 

Cholera Infantum 306 

Cholera Morbus 305 

Choleric Diarrhoea 408 

Chlorosis 256, 408 

Chorea 330, 408 

Circulation of the Blood 130 

Club Foot Appliance 383 

Coccyodynia 269 

Colic 305, 408 

Coma 409 

Congestion of the Bladder ...317 
Congestion of the Kidneys. ..317 

Congestive Chills 345 

Congestive Fever 345 

Conjunctivitis of the Eyes 409 

Constipation 409 

Consumption, Tubercular 188 

Convulsions 329, 409 

Coryza 176, 409 

Cough 409 

Cough, Whooping 337, 422 

Coup-de-Soleil 322 

Croup 299,409 

Croup, Spasmodic 413 

Curvature, Angular 378 

Curvature, Lateral 379 

Cystitis 312, 409 

Dandruff. 410 

Deafness 410 

Debility 410 

Deformities, Instruments for.378 

Delirium Tremens 410 

Delivery, Prevention of 280 

Despondency 410 

Diabetes 309 

Diarrhoea 309, 410 

Diarrhoea, Choleric 408 

Dietary.. 423 

Digestion 145 

Diphtheria 338, 410 

Diseases of Women 226 

Dislocations 385 



PAGE. 

Displacements of the Womb. 261 

Douche, Universal 185 

Dress of Children 124 

Drink in Fever 423 

Dropsy 336, 410 

Dropsy of the Abdomen 404 

Dropsy of the Brain 322 

Dypsomania 403 

Dysentery 313, 410 

Dysmenorrhea 257 

Dyspepsia 151 

Dysuria. 324 

Ears 142 

Ear Douche, Sexton's 143 

Ears, Diseases of 410 

Egg-nogg 424 

Egg Brandy 424 

El bow^ Stiff. 381 

Embolism 371 

Endo-Metritis, Acute 245 

Endo-Metritis, Cervical 246 

Endo-Metritis, Corporeal 250 

Endo-Metritis, Chronic 249 

Encephalitis, Scrofulous 321 

Enlarged Glands 411 

Enteritis • 301 

Enurises 320 

Epilepsy 327 

Eruptive Diseases of the 

Vulva 271 

Erysipelas 354, 411 

Excessive Lactation. 413 

Exostosis. • 415 

Eyes 137,138,139 

Eyes, Conjunctivitis of 409 

Fainting 411 

Falling of the Rectum 311 

Felon 377 

Female Form 275 

Female Pelvis 231 

Fever 341,411 

Fever, Bilious 345 

Fever, Congestive 345 

Fever, Hay. 176,409 

Fever, Intermittent 341 

Fever, Lung 286, 417 

Fever, Malarial 341 

Fever, Pernicious 345 

Fever, Puerperal .218, 419 

Fever, Relapsing 363 



TABLE OF CONTEXTS. 



VI 1 



PAGE. 

Fever, Remittent 345 

Fever, Scarlet ...339, 419 

Fever, Spotted 346 

Fever, Typhoid 350 

Fever, Typho-Malarial 361 

Fever, Typhus 348 

Fever, Yellow , 362 

Fissure of the Anus 311 

Fistula, Vesico-Vaginal 269 

Foetus 274 

Flatulence 411 

Flour Caudle 425 

Follicular Vulvitis 272 

Foot, Club 383 

Formulary 391 

(F.l) ~ 392 

(F. 2) to (F. 4) 393 

(F. 5) to (F7.) 394 

(F. 8) to (F. 14) 395 

(F. 15) to (F. 25). 396 

(F. 26) to (F. 36) 397 

(F. 37) to (F. 44) 398 

(F. 45) to (F. 52) 399 

(F. 53) to (F. 60) 400 

(F. 61) to (F. 66) 401 

Fractures 385 

Gastritis- 297 

General Diseases 286 

Glands, Enlarged 411 

Goitre Bronchocele 373, 406 

Gonorrhoea 368 

Gout 359, 411 

Gravel 319 

Green Sickness 256, 408 

Hematocele of the Pudenda. 270 

Hay Fever 409 

Headache 412 

Headache, Bilious 405 

Headache. Sick ..405 

Health of Children 124 

Heart 132 

Heart, Base of 135 

Heart Diseases. 218 

Hemorrhage, Any Kind. 335, 412 

Hemorrhoids 310, 416 

Hernia 390 

Herpes 412 

Hipjoint Disease 379 

Hipjoint Disease, Appliance.380 
Hoarseness 412 



PAGE. 

Home 83 

Hydrocephalus 322 

Hydrophobia 331 

Hygiene 7 

Hygiene, Mental 51 

Hyperplasia, Areolar 251 

Hysteria...; 332, 412 

Impaired Nutrition 415 

Impotency 412 

Incontinence of Urine. ....320, 412 

Indigestion 151 

Inflammation of the Brain. ..320 : 
Inflammation of the Breast...405 : 
Inflammation of the Bowels.. 301 
Inflammation of the Labia. ..271 
Inflammation of the Mouth..289 
Inflammation of the Spinal 

Marrow 322 

Inflammation of the Vulvo- 
vaginal Gland ....271 

Insomnia , 324 

Intercostal Neuralgia 301 

Intermittent Fever 341 

Irish Moss 425 

Irritation, Spinal ....322, 421 

Ischuria 324r 

Itch 275, 41& 

Kidneys, Congestion of 317 

Knee, Stiff. 381 

Knock-knee 382: 

Knock-knee Appliance 383 

Labia, Inflammation of 271 

Lactation, Excessive 413- 

Lacteals and Lymphatics...... 147 

Laryngitis 298 

Laryngismus Stridulus. 413 

Lateral Curvature 379 

Lateral Curvature Brace 379 

Laws of Life 7 

Legs, Bowed. 381 

Leucocythaemia 373 

Leucorrhoea 242 

Lice ,.,. ...413 

Life, Change of 408 

Life, Laws of 7 

Liver Complaint , 314 

Lockjaw 331 

Loss of Voice 291 

Lumbago. 41$ 



Vlll 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Lump on a Bone 415 

Lungs. 284 

Lungs, Bronchial Tubes and 

Blood Vessels of 189 

Lung Fever 286 

Lupus 413 

Lymphatic Temperament 56 

Malaria 413 

Malarial Fever 341 

Male Form 275 

Management of Children 124 

Mania, Acute ,413 

Marrow, Inflammation of the 

Spinal 322 

Marrow, Softening of the 

Spinal 322 

Measles 414 

Melancholy.. 414 

Melasma Supra-Eenalis 372 

Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal... 346 

Meningitis, Tubercular 321 

Menorrhagia 254 

Mental Hygiene 51 

Mental Temperament. 55 

Metrorrhagia .....254 

Micturition 414 

Micturition, Painful 414 

Milk Porridge 424 

Milk Punch 423 

Morbus Coxarius 379 

Mother's Mark 414 

Motive Temperament 53 

Mouth, Diseases of 289, 414 

Muscles, Aching of 414 

Mutton Broth 424 

Myelitis 322 

Naevus 414 

Nail, Ingrowing 376 

Neck, Wry 380 

Nerve, Pneumogastric.-.160, 162 
Nephritis, Acute, Chronic. ...317 

Neuralgia 333, 414 

Neuralgia, Facial 333 

Neuralgia, Intermittent 333 

Neuralgia, Intercostal 301 

Night Terrors 325 

Nodus 415 

Nose, Diseases of. 415 

Nutrition, Impaired 415 

Nymphomania 415 



PAGE, 

Oatmeal Pudding 425 

Obesity. 415 

Obstetrics 274 

Onyxis 376 

Ophthalmia 415 

Orthopaedic Surgery 378 

Ovaritis 268 

Ozsena 182, 415 

Pacinian Corpuscles 17 

Pains in Chest 408 

Parents, Advice to 106 

Paronvchia 377, 415 

Paralysis 327, 405 

Pedicula 413 

Pelvis, Female 231 

Peritonitis 303, 416 

Pernicious Fever 345 

Perspiration 416 

Pertussis 337, 422 

Pharyngitis 290 

Phrenology. 63 

Phrenological Organs 64 

Phthisis Pulmonalis 188 

Piles 310, 416 

Pityriasis 416 

Pleurisy.. 288, 416 

Pleuritis 288,416 

Pleurodynia 300, 416 

Pneumonia 286, 417 

Poisoning of Blood 371 

Poisoning Generally 417 

Poisoning by any of the Acids 417 

Poisoning by Alcohol 417 

Poisoning by Alkalies 417 

Poisoning by Antimony 417 

Poisoning by Arsenic 417 

Poisoning by Belladonna 418 

Poisoning by Chloral 418 

Poisoning by Lead .....418 

Poisoning by Mercury 418 

Poisoning by Nitrate of Sil- 
ver 418 

Poisoning by Opium or Mor- 
phine 418 

Poisoning by Oxalic Acid. ..418 

Poisoning by Phosphorus 418 

Poisoning by Strychnia 418 

Polypus Preventing Delivery280 

Pott's Disease, Appliance 378 

Pox, Chicken 360 

Pox, Small 337 



TABLE OF CONTEXTS. 



IX 



PAGE. 

Presentation, Ascertaining of .276 

Presentation, Face 279 

Presentation, Vertex 277 

Prolapsus Ani 311 

Pruritus 419 

Pruritus of the Vulva 270 

Psoriasis 419 

Pudenda, Hematocele of 270 

Puerperal Fever 281, 419 

Putrid Sore Throat 338 

Psychology 75 

Pyaemia 371 

Quinsy 289 

Rachitis 376 

Ramollissement 322 

Rectum, Falling of 311 

Relapsing Fever 363 

Remittent Fever 345 

Retention of Urine 324 

Rheumatism 357, 419 

Rice with Fruit 425 

Rickets 376 

Ringworm 421 

Rupture 390 

Salivation 419 

Scabies ....413 

Scarlatina 339, 419 

Scarlet Fever 339, 419 

Sciatica 420 

Scorbutis 360 

Scrofula . 376 

Scrofulous, Encephalitis 321 

Scurvy 420 

SeaSickness 420 

Serpents, Bites of 405 

Sexual Desire, Excessive 420 

Ship Fever 348 

Sick Headache 405, 420 

Sickness, Green 256, 408 

Skeleton 5 

Skin 16 

Skin Diseases 374 

Sleeplessness 324, 420 

Small-Pox 337 

Softening of the Brain 322 

Softening of the Spinal Mar- 
row 322 

Somnambulism 420 

Sores 420 



PAGE. 

Sores, Bed 404 

Soul, Science of 75 

Sour Stomach 402 

Spasmodic Croup 413 

Spermatozoa 242 

Spermatorrhoea 370, 420 

Spinal Irritation 322, 421 

Spirometer, Tobold's. 285 

Spotted Fever 346 

Sprains 421 

Sph vgmogr aph , Pond's 221 

Sphvgmograph Tracings.222, 223 

St. Anthony's Dance 330 

Stiff Knee or Elbow Appli- 
ances. 382 

Stiff Knee or Elbow. 381 

Stomach, Inflammation of.. .-297 

Stomach, Sour 402 

Stomach, Ulcer of 295 

Stomatitis 289 

Stone in the Bladder 407 

St. Vitus' Dance 330 

Sunstroke 322 

Sun Pain 333 

Surgery, Orthopaedic ..378 

Summer Complaint 306 

Syphilis . 364,421 

Syringe, Fountain 244 

Syringe, Indispensable Cup...243 
Syringe, Utero- Vaginal 245 

Tapeworm 172,421 

Teeth, Sound :....242 

Teeth, Syphilitic 241, 366 

Temperaments 51 

Temperament, Lymphatic... 56 

Temperament, Mental 55 

Temperament, Motive 53 

Temperament, Vital 52 

Terrors, Night 325 

Torticollis 380 

Tetanus 331 

Throat, Sore 290 

Throat, Putrid Sore 338 

Thrombosis 371 

Thvroid Gland, Enlargement 

of 373 

Tinea Circinnatis 421 

Tic-Douloureux 333 

Tonsillitis 289 

Trichinae 34 

Trismus 331 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Tubercular Consumption 188 

Tubercular Meningitis 321 

Typhoid Fever 350 

Tvpho-Malarial Fever 361 

Typhus Fever 348 

Ulcers 386,420 

Ulcers, Malignant 413 

Ulcer of the Stomach 295 

Ulceration of the Womb 256 

Urethritis, Specific 368 

Urine, Incontinence of.. .320, 412 

Urine, Passing of, Frequent..309 

414 

Urine Passing of, Painful. ..414 

Urine, Retention of. 324 

Uterine Catarrh 245, 249 

Vagina 239 

Varicella 360 

Variola 337 

Veins, Plugging up of 371 

Vertex Presentation 277 

Vesico- Vagin al Fistul a 269 

Vital Temperament 52 

Voice, Loss of 291 

Vomiting ; 294, 421 

Vulva, Eruptive Diseases of.271 



PAGE. 

Vulva, Pruritus of 270 

Vulvo-Vaginal Gland, In- 
flammation of 271 

Vulvitis, Follicular 272 

Warts 422 

Water, Passing of, frequent.. 414 
Water, Passing of, painful -..414 

Whites 242 

Whooping Cough 337, 422 

Wine, to Mull 424 

Wine Whey 423 

Wolf, A 413 

Womb,Antinexion 260 

Womb, Antiversion 263 

Womb, Falling of 262 

Womb, Retroflexion. 259 

Womb, Retroversion 265 

Womb, Displacements of 261 

Womb, Ulceration of 256 

Women 266 

Women and their Diseases ...226 

Worms 404 

Worm, Tape 421 

Wounds 384 

Wry Neck 380 

Yellow Fever 362 



PREFACE. 



In presenting a book to the public on Hygiene, and the symp- 
toms and treatment of the various diseases with which the human 
family is frequently afflicted, I wish to impress it upon the minds of 
my readers that no one should presume to practice medicine who 
has not been properly educated in the profession of medicine, yet 
all who carefully read this work will be prepared for emergencies, 
and be enabled to give timely aid, and often absolute relief, to the 
sufferer before a physician arrives. To those residing at a great 
distance from a physician this book will be invaluable, as it will 
teach how to relieve the sick, save time and trouble, and possibly 
the expense of a medical practitioner. Careful nursing, attention 
to Hygiene, and the observance of administering medicinal prepa- 
rations and properly prepared nourishment, at regular intervals, 
are absolutely necessary to aid the sick to convalescence. Medi- 
cines are but aids to nature in overcoming disease, while hygienic 
care, such as sponging the body, ventilating the bed chamber, 
keeping the linen and bed clothing clean, and good food properly 
cooked, are all very essential and of the utmost importance. 

The question may be asked, of what use or benefit is such a book 
to the public? I answer, its use is to teach its readers how to pro- 
tect themselves against dangers, which most people are totally 
ignorant of, and the course to pursue to avoid disease, and when 
sick how to nurse and care for the afflicted, and thus aid nature 
and the physician to overcome the malady. 

All physicians know how difficult it is to get remedies admin- 
istered as directed, or hygienic advice and directions obeyed. It 
is my aim, in this volume, to teach the reader how to nurse and 
care for the sick and afflicted, and, also, the equally important 
duty of employing only competent and well qualified physicians, 
and of explicitly obeying their instructions and directions. I also 
hope to impart to my readers such information as will aid them 
in forming correct opinions touching disease in general, and thus 



4 PREFACE. 

enable them to recognize the danger, and use remedies herein pre- 
scribed before it is too late. When the parties have but little 
faith in their physicians, this book will enable them to judge more 
accurately of the qualifications of those whom they employ, and 
do what is best under the circumstances. Many lives are lost an- 
nually through ignorance and neglect, of employing remedies suit- 
able to to the disease, or calling in a physician at the proper time ; 
and I am sorry to say, too, often from not fully relying upon the 
physician, and following out his directions explicitly. Again, 
great injury is done by cramming the patient with all sorts of so- 
called remedies, suggested by neighbors, or ignorant and unquali- 
fied midwives. It frequently occurs that patients nearly die from 
injuries, convulsions, cholera morbus, cholera infantum, conges- 
tions, or spasms, before a physician can be summoned. By a 
thorough perusal of this work you will be prepared for all such 
emergencies. Females frequently are taken suddenly and danger- 
ously ill and die before the services of a physician or midwife can 
be procured. This book will tell you what to do at such critical 
times, and save human suffering, and, perhaps, a human life. I 
propose to teach the young the proper way in which to grow up to 
maturity, and become healthy and useful men and women ; to 
point out to them the shoals and quicksands upon which so many 
lives have been wrecked, and thereby pilot them safely through 
the voyage of life. These errors of youth have sent, and are send- 
ing thousands to premature graves, and are fast filling our idiotic 
and insane asylums to overflowing. 

I hope to give such instructions to parents as will put them on 
the alert and prevent such diseases and disasters occurring to their 
children. 

In conclusion, I hope to point out clearly and explicitly how 
man may be improved mentally, morally and physically, and 
thereby make the world better, wiser and happier. 

My thanks are due to my friend, M. W. Carr, for his council 
and aid. 

My thanks are especially due to Henry C. Lea's Son and Com- 
pany, of Philadelphia, for granting me the privilege of using 
anatomical plates from their standard medical publication. 

The Author. 

August 1, 1882. 




The skeleton, showing the ligaments on the left side and cut away on the 
right ; also showing by the outline the cushion of muscle and fat. (Harts- 
horn.) 

(5) 



HYGIENE. 

THE LAWS OF LIFE. 



Nature seems to be divided against herself, with 
respect to the health, happiness and life of man. Some 
of her forces tend to build up and sustain, while the 
office of others is to tear down and disintegrate. There 
are happy adaptabilities in our physical organization, 
which resolve themselves into capacities for resisting 
disease, expelling its seeds, and repelling the insidious 
advances of old age ; but on the other hand, the air 
we breathe, the food we eat, and the liquids we imbibe 
are all laden with the germs of dissolution. Every mo- 
tion in or of the body, whether voluntary or involun- 
tary, is a step that shortens our journey to the grave. 
We live in the midst of carnage, crash, and din, while 
the powers of life and of death unceasingly contend 
for the mastery in our regard — health against sickness, 
pleasure against pain — the conflict wages just as be- 
tween light and darkness on the hillsides, ere the gray 
of early morn " streaks the east," or "jocund day stands 
tip-toe on the misty mountain tops." From the time 
that Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of 
Eden to the present, unfortunate conditions, resulting 
in sickness, pain and early death, have been the sad 

(■) 



8 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

lot of man. In every age there have been witnesses to 
these things — men standing upon eminences noting 
with critical, yet swimming eyes, the thousands upon 
thousands of humanity periodically stretched upon 
the rack of sickness, or prematurely swallowed up in 
the great ocean of death. These witnesses are the phys- 
icians, who, through the desire for knowledge, ask, 
must these things ever continue to thus occur? who, 
through sympathy, are stretching out their hands to 
support the sinking ones ; who, through a desire to 
do good to their fellows, look out upon the fair face 
of nature and up to nature's God, asking, Is there not 
balm for the wounded and health for the sick ? All 
nature, and even the heavens, respond hit he affirma- 
tive ; — hence, certain men in every age, and particu- 
larly in this, our day and generation, filled with the 
truth of this assurance, have set themselves apart to 
study the nature of disease and the efficacy of reme- 
dies by the application of which the sufferer may be 
relieved from pain, and friendly nature aided in her 
efforts to overcome our numerous ills. Many who 
have no conception of the magnitude of the undertak- 
ing are inclined to look upon the study of medicine as 
a humbug, and to consider the science of medicine a 
mere matter of conjecture. This is a great error. 
When your physician is summoned to give relief to a 
darling child, attacked with convulsions, and in agony 
and contortions distressing and frightful to behold, he 
at once administers a little medicine hvpodermically 
(the patient being unable to swallow), and in from five 
to ten minutes the pain and convulsions cease and the 
little sufferer is gently lulled into summer-evening 
quiet and balmy sleep. Let the incredulous scoffer 
now gaze on the scene, changed as it is for the better, 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. V 

while the gladdened hearts of the household, through 
swimming eyes and with quivering lips, seek to ex- 
press their gratefulness to God, and perchance to the 
doctor as he takes his leave. Or it may be that a be- 
loved wife or husband is attacked in the night with a 
severe pain in the side or breast, attended with a cough 
— yes in the n ightf when the darkness is unusually black ; 
when solemn silence like an incubus has settled down 
upon all around; and when loneliness, the harbinger of 
helplessness, is present and adds additional weight to 
the sorrow of your home. You summon your physi- 
cian at once. After a careful examination he pronounces 
the affliction a case of pneumonia or pleuritis; tells 
you how to nurse and care for the patient, and your 
loved one, whose suffering gives you so much anxiety 
and sorrow, is soon able to take rest and advance in 
the way of recovery through the soothing influence 
of remedies properly administered. Or, forsooth, a 
limb is fractured, and it is set and bandaged in a skill- 
ful manner, and deformities are thereby avoided, or per- 
haps death through mortification is averted by ampu- 
tation ; in any case you can easily realize that there is 
some good in surgical skill, and that there is virtue in 
medicines prescribed by a good physician and carefully 
administered according to his directions. Xone save 
those who have suffered much pain can estimate what 
a great blessing it is to have the kind, encouraging 
look of an able physician, coupled with his skill, as he 
sits by your side in sickness and first learns your symp- 
toms, and studies the proximate cause of your malady, 
and then administers agents to relieve and heal you, 
speaking words of cheer and full of hope the while. 
The sacrifices of good physicians are many, and their 
labors arduous, which thepoet Oliver Wendell Holmes 



10 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

has so grandly portrayed in a poem, read by him June 
■8, 1881, at the centennial meeting of the Massachusetts 
Medical Society : 

Three paths there be where Learning's favored sons, 
Trained in the schools which hold her favored ones, 
Follow their several stars with separate aim; 
Each has its honors, each its special claim. 
Bred in the fruitful cradle of the East, 
First, as of oldest lineage, comes the Priest; 
The Lawyer next, in wordy conflict strong, 
Full armed to battle for the right,— or wrong; 
Last, he whose calling finds its voice in deeds, 
Frail Nature's helper in her sharpest needs. 

Each has his gifts, his losses and his gains, 
Each his own share of pleasures and of pains; 
No life-long aim with steadfast eye pursued 
Finds a smooth pathway all with roses strewed; 
Trouble belongs to man of woman born, — 
Tread where he may, his foot will find its thorn. 

Of all the guests at life's perennial feast, 
Who of her children sits above the Priest? 
For him the broidered robe, the carven seat, 
Pride at his beck, and beauty at his feet, 
For him the incense fumes, the wine is poured. 
Himself a God, adoring and adored! 
His the first welcome when our hearts rejoice, 
His in our dying ear the latest voice, 
Font; altar, grave, his steps on all attend, 
Our staff', our stay, our all but Heavenly friend! 

Where is the meddling hand that dares to probe 
The secret grief beneath his sable robe? 
How grave his port ! how every gesture tells 
Here truth abides, here peace forever dwells; 
Vex not his lofty soul with comments vain; 
Faith asks no questions; silence, ye profane! 

Alas! too oft while all is calm without 
The stormy spirit wars with endless doubt; 
This is the mocking spectre, scarce concealed 
Behind tradition's bruised and battered shied. 
He sees the sleepless critic, age by age, 



LIFE A.XD HYGIENE. 11 

Scrawl his new readings on the hallowed page, 

The wondrous deeds that priests and prophets saw 

Dissolved in legend, crystallized in law, 

And on the soil where saints and martyrs trod 

Altars new builded to the Unknown God; 

His shrines imperilled, his evangels torn, — 

He dares not limp, but ah! how sharp his thorn ! 

Yet while God's herald questions as he reads 
The outworn dogmas of his ancient creeds, 
Drops from his ritual the exploded verse, 
Blots from its page the Athanasian curse, 
Though by the critic's dangerous art perplexed, 
His holy life is Heaven's unquestioned text; 
That shining guidance doubt can never mar,— 
The pillar's fame, the light of Bethlehem's star! 

Strong is the moral blister that will draw 
Laid on the conscience of the Man of Law 
Whom blindfold Justice lends her eyes to see 
Truth in the scale that holds his promised fee. 
What ! Has not every lie its truthful side, 
Its honest fraction, not to be denied ? 
Per contra — ask the moralist, — in sooth 
Has not a lie its share in every truth? 
Then what forbids an honest man to try 
To find the truth that lurks in every lie, 
And just as fairly call on truth to yield 
The lying fraction in its breast concealed ? 
So the worst rogue shall claim a ready friend 
His modest virtues boldly to defend, 
And he who shows the record of a saint 
See himself blacker than the devil could paint. 

"What struggles to his captive soul belong 
Who loves the right, yet combats for the wrong, 
Who fights the battle he would fain refuse 
And wins, well knowing that he ought to lose, 
Who speaks with glowing lips and look sincere 
In spangled words that make the worse appear 
The better reason ; who, behind his mask 
Hides his true self and blushes at his task, — 
What quips, what quillets cheat the inward scorn 
That mocks such triumph? Has he not his thorn ? 



12 THE PHYSIO LORAL LAWS OF 

Yet stay thy judgment; were thy life the prize, 
Thy death the forfeit, would thy cynic eyes 
See fault in him who bravely dares defend 
The cause forlorn, the wretch without a friend? 
Nay, though the rightful side is wisdom's choice, 
Wrong has its rights and claims a champion's voice; 
Let the strong arm be lifted for the weak, 
For the dumb lips the fluent pleader speak ; — 
When with warm " rebel " blood our street was dyed 
Who took, unawed, the hated hirelings' side? 
No greener civic wreath can Adams claim, 
No brighter page the youthful Quincy's name? 

How blest is he who knows no meaner strife 
Than Art's long battle with the foes of life ! 
No doubt assails him, doing still his best, 
And trusting kindly Nature for the rest; 
No mocking conscience tears the thin disguise 
That wraps his breast, and tells him that he lies. 
He comes ; the languid sufferer lifts his head 
And smiles a welcome from his weary bed ; 
He speaks; what music like the tones that tell 
" Past is the hour of danger, — all is well ! " 
How can he feel the petty stings of grief 
Whose cheering presence always brings relief ? 
What ugly dreams can trouble his repose 
Who yields himself to soothe another's woes? 

Hour after hour the busy day has found 
The good physician on his lonely round ; 
Mansion and hovel, low and lofty door, 
He knows, his journeys every path explore, — 
Where the cold blast has struck with deadly chill 
The sturdy dweller on the storm-swept hill, 
Where by the stagnant marsh the sickening gale ' 
Has blanched the poisoned tenants of the vale, 
Where crushed and maimed the bleeding victim lies, 
Where madness raves, where melancholy sighs, 
And where the solemn whisper tells too plain 
That all his science, all his art, were vain. 

How sweet his fireside when the day is done 
And cares have vanished with the setting sun ! 
Evening at last its hour of respite brings 
And on his couch his weary length he flings. 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 13 

Soft be thy pillow, servant of mankind, 

Lulled by an opiate Art could. never find; 

Sweet be thy slumber, — thou has earned it well, — 

Pleasant thy dreams ! Clang ! goes the midnight bell ! 

Darkness and storm ! the home is far away 
That waits his coming ere the break of day ; 
The snow-clad pines their wintry plumage toss, — 
Doubtful the frozen stream his road must cross; 
Deep lie the drifts, the slanted heaps have shut 
The hardy woodman in his mountain hut, — 
Why should thy softer frame the tempest brave? 
Hast thou no life, no health, to lose or save? 
Look ! read the answer in his patient eyes, — 
For him no other voice than suffering cries ; 
Deaf to the gale that all around him blows, 
A feeble whisper calls him, — and he goes. 

Or seek the crowded city, — summer's heat 
Glares burning, blinding, in the narrow street, 
Still, noisome, deadly, sleeps the envenomed air, 
L/nstirred the yellow flag that says " Beware ! " 
Tempt not thy fate, — one little moment's breath 
Bears on its viewless wing the seeds of death; 
Thou at whose door the gilded chariots stand, 
Whose dear-bought skill unclasps the miser's hand, 
Turn from thy fatal quest, nor cast away 
That life so precious ; let a meaner prey 
Feed the destroyer's hunger; live to bless 
Those happier homes that need thy care no less ! 

Smiling he listens; has he then a charm 
"Whose magic virtues peril can disarm? 
No safeguard his; no amulet he wears, 
Too well he knows that nature never spares 
Her truest servant, powerless to defend 
From her own weapons her unshrinking friend. 
He dares the fate the bravest well might shun, 
Kor asks reward 'save only Heaven's " Well done ! " 

Such are the toils, the perils that he knows, 
Days without rest and nights without repose, 
Yet all unheeded for the love he bears 
His art, his kind, whose every grief he shares. 

Harder than these to know how small the -part 
Nature's proud empire yields to striving Art; 



14 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

How, as the title that rolls around the sphere 
Laughs at the mounds that delving arms uproar, — 
Spares some few roods of oozy earth, hut still 
Wastes and rebuilds the planet at its will, 
Comes at its ordered season, night or noon, 
Led by the silver magnet of the moon, 
So life's vast tide forever comes and goes, 
Unchecked, resistless, as it ebbs and flows. 

Hardest of all, when Art has done her best, 
To find the cuckoo brooding in her nest; 
The shrewd adventurer, fresh from parts unknown,, 
Kills off' the patients Science thought her own, 
Towns from a nostrum-vender get their name, 
Fences and walls the cure-all drug proclaim, 
Plasters and pads the willing world beguile, 
Fair Lydia greets us with a stringent smile, 
Munchausen's fellow-countryman unlocks 
His new Pandora's globule-holding box, 
And as King George inquired with puzzle grin 
" How — how the devil get the apple in?" 
So we ask how, — with wonder-opening eyes, — 
Such pygmy pills can hold such giant lies! 

Yes, sharp the trials, stern the daily tasks 
That suffering Nature from her servant asks; 
His the kind office dainty menials scorn, 
His path how hard, — at every step a thorn ! 
What does his saddening, restless slavery buy, 
What save a right to live, a chance to die, — 
To live companion of disease and pain, 
To die by poisoned shafts untimely slain? 

Answer from hoary eld, majestic shades, — 
From Memphian courts, from Delphic colonnades, 
Speak in the tones that Persia's despot heard 
When nations treasured every golden word 
The wandering echoes wafted o'er the seas 
From the far isle that held Hippocrates ; 
And thou, best gift that Pergamus could send 
Imperial Rome, her noblest Caesar's friend, 
Master of masters, whose unchallenged sway 
Not bold Vesalius dared to disobey ; 
Ye who while prophets dreamed of dawning times 
Taught your rude lessons in Salerno's rhymes, 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 15< 

And ye, the nearer sires, to whom we owe 

The better share of all the best we know, 

In every land an ever-growing train, 

Since wakening Science broke her rusted chain, — 

Speak from the past, and say what prize was sent 

To crown the toiling years so freely spent ! 

List while they speak : 

In life's uneven road 
Our willing hands have eased our brothers' load ; 
One forehead smoothed, one pang of torture less, 
One peaceful hour a sufferer's couch to bless, 
The smile brought back to fever's parching lips, 
The light restored to reason in eclipse, 
Life's treasure rescued like a burning brand 

Snatched from the dread destroyer's wasteful hand — 
Such were our simple records day by day, 
For gains like these we wore our lives away. 
In toilsome paths our daily bread we sought, 
But bread from Heaven attending angels brought; 
Pain was our teacher, speaking to the heart, 
Mother of pity, nurse of pitying art ; 
Our lesson learned, we reached the peaceful shore 
Where the pale sufferer asks our aid no more, — 
These gracious words our welcome, our reward, 
Ye served your brothers ; ye have served your Lord ! 
—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 

A man traveling along a country road found another 
lying by the wayside, and his horse waiting for him to 
remount. Traveler No. 1 inquired what the difficulty 
was, and being informed by No. 2 that he had fallen 
from his horse and fractured his leg, responded, " Oh ! 
is that all? I thought you had the toothache." This 
little anecdote fairly illustrates the fact that in order 
to properly appreciate suffering we must have suffered. 

As not a few of the ills to which we are subject in 
life come to us from without it is important that I first 
call your attention to the anatomical construction of 
the skin, the influence it has upon the general health, 



16 



tup: physiological laws of 



and the great necessity of keeping it in a normal con- 
dition by frequent bathing. 

We have here a cut or plate showing the two coats 



i=| \cPIO£-JJM/S 
g.l Off 

i§-\ Cuticle 




She at Slaw.* 



Nutrient Artery 



The Skin and its Appendages. (Gray.) 

or layers ; the derma or cutis vera and the eperdermis 
or cuticle. The cutis vera has two. layers, the deep or 
corium and the superficial or papilla. The perspiratory 
glands of the skin are scattered everywhere throughout 
the integument,. being most abundant on the anterior 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



17 



portions of the body. They consist each of a slender 
tube about ^J-g- of an inch in diameter, lined with 
glandular epithelium ; they penetrate the entire thick- 
ness of the skin and terminate below (as you see by 
the plate), in globular coils. A net-work of capillary 
vessels envelope the coils and supply the glands with 




Pacinian Corpuscles. 

c, the stem- b, fibre of nerve ; c, d, scaly sheath ; e, axis or cylinder; /, a 
division of the axis. These are the ends of the nerves of sensation. (Harts- 

HORNE.) 

the material necessary for their secretion. The skin is 
tough and elastic, and protects the deeper structures 
from injury, and is an excretory organ. On the corium 
are the sensitive papilla?, by which agents we experience 
the sense of touch. Their average length is about the 
yJ-q part of an inch, and measure at the base about the 
2 



18 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

g-J-jj- part of an inch. They are more numerous upon 
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet; around 
the nipples they are longer and more closely collocated 
and are arranged in parallel curved lines, forming the 
elevations seen upon the surface of the skin. In those 
parts where the sense of touch is highly developed, the 
papillae are connected with the pacinian corpuscles; 
and hence we can account for the semi-pleasurable, 
semi-painful sensation called tickling, experienced by 
contact with some light, feathery substance, as when 
a straw is drawn across the end of the nose or other 
sensitive portions of the body. 

The epidermis or cuticle (scarfskin) is an epithelial 
structure accurately moulded on the papillary layer of 
the derma. It forms a covering to the true skin and 
limits the evaporation of watery vapor from its surface. 
The formation of the epidermis is in cell form ; the 
cells are developed in the liquor sanguinas which is 
poured out upon the free surface of the derma. The 
deeper layers, according to Koelliker, are of a columnar 
form, and are arranged perpendicularly, forming single, 
double or triple layers and covering these cells ; they 
are in the form of lamina or scales and are flattened, 
dry and transparent. The black color of the skin on 
the negro, and the dark color among some of the white 
races, is due to pigment, or coloring matter, in those 
cells. I have no doubt many young people, especially 
the young ladies who possess this pigment to excess, 
would like to be scaled solely for complexion's sake. 
The glands are very abundant in some parts of the 
body. According to Krause, there are about 50Q. to 
the square inch on the posterior portion of the body; 
on the anterior about 1,000; and on the soles of the 
feet and palms of the hands 2,700. According to the 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 19 

same author the whole number of perspiratory glands 
is about 2,381,248, and the length of each tubular coil 
being y 1 - of an inch, the aggregate length would be 
about 153,000 inches, or 2 J miles, presenting a surface 
of about eight inches square for evaporation and car- 
rying off heat. 

The perspiration is a clear, colorless fluid, with an 
acid reaction, and a specific gravity of 1.003 or 1.004. 
It is composed of the following constituents : 

Water 995.50 

Chloride of Sodium 2.23 

Chloride of Potassium 0.24 

Sulphate of Soda and Potassa 0.01 

Salts of organic acids with Soda and Potassa.. 2.02 

1000.00 

Thus it can be seen that the pores or emunctories 
act as the sewers by which the effete matter is carried 
away, which matter, if allowed to remain in the circula- 
tion, would poison the system, or, perhaps, lodge in 
some vital organ, as the lungs, liver or kidneys, and 
result in dangerous diseases or death. It can readily 
be perceived then, how important it is to bathe fre- 
quently, and keep the skin in a healthy condition, by 
preventing the clogging up of the pores. It is truly 
wonderful how some persons can neglect and abuse 
themselves in this respect aud still live. I once had 
a patient, a mechanic plying a dirty trade, who had 
been indisposed for several months. I advised him, 
among other things, to bathe occasionally, at least to 
change his linen often, and never to sleep in the un- 
derclothing in which he worked. He told me he was 
fearful of taking cold, and in reply to my inquiry de- 
clared he had not bathed all over for more than six 
months past. I have frequently been called to see sick 



20 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

children whose undergarments were so filthy, and whose 
whole person was so besmeared with rancid goose 
grease, gummy and sickening syrups of home manu- 
facture, and abominable applications of fried onions, 
garlic, etc., that I disliked to make other than a casual 
examination of their little chests where I apprehended 
lung difficulty. Poor children, how they do suffer at the 
hands of ignorant mothers. How often do physicians 
hear the exclamation : " Wall, Doc, I had ter send 
fur you, fur I have given that ere child everything I 
ever heerd ov, an' it kep a gittin' wuss all the time. 
I fust giv it goose grease and molasses ; then I giv it 
hoarhound tea and rock candy ; then I giv it a dost of 
castor oil and turpentine ; then I put fried onions on 
its breast, and I roasted an onion and giv it the juice, 
with loaf sugar ; then I greast it with lard and tur- 
pentine, and passed it through the rungs of the ladder 
back and to three times, for Aunty Johnson said it 
was liver grown, and that was a sure cure. Then 
Elder Jenkins sed he thought it had water on the 
brain, and if I would poultice its head with cow dung, 
mixed with the milk of a cow that let her milk run, 
it would cure it, but, Doc, all has done no good ! so I 
thought I would see if you doctors could do anything 
fur children. Elder Jenkins sed that doctors allers 
kills babies, cause he sed doctors' medicines is too 
strong for children. It pizens them; but do, Doc, 
save my baby, and it will be a feather in your cap ! " 
Hundreds of children who are now " sleeping the sleep 
that knows no awakening/' might have been saved had 
their mothers been taught hygiene, or the common 
sense duties essential to the proper management of the 
nursery. How common it is to see a mother tossing 
or churning her young babe in the air until its stomach 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 21 

sickens, and it can no longer retain its food, and then 
when the dear little babe frets she presses it to her 
breast and forces it to again gorge or overload its little 
stomach, and then she commences the churning process 
again j or, still worse, she tosses her poor sick child 
upon her shoulder, then clasps it to her bosom, then 
rushes from one corner of the room to the other, ply- 
ing it to the breast, trying to pour water down its 
throat, suddenly raising it from a reclining to an up- 
right position ; and not unfrequently, when the little 
sufferer is gasping for breath, the thoughtless mother 
adds to its asphyxiated condition, by smothering it 
with kisses. Oh ! gentle mother, stop and reflect, and 
imagine yourself sick unto death, when a slam of a 
door is magnified to the thunder crash, or a tread upon 
the floor assumes the proportions of the mighty temp- 
est, or, when the rude nurse, in quickly elevating your 
head for a drink, caused you to feel as if earth was 
passing from your vision, and all that was dear to you 
was blotted out, a nauseous feeling as that of death 
crept upon you, you heard the death knell ringing in 
your ears, and felt as though you would give worlds, if 
you possessed them, to be left undisturbed and alone. 
If so, then you can form some idea of the torture you 
are inflicting upon your darling child w T hen you treat 
it in sickness as I have just described. In the name 
of a merciful God, mothers, be ye merciful in this re- 
spect to your children ; rely upon your physician, if a 
good one, and never employ any other. Do not listen 
to idle gossipers and the superstitious, who always imag- 
ine they know more than the physician, but give your 
suffering child and friendly nature a chance. 

The habit of teaching children to fear doctors is a 
bad practice, and frequently increases the troubles of 



22 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the parents, when they have sickness, by the little suf- 
ferers becoming terror-stricken when the physician is 
called in, by becoming so restless and excited that it is 
almost impossible to examine them and make a cor- 
rect diagnosis. Children should be taught to love and 
respect all honorable physicians, not to fear them. I 
have visited houses where every child, able to run, 
broke for the streets and ran screaming, whilst the lit- 
tle patient was almost thrown into convulsions at the 
sight of the doctor, from pure fright. 

Much attention should also be given to the temper- 
ature and ventilation of the rooms of the sick, espe- 
cially of children ; and even when in health, you must 
attend to these things, if you desire to retain that great 
boon — good health. By all means air your beds often, 
and especially in the winter season, for it is then that 
the great error of preferring warmth to pure air is 
most prevalent. No one can endure a close, impure 
atmosphere in poorly ventilated rooms, with damp 
walls, and a temperature often varying from 50° to 80° 
in the 24 hours. Dampness in cellars — water standing 
in them — or decaying vegetables, is calculated to de- 
velop or foster disease, and should never be tolerated ; 
also, buildings with floors upon the ground, with no 
ventilation beneath the floor, can not be productive of 
health, but the converse ; whether there are cellars or 
not, there should be ventilation under the ground floors. 

The pernicious habit of drying clothes in rooms in 
the house is also worthy of note and condemnation. 
This should never be practiced; better even neglect 
the hygienic laws — a neglect of a change Of clothing — 
rather than be guilty of such practices. " Of two evils 
choose the least." Another matter of very great im- 
portance is the use of wall paper containing arsenic. 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 23 

Many persons have become invalids by living and 
sleeping in rooms papered with wall paper containing 
beautiful vines and flowers made brilliant by the aid 
of arsenic ; better have bare walls, either whitewashed 
or calsomined, than to decorate with fine papers to deal 
death to your family. Our beautiful colors, made by 
using the analine dyes, are also poisonous, and deaths 
have occurred from wearing clothes that were dyed with 
those dyes, also very serious skin eruptions frequently 
occur from the effects of the arsenic contained in them. 
It is really wonderful how much our physical organ- 
izations have to contend with from outrages committed 
upon ourselves, either through ignorance or indiffer- 
ence. I will also call your attention to another sui- 
cidal practice wich is common in all large towns; that 
is the practice of using water from wells in close prox- 
imity to privy vaults or water closets. This practice 
merits great condemnation. A well will draw from a 
vault a distance of at least seventy feet, and in a grav- 
elly soil twice or three times that distance. I trust my 
readers may not overlook this all important matter, 
and through neglect or a desire to save a dollar, per- 
mit their families to drink such filth ; far better make a 
large cistern and put in a filter and catch their water 
in winter ; then you will have the purest of water, if 
made proof against rats and insects, which is very es- 
sential. "Water closets should never be close to your 
houses, and pools and gutters containing water or filth 
should not be permitted to exist ; the water closets 
should be disinfected several times during the summer 
with lime, sulphate of iron, carbolic acid or perman- 
ganate of potash. One drachm of permanganate dis- 
solved in half a barrel of water is one of the best de- 
odorizers and disinfectants we have. 



24 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

It is much better, when possible, to sleep in the sec- 
ond story, especially during the summer months ; by 
so doing, you escape much of the foul stench arising 
from vaults and decomposing matter, as foul gases 
usually lie close to the earth during the dampness of 
night ; especially is this so in malarial districts. 

It is also a common custom to keep a lamp or gas 
burning all night. This is a very dangerous habit, 
aside from the danger of an explosion of the lamp ; it is 
asserted that one lamp will consume about three times 
as much oxygen from the atmospheric air as one per- 
son, and gives off in return three times as much car- 
bonic acid gas, a deadly poison when inhaled, thereby 
poisoning the occupants of the bedroom. Let me warn 
you against this abominable practice, which is common 
to almost every family of the land. Plenty of pure 
air is an essential to health, either night or day. Many 
prefer a close bedroom, with all its impurities, lest the 
night air might injure them. A fashionable lady, but 
ignorant of hygiene, said to her medical adviser, who 
recommended plenty of pure air in her bedroom at 
night, "Docta, is not the night aah vewy unwhole- 
some?" He retorted by sa}dng, "Madam, it is the 
very best air Ave can get after night." According to 
the investigation of various observers, the average 
amount of atmospheric air taken into and discharged 
from the lungs at each respiration is about twenty (20) 
cubic inches. Calculating the average number of res- 
pirations to be eighteen per minute, as the mean aver- 
age between waking and sleeping hours, it amounts to 
three hundred and sixty (360) cubic inches of air in- 
spired per minute, twenty-one thousand and six hun- 
dred (21,600) cubic inches an hour, and one hundred 
and ninety-four thousand four hundred (194,400) cubic 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 25 

inches in nine hours, the average number a healthy 
laboring man sleeps. This would make one hundred 
and twelve and a half (112 i) cubic feet of atmospheric^ 
air taken into the lungs of an adult in nine hours of" 
sleep. Eleven (11) persons sleeping in a room twelve- 
(12) feet long, ten (10) feet wide, and ten (10) feet high, 
would convert all the oxygen into carbonic acid gas in 
nine hours. How common it is to find families where 
five or six persons sleep in a close room in winter, but 
little larger than the one I have enumerated, and that 
too, with a lamp burning equaling three more persons,, 
and perhaps one a consumptive at that. Therefore, is 
it not a wonder that more do not sicken and die ? 

How often we find parents or grandparents sleeping 
in the same bed with two or three little children, with 
doors and windows closed, and each one breathing in 
again the carbonic acid gas and poisonous exhalations 
from the lungs of the other, and, in addition to this, 
the old people drawing the animal magnetism and vi- 
tality from those innocent children, thereby prolonging 
their days at the expense of these young lives ; and 
what is far worse — since it is more positive and direct — 
sowing in them, by sympathetic transmission, the seeds 
of premature decay, and, perhaps, early death. Ah ! 
ha ! how old gray-headed men love to marry blooming, 
healthy young wives. Not only through love, but, 
also, through selfishness, are these old fellows inclined 
to the " buxom, blithe and debonair " lassies. The gay 
old foxes, they well know that they get a new lease on 
life at the expense of such wives. Be careful, young 
ladies, about marrying old men, unless they are exceed- 
ingly wealthy and you have a goodly share settled in 
your own right, and furthermore, that you prefer 
money to health and happiness ; do not marry them, 



26 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

for as sure as you do, and live, you will pay the pen- 
alty even to the very last farthing. 

I have an old friend who, at the age of 76, married 
a hale, hearty young girl; he was then in poor health. 
Ten years later his health had almost miraculously im- 
proved, while that of his young wife had correspond- 
ingly suffered. Age and youth ! " Oh ! ill mated pair," 
should not be found sleeping in the same bed chamber ; 
neither should a person of sound lungs marry a person 
with diseased lungs, for two reasons : First, the sound 
person may acquire the disease ; and second, because 
their posterity will inherit the malady. Hence, a 
whole family may perish prematurely, because one par- 
ent was unfit to assume the duties of the married state 
and beget healthy children. This doctrine may seem 
hard, and even impossible, to the ignorant and incred- 
ulous, but I make bold to assert that no man or woman 
-should marry, when either is aware of being afflicted 
with an incurable disease that is transmissable to pos- 
terity. Tn case they do marry, they but hurry to a 
close the evening of their own day of life, and leave 
their children a burden to the state, and weighed down 
with an orphan's inheritance of misery and woe. . 

There is another topic to which I desire to call your 
attention, in this connection, for the benefit of old peo- 
ple and those of you who may be fortunate enough to 
live to be old. It has been said, as you are all aware, 
that cold winters take the old folks from us. This is 
true so far as the taking off is concerned, but it is not 
strictly true with respect to the winter. It is neglect 
that kills off the old folks, and while we lay the proper 
share of blame on the coldness of the weather, we 
must not forget that our lack of precaution against it 
is also blameable. Most people believe, and with some 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 27 

reason, too, that cold weather conduces to health ; with 
regard to the robust and healthy, and favorable sur- 
roundings, cold weather acts as a stimulus; but in the 
case of the delicate, the invalid and the aged, the con- 
trary is more likely to be true. The greater number 
of old people who die during cold winters, die of 
jmeumonitis (lung fever), and the origin of this dan- 
gerous disease is attributable to carelessness with re- 
gard to sleeping apartments. Very many persons sleep 
in damp, badly ventilated rooms, with the rank odor of 
the fungoid growth known as mildew pervading their 
every nook and corner. Numerous others sleep in 
apartments where the temperature stands at 70° or 80° 
on their retiring, and by three or four o'clock in the 
morning it has fallen to 30° or 40°. The bed clothing 
that was sufficient for Avarmth when the temperature was 
at 70°, is now totally inadequate, and the aged father 
or mother is unconscious of the great change until 
aroused by being chilled with the severe cold. It is 
then too late to put on more covering, the harm is 
done. But you will ask, " What shall be done, since a 
chamber with fire and one without fire are equally un- 
healthy." If your sleeping apartments are remote 
from where you cook or sit, you should have a fire in 
them every forenoon to dry up all moisture, after air- 
ing them for an hour or more. If you have fire-places 
in these rooms, leave a little fire in them both day and 
night. The safest plan, especially for aged people, is 
to have the temperature at from 55° to 60° during the 
entire night. Most aged persons "take cold" during 
sleep, and this precaution, as to temperature, will do 
away with this liability to become chilled. 

My friends, those of you who have aged parents, 
and desire to discharge your natural and filial obliga- 



28 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

tions to them, must see to it that they are comfortable 
in every respect, not only in the bed-room, but at the 
table and in the sitting-room as well. Oh ! how many 
sleepless nights and restless days has that beloved 
mother passed with solicitude at the crib, watching you 
in your infancy, when fever racked your brain and 
fell disease threatened your very existence ! How the 
tears that told of sympathy and love and heartache 
stole silently down her cheeks, pale and wan, as she 
bathed your aching head. Has she not lifted up her 
voice in prayer and sighing, and in tears besought the 
great God to spare her darling child ? And the dear 
old father, whose familiar tread was known to the 
household — to you, his children, who, each noon and 
night vied with each other for his first kiss, or for a 
seat upon his sturdy knee to be affectionately caressed — 
you must remember that it will shortly be your duty 
to grasp the withered and chilled hands of your aged 
parents and lead them tenderly over the rugged places 
that beset their declining years. It will soon be your 
turn to sit by their bedside in sickness and bathe their 
aching heads. Remember the Biblical injunction, 
lt Honor thy father and thy mother." Never neglect 
the dear parents who were ready to sacrifice all for 
you ; and may none of you ever be so ungrateful as to 
deserve to have quoted against you the lines of the 
poet Carleton : 

"Over the hills to the poor house, I'm trudging my weary way, 

I, a woman of seventy, and only a trifle gray ; 

I, who am smart and chipper for all the years I've told, 

As many another woman, that's only half as old." 

Yes, ere long these old landmarks will *be blotted out ; 
ere long their familiar voices will be hushed in the silence 
of the tomb. The finger of time has furrowed the faces 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 29 

of these saintly personages ; the frosts and snows of 
many winters have whitened their thin locks ; the bur- 
dens of life, heroically borne for children's sake, have 
bent down their forms, and now, on their nigh approach 
to the dark river that separates time from eternity, let 
not youth be so irreverent as to speak of or to them as 
the " old man " and the " old woman ! " They have 
given the parental blessing to children launching their 
barques upon life's stormy ocean ; they have rejoiced 
and prayed, and were glad over their children's suc- 
cess ; they have fought the good fight in the discharge 
of honest duty, and they now deserve well, especially 
of their children. Young man and young woman, you 
can in no way better manifest good character and good 
qualities than in caring for, and honoring your par- 
ents and the aged, for ere long they will pass to that 
shadow land across the river of death. 

SHADOW LAND. 

Far from the world that we live in to-day 

Shadow land lies ; 
None know how far it is, none know the way, 
"What are its boundaries no one can say, 

Only surmise ; 
No one living has set foot on thatlsnore, 
Formed from the wreck of the sad nevermore. 

Memory governs this shadowy land, 

Reigning supreme; 
Ofttimes there comes at her word of command 
Forms we have known from the far distant strand 

Faint as a dream ; 
Forms of those dear in the days that have flown, 
Forms of beloved ones in life's morning known. 



30 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

AVitli them they bring back the scenes of the past 

Back to our view ; 
Pictures of friendship not destined to last, 
Love that grew weak 'neath adversities' blast, 

Painted anew ; 
Ridges and ripples in Time's shifting sand, 
Hidden till now in the far Shadow land. 

— Neic York Evening PosL 

Among the points hygienically considered thus far, 
it will be necessary to mention the clothing. To be 
properly clothed, — that is, with respect to comfort 
rather than to style, — is a matter of no small impor- 
tance. We should regulate our clothing according to 
the weather, and our garments should be made so as to 
fit us nicely. Tight-fitting clothing is very injurious 
to the health ; this is especially true in the case of ill- 
fitting and tightly laced corsets. On the corset ques- 
tion I do not agree with the declarations of not a few 
lecturers on hygiene. On the contrary I believe that 
a woman is not injured by wearing a corset that fits 
her, particularly when it is not so tightly laced as to 
crowd some of the vital organs out of place or inter- 
fere with the breathing or the circulation. There 
should be a sufficient quantity of under-clothing worn 
to protect the body from sudden changes of tempera- 
ture, and these garments should be changed once every 
week in winter, and twice or thrice in warm weather. 
During the sultry months of July and August we 
should change every day, if possible. A concomitant 
precaution of these injunctions is that we never sleep 
in the under-garments worn during the day; for if we 
do, much of the effete matter carried to the surface 
by the perspiration maybe absorbed and settle, as I 
have already said, in some of the vital organs and re- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 31 

suit in disease or death. Frequent bathing, on the 
same principle, is very important to the health, for, by 
it, the sewage carried to the surface of the skin, through 
the pores, is washed away, the pores themselves kept 
open, and the capillary circulation bettered and pre- 
served. It further perforins the office of a remedial 
and medicinal agent, as is exemplified by Dr. R. T. 
Trail's System of Hygienic Medicine, known as Hydro- 
pathy, or Water Cure. Although his teachings were 
fanatical and narrow, it must be admitted that they 
were of some benefit at least to those who believed in 
wearing clean clothes over a filthy skin. 

I now remember to have been called, on one occa- 
sion, to see a young lady who was suffering from a case 
of acute rheumatism. Her mother, after giving ex- 
pression to the intense suffering which the young lady 
had undergone, remarked, as she elevated the bed- 
spread, that her foot, about the ankle, was black and 
blue. I found, however, upon examination, that soap 
and water would remove the discoloration. 

It is frequently very difficult to get persons to change 
the sheets or linen about their sick friends, fearing lest 
in so doing they might get cold. The apprehension is 
groundless when proper care is observed; and even at 
the worst, a cold, in some cases, is not to be regarded 
as more injurious than sweat-soaked sheets and filthy 
under-clothing to the sick one. Cleanliness is next to 
godliness with the sick or the healthful. Every house 
should have a bath room, or at least a bath tub. There 
is nothing that regulates the appetite, the skin and the 
temper as does the bath. Animate and inanimate na- 
ture rejoice in the kindly offices of pure cold water. A 
shower quenches the burning thirst of nature ; it fresh- 
ens the forest foliage and deepens the verdure of the 



32 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

green savannas ; it cools and moistens the atmosphere, 
and all things seem aglow with gratefulness for a bath 
in the limpid depths of the God-given water. Under 
its charming influence the little birds sing as if it were 
their last chance for melody-making ; the smaller crea- 
tures in myriads rejoice and gambol on the green sward, 
and the woods and vales resound with hosannas of 
thanksgiving for the blessings of the bath. Man alone, 
though fitted for every enjoyment, stands aloof from 
this great boon, and will often go for days, weeks and 
even months without bathing any part of the body, 
save the face and hands, and even then giving them 
only a very slight introduction to that purifying ele- 
ment, or as some would term it, "a three-fingered 
wash." If we could but see ourselves in our true col- 
ors, we would be greatly benefited, or, as Burns puts 
it— 

" Oil wad some power the giftie gie us, 
To see oursels as others see us! 
It wad frae mony a blunder free us, 

And foolish notion : 
What airs in dress, and gait wad lea'e us, 

And even devotion ! " 

Physical exercise is necessary to development and 
health. Ail children should be induced to take such 
exercise as tends to develop the lungs and the gen- 
eral muscles. Active exercise of all the muscles is 
essential for girls and boys ; hence, they should be put 
through a regular course of gymnastic or military 
training. Much of this exercise should be taken out 
of doors, in the air and sunshine, for God's air and the 
bright sunshine are necessary to our being. But few 
young ladies have properly developed chests; their 
breathing capacities are deficient, in consequence of 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 33 

lack of healthful exercise, and many die young from 
•consumption for want of muscular activity, pure air 
and the bright sun's rays. How can we expect girls 
and boys to grow up rugged and healthy who neglect 
these rules, -and who scarcely ever make a brisk move- 
ment, or sniff the morning air. Look at the dwarfed 
and delicate appearance of a stalk of corn, or any other 
plant, growing in the shade, or only getting a glimpse 
of the king of day in the morning and at evening. If 
lack of sunshine is manifest in vegetation by the lack 
of development, we can, by analogy, infer how essen- 
tial it is to us. Do not let your fear of being tanned 
cause you to flee from the face of Old Sol. If he tan 
you a little, he will bless you with good health on the 
other hand. If any one of your family are confined 
to their room by sickness, be sure and locate the sick 
in the south or southeast part of the building, for it is 
there that they will have the benefit of the sun's rays 
for the greater portion of the day. Girls, if you de- 
sire to escape that fell destroyer, consumption, you 
must take plenty of exercise in the open air, and as 
often as possible while the sun is shining. Throw the 
shoulders backward, take deep inspirations, slow and 
regular, and learn to exercise your lungs as well as 
your whole body. Do not be ashamed to aid your 
mother, or the servants, in the performance of house 
work ; roll up your sleeves and aid the cook, and learn 
from her not only how to gain physical strength, but 
also — and especially — a thorough acquaintance with 
the culinary art. Properly prepared food forms so 
prominent a feature in good digestion, that the young 
lady must be very dull indeed who can not see how 
necessary it is that she should be a good cook and 
3 



34 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



housekeeper before she undertakes the responsible po- 
sition of wife and mother. I enjoin this as a most 
sacred duty upon mothers that they teach their daugh- 
ters how to keep house, and prepare wholesome food for 
the table. We all know how unpalatable it is to eat 
food improperly cooked, and how dangerous to health 




Trichinae. 
After a preparation from a human body dying during the Hedersleben 
epidemic. Trichinae, probably about seven weeks old, completely developed, 
but without a trace of a capsule ; spindle-shaped enlargements, of sarco- 
lemma were present. (Luchart.) 

it may prove under certain circumstances. Pork, for 
instance, should be well cooked, in order to destroy 
the trichinae, should there happen to be any of those 
little parasites present. 

I have here a magnified illustration, showing the 
mode of being of these delicate little creatures, and 
how stylishly they present themselves. 



t 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 35 

Substances used as food are unfit for use when de- 
composed or adulterated. The adulteration of food is 
carried on to an alarming extent in the world to-day. 
Among the numerous articles tampered with, I might 
mention sugar, baking powder, vinegar and butter. 
"We have now a modern article of butter, called oleo- 
margerine. This abominable stuff is often made of 
rancid and rotten tallow and lard, cooked up with 
chemicals, and made to appear identical with that oily 
substance which we get from pure cream, and which 
deserves the name — butter. And right here, among 
the adulterated articles of food, I might also mention 
the long list of impure and poisonous beverages, both 
distilled and fermented. When taken to excess, or to 
any great extent, they are highly pernicious to health. 
Scarcely less so are some of the popular temperance 
drinks, one of which is called soda water. What a 
mockery it is for the dispenser of this stomach-gnaw- 
ing slop to ask you, " What syrup will you have — 
vanilla, pine apple, strawberry, peach or raspberry?" 
Do you not know that these villainous compounds are 
born of chemicals of a poisonous nature, and that they 
do not contain even a particle of the fruits they are 
employed to represent '? Xo ; not even has a smile 
from luscious fruits consecrated these damnable decoy 
syrups. We shall shortly become a nation of poison 
eaters and drinkers, if we do not bestir ourselves, and 
be on our guard against those tricky, unconscionable 
persons who, for pelf, are ready to cheat and poison 
the people. As far as being a nation of poison drink- 
ers, there are those who assert this with emphasis, and, 
indeed, some go far to prove the charge true. I will 
not be so unreasonable as to declare these things ; but 
I can say that all of the alcoholic beverages of the day 



36 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

are poisonous, when used to excess ; that drunkenness 
is rampant, and that the drinking habits of society are 
the curse of our age and generation. Drunkenness is 
a moral and physical disease ; it has sent millions to 
premature and dishonored graves ; bankrupted thou- 
sands ; crowded our prisons, alms houses and asylums ; 
filled the world with pale widows and starving or- 
phans, and wrought more damning misery than pesti- 
lence, famine or war. It has left its impress upon 
thousands of parents, which passes to posterity, causing 
some to be born with unfortunate and destructive or- 
ganizations, stamping every act of their lives with the 
lowness of crime and sin. It fills our streets with 
brawls and profanity ; causes the murder of many in- 
nocent men, women and children, and brings glaring 
damnation to once happy homes. It is the precurser 
of prostitution ; the blaster of hopes ; the breaker of 
hearts; the destroyer of domestic peace; it is the 
li wife's woe and the children's sorrow." This hydra- 
headed monster is the " bane of all that is sweet in 
life ; the frost of the spring of man ; the sigh of his 
loudest laugh ; " the mocker of his joys and the echo 
of his wailings, and the dark cloud that overshadows 
prosperity's noonday sky. Parents through its in- 
fluence force their children to beg and steal, and thou- 
sands of boot-blacks and news boys to-day, in the cities 
of the world, run "in the streets half clad and half fed, 
who, when they go home at night, have what little 
they may have earned taken from them and spent for 
liquor by their inhuman parents. 

Some years ago, I was treating a little girl for pneu- 
monia. She was very sick and the family was quite 
destitute. On the fourth morning that I visited her 
I found her alone, not a soul to minister to her press- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 37 

ing wants. All the furniture, save the bedstead, to- 
gether with the dishes, etc., were smashed into small 
pieces and piled upon the floor. I asked her how it 
all happened, and she said : " Father came home drunk 
last night, whipped mother, broke up all the dishes 
and furniture, and was arrested and taken to the station 
house, and now mother is down trying to get him clear, 
if she can." I know of another whisky case where 
the mother died of apoplexy, superinduced by exces- 
sive drinking, leaving behind her, in poverty, a large 
family of children and a broken-hearted husband ; and 
so I might fill pages relating such scenes of my own 
observation. The constant use of alcoholic liquors 
produces disease of the liver, kidneys and of the ner- 
vous system. Delirium tremens, paralysis, apoplexy, 
insanity, disease of the heart and arteries, diseases of 
the skin, inability to resist epidemics or injuries, and 
spontaneous combustion, or catching fire from the breath, 
by coming in contact with a flame, and burning up. 
Cases of this kind are rare, it is true, yet such authors 
as Carpenter and others place the matter beyond ques- 
tion, by citing cases where the luminous and phosphores- 
cent appearance of the drunkard's breath renders it 
visible in the darkness. Carpenter thinks this lumi- 
nosity is due to the retention of phosphorus in the 
circulation, and to its being converted into a highly 
inflammable gas. Did time and space permit, I might 
talk to you for hours upon the physical changes exces- 
sive use of spiritous liquors produce in the system ; 
but enough has been said to suit my present purpose 
in showing the evils attendant upon the immoderate 
use of alcoholic stimulants, and that when such a fool- 
ish course is persisted in, fatal results must be the com- 
sequence in every case. Be ye temperate then in 



38 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

all things — in eating, drinking, sleeping, working. If 
yon obey this injunction your happiness will be very 
much increased in this world, and, as yon may believe, 
not lessened as far as the next is concerned. 

Habit of eating is of no light- significance touching 
health. It has much to do with our enjoying the min- 
utes devoted to taking our meals, the food itself, and 
the good we may derive from it in the way of nourish- 
ment. All Americans eat too fast, or as it is commonly 
termed, they bolt their food. 

An American and an Englishman were traveling to- 
gether by rail. A twenty' minutes stop was made at 
a way station, for dinner. The Englishman gave or- 
ders very deliberately and composedly for the dishes 
lie wished, but the American took what he could get, 
and was throwing the food into his stomach without 
proper mastication. He was in a great hurry, and his 
mind was evidently ill at ease ; seeing how deliberately 
his English friend was enjoying his meal, he remarked 
to him, " Hurry up and finish your dinner, or you will 
miss the train." The Englishman replied that he pre- 
sumed there Avould be another train going the same 
way sometime, and he preferred to wait for the next 
train and take his good time to eat his dinner. The 
American remarked that he must eat rapidly, as he 
could not spare the time to wait over. "My dear 
man/' said the Englishman, "you will have to spare 
the time to die, some day." Our Yankee friend bade 
the Englishman adieu, and urgently solicited him to 
call upon him on his return from the west. Upon his 
return, some six months later, he stopped off to visit 
his Yankee friend. The cemetery being near the 
depot, and seeing a funeral procession passing in, he 
thoughtlessly inquired who it was that was about to be 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 39 

interred, and, on learning that it was his quondam 
traveling companion, he said: "Ah! poor fellow, I 
knew he would ultimately kill himself by eating so 
rapidly. 7 ' 

If we were provided with a double stomach as the cat- 
tle are, we might eat very fast, and at our leisure belch 
the food up for re-chewing, as they do. Most Ameri- 
cans, especially business men, eat as if it were a mat- 
ter of business of a very disagreeable nature, and they 
hurry through the operation as rapidly as possible. 
Others eat as if it were a very solemn and sacred duty, 
clustering a sort of last supper owlishness about the 
act. They seem to regard it as a breach of morality 
to talk while eating. Others again, believe that the 
chiefest enjoyment of life consists in gormandizing — 
filling their stomachs to repletion, then pressing it 
down and eating more. But few people eat properly — 
eat so as to live and be healthy and happy. Many 
fashionable people regard it as vulgar and unrefined to 
eat in the presence of their children, at least until they 
are full grown. This is a grave error, and if a so- 
called etiquette prescribes this as a rule, that etiquette 
is damnable. It is no mean accomplishment to know 
how to eat in accordance with the demands of our 
being. This physical culture we must regard as an 
element in the training of our children, and we should 
practically teach them by example how to eat, by sit- 
ting down and eating at the same table with them, and 
always in our happiest mood. At table we should be 
cheerful, and our topics of conversation should be of 
the livliest and most genial character, elevating, in- 
structive and cheerful, never weighted down with 
wordly selfishness or the cares of business. Under no 
circumstances should your sick neighbor, death-bed 



40 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

scenes, or anything that tends to the melancholy, be in- 
troduced. Some parents who are good enough to eat 
with their little ones, are, on the other hand, foolish 
enough to seize the opportunity which the meal hour 
affords to chastise their little children for slight mis- 
demeanors or shortcomings. As a result of this, meal 
time is not a welcome hour to children. By this in- 
human practice their digestion is destroyed, and their 
lives are cursed to a greater or less extent. When to 
this barbarity is added the heathenish habit of oblig- 
ing children to partake of food that is distasteful to 
them, and that other, of threatening some deprivation 
or pain unless they eat all the food on their plates, 
thereby overloading their stomachs and often causing 
death — I say, when these things are practiced, even in 
this, our day of civilization, enlightenment and relig- 
ion, it is high time that every human effort be put forth 
to stop it. Mothers should never entrust the care of 
their children during meal times to servants or nurses; 
and this should be especially observed in the case of 
infants with respect to wet nurses. The kind of food, 
and, also, the quantity of the food given to children, 
plays an important part in their physical organization ; 
and if you wish your sons and daughters to grow up 
into stout and vigorous men and women, you must see 
to it that they get good, substantial food, properly 
cooked. The nasty habit of not a few mothers, af- 
flicted with bleeding gums, decayed teeth, and often 
with their saliva impregnated with tobacco, of first 
masticating the food for their babies, or cooling it in 
their mouths, to the great impurity of the food, is an 
outrage upon these helpless innocents. Poor little suf- 
ferers, they had better swallow the food without mas- 
tication at all, than be compelled to take into their lit- 



LIFE AX1> HYGIENE. 41 

tie stomachs such vile, disgusting, poisonous, disease- 
fostering stuff. Children, especially babies, should not 
be overfed, and great care should be exercised in the 
selection of their food. This, and kindred matters, I 
will fully explain in my lecture to women on Home. 
In that lecture I will show why the xoet nurse nuisance 
should be abolished. How can any mother know that 
•the wet nurse is free from all blood diseases, or other 
transmissible ailments ? Ah ! mothers, little do you 
know about the various causes of your children being 
delicate. Do devote a little time, and open wide your 
eyes to the laws and principles of life and health. 
Nearly all, if not all, of you go to church on the Sab- 
bath, once or twice at least — to regular service, mass or 
prayer meeting — in order that you may die in the fear 
of the Lord — piously and religiously — and whilst this 
is all proper and right, I ask, can you not also devote 
at least one hour each week to learn how to live and 
make home happy? Gentlemen, see to it that your 
wives and daughters have facilities for informing them- 
selves on these important matters, for the investment 
will pay eventually. 

This may be, and no doubt is, a digression from my 
subject, but, my friends, you will pardon me when I 
say to you that husbands and fathers should not con- 
sider wives and daughters purely as domestic beings, 
fit only to cook or care for the house, or as exotics or 
house-plants, to be petted and looked after as creatures 
incapable of taking care of themselves. Give your 
daughters the same opportunities you give your sons, 
that they may qualify themselves for fighting the bat- 
tles of life. How many hundreds, yes thousands, of 
wornen and young girls are to-day over the wash-tub,, 
or toiling in some factory, or worse than all else, aban- 



42 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

doned and damned forever, who can say, my brother is 
a physician, a lawyer, a merchant, a banker, an editor, 
a teacher, or a mechanic ; but my father thought girls 
did not need an education or a trade ; he died bank- 
rupt, and I am compelled to go at any kind of work I 
can get, and, being almost totally unfitted for anything, 
I can scarcely earn enough to keep me from starvation. 
Poor, unfortunate daughter, it were better she had 
never been born ! Young man, never marry a girl 
whom you do not consider your equal. Young lady, see 
that you marry a gentleman, one who believes women 
have souls; one who is not backward in accompanying 
you to places of public entertainment, and who is will- 
ing you should think and act for yourself, and not be 
the mere living echo of your husband. I hope to see 
the day when men will see the necessity of educating 
their daughters equally with their sons ; I hope to see 
the day when, universally, women shall have the op- 
portunities men have to study and practice medicine ; 
to practice law ; to lecture ; to vote and hold office, and 
be the equals of men on the broad basis of human 
rights. Let women of intellect have an equal oppor- 
tunity with men to acquire riches, honor and fame. 
Let all rise or fall according to* merit or demerit, re- 
gardless of sex. Away with your poetic twaddle of 
the vine clinging to the oak ! In an active practice of 
twenty years I have seen more oaks clinging to vines, 
than vines clinging to oaks. Indeed, I have seen the 
sturdy oaken husband, with an oaken heart, carrying 
baskets of clothes from neighbors' houses for their 
clinging vines of wives to wash, for their benefit. I 
have known them to condescend to saw and split the 
wood, return the clothes, when washed and ironed, and 
then wile away their odd hours in saloons, spending 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 43 

the money their wives have earned and given to them, 
or they have demanded or forcibly taken. Poor vines, 
how I pity you ! Methinks I hear some tobacco- 
chewing, whisky-guzzling, snuff-using, saloon loafer, 
say : " Wal, I believe women have more rights now 
than they orter have, and besides it will ruin 'em if 
they git to votin\ Our homes will be broken up ; our 
wives and daughters will come down to (our level) de- 
gradation and debauchery. They, too, will learn to 
chew, smoke, drink and tell vulgar stories in saloons, 
and become just like ourselves." Others are so solic- 
itous as to the moral well-being of women that they do 
not want the dear, blessed creatures to mingle in the 
dirty slough of politics. What, in the name of all that 
is good and great, is there in politics that is so degrad- 
ing? Is the political arena so vile, the deeds of poli- 
ticians so corrupt, and men generally so impure, that 
their very breath will wither and blight all that come 
within reach? If these be truths — yet women live 
with some of them — then, for those very reasons, I say 
let women have the ballot, that they may Aveed out and 
purify all evil doers. Who will dare deny that women 
are the great refiners and reformers? Then let her 
vote, that politics may become pure and good; that 
our land may be a free and noble country in deed and 
in truth. Let her vote, I say, that villainy shall be 
punished, justice be meted out to all, irrespective of sex, 
and that men shall be the equal of women, not their 
superiors ; and, in fine, that the last shackle of human 
slavery shall drop from off the hands and hearts of 
women — that our blessed mothers and sisters, wives 
and daughters, shall be, in deed and in fact, recognized 
as independent human beings. How T can any intelli- 
gent man entrust the care and moral training of his 



44 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

children to an inferior being ; one whom he regards as 
incapable of thinking or acting for herself; one, in 
short, who is but an animal of some tastes, and liable 
to be influenced for wrong by surroundings — a being 
without intellect, a fool, if you please. But, says one, 
" my wife is clever and well educated, yet I do not wish 
her to have the privilege of voting, which will, neces- 
sarily, oblige her to mix with vulgar men and women/' 
Women, I am sorry for you, if your husbands talk 
thus. Do they consider you incapable of preserving 
your dignity and defending your virtue ? Have they 
no faith in your identity, in your morals, in the good- 
ness that they know you possess ? Who are the guar- 
dian angels and protectors of our morals ? Are they 
the men, or the women ? Why is it that so many poor 
unfortunates daily and nightly crowd our streets ? Is 
it solely due to their own weak or vicious natures, or 
is it not due, in great part, to the damnable villainy of 
men? I am sorry to have to say it, but the responsi- 
bility for such wrecks is not confined to the young 
man, but it is traceable and attaches to gray hairs also. 
What punishment do these young and senile rascals 
usually undergo? these wretches who blast bright 
hopes ; these perpetrators of the most God-cursed 
crimes ; these robbers of the pure white lily of wo- 
man's chastity — that which when they touch they tar- 
nish, which they rob, but can not restore — why they go 
unwhipped of justice, assume an impudence that would 
make Satan blush, attend fashionable churches and 
social gatherings of our best — so-called — people, and 
hold high heads in the highways, while their victims 
are outcasts, loaded down with their shame and sin, 
wallowing in the mire of infamy, or dropping down 
into the shadow of death, "unwept, unhonored and 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 45 

unsung." The poisoned cup, the drunken debauch, or 
the pistol or dagger often brings about their sad end. 
They die without the consolations of religion, away 
from friends and home, and with no pure, familiar face 
to gaze upon ; no, only the leering and blood-shot eyes 
and bloated countenances of their wretched and de- 
praved companions. Oh ! a death so unholy, so lonely 
and so sad ! Oh ! how unnatural and hellish is the 
depraved, lustful passion of man ! Oh ! gentlemen, 
when you go to church you can pray for your sons and 
•daughters, and you should also pray at home ; but if 
you want to purify society and punish criminals — the 
worst that ever lived — give the ballot to women. They 
will punish the seducers, they know how, and they 
will aid the fallen women. They will reorganize so- 
ciety and stand up for God, humanity and right. May 
Almighty God bring such a converting influence to 
bear upon the hearts of men as will impel them to aid 
us in elevating to the plane of intended usefulness the 
women of our country. May His providence hasten 
this reform, as the mother of reforms, much needed in 
all stations of society. 

This subject, while in some respects it is not foreign 
to the object of this lecture, I will leave to those who 
can and do devote to it the attention it so richly de- 
serves. 

I will here take the opportunity to say to you, ladies 
and gentlemen, that if you wish to enjoy life while in 
this world, learn to retain or regain health, by ac- 
quainting yourselves with the laws that govern your 
being. How common it is for people in good health to 
say, " I do not wish to spend money on things I know 
nothing about ; when sick T will employ a physician, 
but I do not need to become a doctor myself." 



46 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

You can learn very much of physiology and anat- 
omy, and how to preserve your health, and yet 
lack much of being physicians; but the advantage you 
will have is, that you will be better qualified to select 
physicians when you have occasion for them. By 
acquainting yourselves with the laws of life you 
will be better prepared to nurse the sick, adminis- 
ter medicines and note their effect. It is often neces- 
sary to diminish the dose of medicine prescribed, or 
increase the duration of time between doses, especially 
when certain results have been brought about, or spe- 
cial ends obtained. It is sometimes injurious to con- 
tinue the use longer in the doses at first prescribed ; 
therefore, if you are informed in these respects, you 
can greatly aid your physician and benefit the patient 
by thus exercising your knowledge in a judicious man- 
ner. Many persons conclude in their own minds that 
it is only the physicians who travel that are quacks. 
This wholesale accusation I must dispute, but I am 
willing to admit that there are men, yes, many travel- 
ing, who style themselves physicians, who are quacks 
and impostors, and who know nothing about the science 
of medicine or the anatomy of the human system. But 
men equally deficient in knowledge, professional, scien- 
tific and literary, you have in almost every city, vil- 
lage or cross-roads, and these you call doctor this and 
surgeon that. The located charlatan is worse than the 
perambulating quack. What little he does know, even 
to the unsuccessful effort he makes to write his own 
name, he gets by absorption. These are the impostors 
who aspire to a knowledge of the supernatural ; who 
go into trances and forthwith commune with the spirit 
of some departed " Medicine Man " of some tribe of red 
men of the forest. These are the fortunate fellows who, 



LIFE AX!D HYGIEXE. 47 

when children, were captured by Indians, grew up in ig- 
norance among these untutored savages, but, fortunately 
before escaping, made some wonderful herb discoveries ! 
Fellows of this ilk are those who but yesterday quit 
the factory, the plow, the work-bench, or the hod, and,, 
without preparation or fitness, begin the practice of 
medicine, which, in their case, is to begin to trifle with 
human life. You all know of some such men. Alas I 
like the Irishman's bad weather, they are everywhere. 
Some of these destroyers of precious life ; these pirates 
who use a friendly signal to allure the pain-racked pa- 
tient, shipwrecked upon the merciless ocean of disease ; 
these unconscionable wretches who desire an easy liv- 
ing and plenty of money, all wrung from the poor and 
suffering ones — I say some of these illiterate, brazen, ig- 
norant scoundrels advertise to cure all cases of consump- 
tion, Bright' s disease and cancers ; and, as if friendly 
fate would have them betray their ignorance, for the 
benefit of the public, they put on their signs, " Curers 
of Sores." Oh ! what a libel these wretches are upon 
the noble profession of medicine. Next to these, but, 
thank God, higher up in the scale of knowledge 
and manhood, are the men with their diplomas, who sit 
around grocery stores and street corners whittling sticks 
and boxes, — when they should be studying, — watch- 
ing for opportunities to get acquainted, and as soon as 
some wealthy farmer or other moneyed man is pre- 
sented, they take him or them in tow, urge them to 
come to their offices, where their diplomas are spread 
before them, with the innocent remark, that parch- 
ments from such colleges of great note are very scarce 
in this section of the country. Such men may know 
a thing or two, but they are as anxious to have it 



48 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

known as is the little boy to show his bran new pocket- 
knife. 

Then yon find another class of medical gentlemen, 
who talk and move as if run by machinery. They 
ask you questions, and exclaim at every reply, Ah ! 
yes ! or grunt and look into space, assuming a philo- 
sophical and owlish attitude, as much as to say, Do you 
perceive how profound is my knowledge. If another 
physician precede them in the management of a case, 
they will, when called, in his absence, taste and smell 
the medicines, and if not vulgar enough to denounce 
the remedies outright as poisonous stuffs, they will 
shake their heads, shrug their shoulders, or throw the 
bottles or powders out, at the same time expressing 
their great surprise over the very erroneous diagnosis 
of Dr. B. — a man of such wide reputation, and in a 
case so very evident as this one is ; or, after they have 
prescribed and differed as to the diagnosis, they will 
then say that it would have been better for you to have 
called them in consultation, as they would willingly 
help a stranded brother out when he got hold of a case 
he could not manage. All such men, ladies and gentle- 
men, are quacks, impostors, polished thieves and liars ; 
they are also contemptible cowards, inasmuch as they 
stab their professional brethren in the back without 
giving them an opportunity for self-defense. 

There is a class of men and women in every com- 
munity who change physicians every few days, or at 
least each time that they have sickness in their fami- 
lies. They love to display all the medicines to the 
doctor that the physicians preceding him prescribed. 
This enables the trickstering proselyter to taste and 
smell the remedies, and shake his head, as if to say, 
" it is barely time you ceased giving this vile stuff." 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 49 

Thereby giving them encouragement to use their vul- 
gar and slanderous tongues on the physicians they are 
indebted to, as a recompense for their professional 
services. 

These are the ones who love to deride and abuse the 
profession — especially the physician they have just dis- 
charged — in public places; that class remind me of 
the regular boarder "who never misses a meal, and 
never pays a cent." They are the first to send for a 
physician when sick, demanding his closest attention, 
but never pay their bills ; these are they who croak 
about the doctors killing more than they cure. To 
illustrate the character of these inhuman beings, I will 
give you an instance from my own experience. Some 
years ago whilst I was practicing in the country, I arose 
about four o'clock in the morning, to make my rounds, 
which consisted of about thirty miles of riding. A 

Mr. L sent his son for me in great haste, to see a 

child whom they considered quite ill. I told the boy 
I could not possibly go, as I had already too much to 
attend to that day, and advised him to send for Dr. 

"W . I returned home at eleven o'clock that night 

and was informed that I must visit Mr. L imme- 
diately, as the child was dangerously ill. I had to 
ride three miles farther and open three fences to get to 
his house, which I did, to find it in darkness and the 

inmates fast asleep. I aroused Mr. L and asked 

him how he could so outrage me for nothing ; he re- 
sponded by rubbing his eyes and saying, "I w-a-s 
a-f-r-a-i-d t-h-e b-a-b-y h-a-d w-o-r-m-s." He never 
paid his bill. 

I have, in this lecture, given you at least the gen- 
eral requisites to the preservation of health, and the 
4 



50 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

essential observances which are concomitants, with 
hygienic advice how to regain it when lost. You have 
observed, no doubt, that I have made manifest the 
necessity of your having good physicians ; the impor- 
tance of frequent bathing, and how iilthiness fosters 
disease; that old age and youth are incompatible in 
marriage ; and that when either of the married pair 
are afflicted with a transmissible malady, the other 
also, and even their offspring are in imminent peril ; 
that the "rights" and the "wrongs" - of women are 
grave and engrossing issues in themselves, and especi- 
ally so when the education of the daughter is not re- 
garded as of equal importance with that of the son. 

Improper and proper habits of eating and sleeping, 
ventilation, open air exercise and sunshine, the effects 
of cold winters upon the aged people, and of the in- 
temperate use of alcoholic stimulants upon all, medical 
quacks, regular and irregular, illiterate and commonly 
educated, have each and all received the attention that 
I have regarded as quite proper. Other matters, of 
lesser weight, I have glanced at in passing, giving in- 
struction here and advice there, as I have deemed best 
and necessary. 

For particularization and detail, I shall have to re- 
fer you to my regular course of lectures on stated top- 
ics. It can not be expected that I be other than gen- 
eral here ; and if I have but succeeded in awakening 
your interest in the God-established laws that govern 
our being in health and life, I shall deem myself as 
sufficiently rewarded. 



J.IFE AND HYGIENE. 51 



THE TEMPERAMENTS AND MENTAL HYGIENE. 



A knowledge of the temperaments should be taught 
in all schools, both public and private, as an acquaint- 
ance of them enables us to read the book of nature, 
and know the character and disposition of those with 
whom we come in contact. It is a knowledge all 
should possess, to aid in choosing partners for life, or 
business, and how to deal with all mankind ; a knowl- 
edge which, if possessed and properly applied, would, 
to a great extent, do away with divorces, and aid 
the entire human family to live more happily. It 
would acquaint all more intimately with their faults, 
and indicate the best course to pursue to correct them. 
All teachers in schools should be proficient in the tem- 
peraments in order to manage their pupils to the best 
possible advantage. As no two children have exactly 
the same temperament, or admixture of temperaments, 
it follows that each child differs from every other. For 
practical purposes we divide the temperaments into 
four classes, or orders, three of which are common in 
youth ; the fourth belongs to middle life and old age. 
We have : 

1. The vital. 3. The mental. 

2. The motive. 4. The lymphatic. 
Or, as most writers class them : 

1. Lymphatic. 3. Bilious. 

2. Sanguine. 4. Nervous. 

The vital temperament is the one peculiar to child- 
hood, but, unfortunately, many do not possess it; it is 



52 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



the full blooded, fleshy child, or adult with a good cir- 
culation and good digestion that possess it ; it is often 
called sanguine ; where this temperament predominates 




VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
Israel Putnam. 



they are not good students. They are lithe and gay, 
love fun and despise coercion and the school-room 5 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 53 

they are better suited by light callings, where they do not 
have to exert themselves too much, such as landlords, 
superintendents of large factories or railroads. They 
prefer to be bosses and let others exercise their brain 
and musle, while they take their ease. Such children, 
if coerced too much, will not learn as rapidly as if 
given more liberty ; close confinement to them is greater 
punishment than the rod. 




MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 
Peter Cooper, of New York, the Philanthopist. 

The motive temperament (bilious) is the one with 
large and often long bones, rough and angular in ap- 
pearance, and usually awkward, but tough and wiry, 
with muscles and ligaments like iron. Such persons 



54 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

can endure great hardships and abuse, and resist dis- 
ease. They prefer work of any kind to study, and where 
this temperament predominates they must study hard 
to acquire knowledge ; but where the mental and mo- 
tive are prominent in combination, as in Peter Cooper, 
they make men and women of great power and force 
of character for good or evil. Children of the motive 
temperament are usually considered drones by their 
teachers, and are often disliked and punished on ac- 
count of their organization, for which they are in no 
way responsible. 

The mental temperament is known by the large head, 
with small body and little ribbons of muscles, nervous, 
excitable, and more inclined to study than to work. 
They rather dislike work, at least heavy work, it being 
as great an annoyance to them as study is to those of 
motive temperament. Thus you see why it is that 
some children love to study, but hate to saw wood ; 
whilst others love to work, but very much dislike to 
study. Children of the mental temperament need re- 
straint in study, and should be taught to take physical 
exercise to develop muscles and build up constitutions, 
to give them the physical force they so much need • 
but the kind and amount of exercise must be suited to 
each case, and never be carried to excess, lest the ex- 
ercise prove disastrous in the place of beneficial. 

Then we have various grades or combinations of 
three temperaments, all of which will require some 
study to manage and understand thoroughly. I hope 
the day is not far distant when every school teacher 
will be required to pass a rigid examination in the tem- 
peraments, and that this science will be classified and 
taught in our public and private schools, and be con- 
sidered j^s of importance alike with grammar, mathe- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



55 



matics or history. Let us teach our children to know 
themselves, and to correct their defects while young. 







MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 

Chakles Dickens. 



A knowledge of the various branches taught in schools, 
morals included, are not sufficient qualifications for any 



56 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



teacher. They should be amply qualified to read from 
the book of nature what they have to deal with, and 
the manner in which each little one's heart shall be 
reached, their weak points cultivated and their vicious 
natures subdued. Teachers require such organizations 
as will give them power and self-control sufficient for 
them to put their own knowledge to use in controlling 
and managing their pupils. I tell you, ladies and gen- 
tlemen, much depends upon the teachers, as well as 




LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 
Louis the xviii.. of France. 



upon the parents' efforts what kind of men and women 
our children will develop into when • grown ; and 
much, yes, very much, depends upon the parents what 
kind of a being they procreate. In my lecture on 
phrenology I shall fully explain what I here allude to 
in connection with procreation. 

The lymphatic temperament is the phlegmatic tem- 
perament of the ancients. This temperament is due 
to a predominance of the lymphatic system. The lym- 
phatics convey the lymph from all parts of the body, dis- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 57 

charging it into the subclavian veins, whence it is con- 
veyed to the heart ; the undue preponderance of lymphat- 
ics leads to an excessive secretion of watery fluids of the 
body, and a consequent dilution of the blood, resulting 
in a sluggish circulation and a clogging up of the vital 
functions. The muscles burdened continuously become 
relaxed or flabby ; the action of the heart is slow, and 
the brain, not being properly supplied with blood, is 
not fitted for active mental labor. Such persons are 
lazy, or disinclined to work, either mentally or physi- 
cally. It might very properly be called a diseased 
condition or temperament. 

Children when not at school should not be com- 
pelled to continually perform some sort of labor or 
drudgery. They need and must have recreation and 
sport; let them run and jump in the open air; see 
how the young colt or lamb frisks and runs. It is the 
nature of the young to be full of life and fun ; see 
that they have a goodly share while they are young 
and can enjoy it. Stop this gossip about making them 
pay for their raising ; they were not consulted about their 
coming into this world to be a charge or an expense, 
and it is your duty to give them every advantage to 
develop into model men and women, not nabobs or 
dandies. Let them have a time for work, a time for 
play, a time for study and a time for rest. Never over- 
task your children ; it is a sin and an outrage upon 
innocent and helpless childhood. I tell you, fathers 
and mothers, if you want your children to treat you 
well when you are aged and gray, and your second 
childhood is dawning upon you, set them good ex- 
amples while they are children. Too many parents 
are compelled to do as Will Carleton has portrayed to 
us so beautifully and pathetically, in one of his ballads. 



-58 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

I am almost led to believe that most of such cases are 
due to the treatment they get when they could not help 
but submit to the harsh and brutal commands of their 
inhuman parents. If children's affections Avere culti- 
vated by kindness, and their selfish propensities re- 
strained, almost all, even those with unfortunate or- 
ganizations, might be brought to such a state of man- 
hood and womanhood as to have due respect for their 
parents, and to honor and protect them in their declin- 
ing years. Remember the advice given in Holy Writ : 
" Train up a child in the way he should go, and when 
he is old he will not depart from it." I will admit 
that many children are born with such unfortunate de- 
velopments that no kind of training will make good 
men and women of them, but their natures can be bet- 
tered. If you wish to know why it is that parents 
who are, in themselves, circumspect and good citizens, 
frequently have such wayward children, notwithstand- 
ing they have made efforts to bring them up properly, 
read my lectures on phrenology. 

Parents, there is more responsibility upon your 
shoulders than most of you are aware of, and it is im- 
portant to you and your posterity that you fully un- 
derstand the laws of your being, in respect to your 
parental duties, in order that your children may not be 
cursed with organizations inferior to your. own. The 
tendency to certain diseases varies in different temper- 
aments. The motive temperament is tough, tenacious, 
and not predisposed to disease, but has its weak points 
and predispositions to certain forms of functional de- 
rangements. The predisposition of this temperament, 
especially of the dark variety, is to biliousness and 
stomach troubles, which are often favored by improper 
living, diet, and residing in malarial districts. Persons 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 59 

of the motive temperament, especially of the dark 
variety, should avoid very stimulating diet, alcoholic 
stimulants, and smoking and chewing tobacco. They 
are apt to expose themselves, and take a delight in 
making a display of their strength, often to their de- 
triment. 

The vital temperament is the one we envy, on ac- 
count of their healthy looks, rosy cheeks and good cir- 
culation ; but they, too, have their predispositions to 
certain kinds of disease, such as congestive and inflam- 
matory fevers, hemorrhages, apoplexy, rheumatism 
and acute diseases of the heart. All these diseases 
usually run their course rapidly. Persons of this 
temperament are ardent lovers, warm-hearted, mirth- 
ful, love good living and drinking and an abundance 
of pleasure. To restrain, where this temperament is 
too prominent or perverted, .they must take plenty of 
exercise, both mental and physical, and eat diet of a 
non-stimulating character, and avoid alcoholic stimu- 
lants of all kinds. 

Persons of the mental temperament are usually thin 
and pale, with great nervous excitability, and are 
usually looked upon as persons of poor health, when, 
in reality, they are more tenacious, and usually live 
longer than those of the vital temperament. They are 
generally very studious and learn rapidly, and love 
mental labor much more than physical labor. The 
diseases peculiar to such temperaments are of the ner- 
vous and spasmodic character, such as headache, neu- 
ralgia, sleeplessness, indigestion, tremors, palpitations 
of the heart, insanity and other nervous affections. 
Children of this temperament usually have convul- 
sions when they are afflicted with fever. To re- 
strain this temperament, it is necessary to cease study- 



60 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ing too much, take plenty of rest, sleep, and nutritious 
food. It is ruinous to overtask children of this tem- 
perament in their studies, and. yet it is usually the 
case that teachers induce such children to greater ef- 
forts, and they often fall victims to their own am- 
bitions and the unjust urging of foolish or incompetent 
and ignorant teachers. I have frequently stood at the 
bed-side of such children when they were delirious with 
fever, and invariably have found them fretting over a 
problem in mathematics, parsing sentences in grammar, 
or worrying over some of their studies. They scarcely 
ever speak of their plays ; and so they die from over- 
worked brains, poor, unfortunate children ! What a 
shame it is that even parents and teachers do not know 
how to guide them aright ! We frequently hear the 
remark : Johnny or Mamie was too clever, smart, to 
live. Yes, where children are under the care and tui- 
tion of incompetent teachers and parents, or guardians, 
it is frequently the case that such children die from too 
close application. 

DEDUCTIONS. 

Health is the natural state of all temperaments, and 
disease the abnormal. What is necessary to retain 
good health is an observance of nature's laws, and a 
rigid conformity to her requirements. All should pos- 
sess a sufficient knowledge of their organizations, 
physically and mentally, to enable them to live in ac- 
cordance with those laws. Health is that condition 
in which all of the organs of the body are working in 
harmony, each performing its office, normally and 
physiologically. When any organ fails to perform its 
office to the fullest extent, we soon find the indications 
of a pathological condition, or a departure from health. 
Air and physical exercise are essential to health. If 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 61 

you wish your children to develop as nature intended 
they should, let them romp out of doors in fair weather ; 
let them have the tonic influence of the sun's rays ; do 
not keep them housed up ; have their bed-rooms airy 
and cheerful ; let the sun's rays penetrate them every 
day when he is not obscured by clouds. Too many fam- 
ilies keep their houses like prisons, constantly closed, 
and the rooms darkened to keep out the rays of the great 
chemist and purifier, lest he might change the color of 
the carpet, or perchance a little dust might replace the 
fungoid growth of mildew, which, in many houses, is 
ever present, which you can smell as soon as you enter 
the room. Better be able to write your name in the 
dust upon the piano every day, than to have the damp- 
ness and mould in your rooms. People who live in 
dark and badly ventilated rooms are ancemic, bloodless, 
have weak eyes and weak constitutions ; they are of no 
force or use in life ; they are liable to contract consump- 
tion or scrofula, and are susceptible to contagious dis- 
eases. The plant if deprived of the chemistry of the 
sun does not have its green color, or, if in a room with 
but one place for sunlight to enter, see how it inclines 
to the window whence it gets the light of the sun. 

The young lady who is thin, pale and nervous ; who 
faints from excitement, or goes into spasms when an 
innocent beetle is found perched upon her clothing ; 
such poor, half-developed beings, dwarfed for want of 
physical culture, and the free use of their bodies in the 
open air, under God's shining sun — I say such beings 
are failures in this busy world. They can never make 
good wives or mothers ; they are no good to themselves, 
and certainly they are not to any one else. They have 
not benefited the world or society by having existed ; 
life to them has been, or will be, a failure ; their room 



62 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

is better than their company ; and yet, how common it 
is for parents to teach such children to shun work or 
exercise, thereby cutting off every avenue to physical 
development and mental power. Parents, see that 
your delicate children are not indulged in their dislike 
for physical exercise, and, wKen put to work, that they 
do not overwork themselves, lest the effort prove a 
failure and more than they can bear. The various 
temperaments and combinations of temperaments of 
each child should be understood, and their general 
health considered, so as to regulate each child's stud- 
ies, physical exercise, diet and clothing to the various 
needs, in accordance with nature's laws and demands. 
For a treatise on the temperaments I would recom- 
mend that of D. H. Jacques, M. D. ; and on physi- 
ognomy, that of S. R. Wells. On phrenology, " Phren- 
ology Proved, Illustrated and Applied," and " Educa- 
tion and Self-Improvement, Complete," by O. S. Fow- 
ler ; also, Combes' " System of Phrenology." He that 
sneers, ignores or laughs at phrenology and physiog- 
nomy, simply disbelieves in that much of the fixed 
laws of nature, which it were well for him if he un- 
derstood and obeyed, and more especially so for the 
benefit of his posterity. In concluding this lecture on 
the temperaments, let me urge all my readers to inves- 
tigate more fully phrenology and the temperaments, 
and obey the procreative laws, with a view of improv- 
ing our race as taught by those sciences. 

[Note. — All of the above mentioned works on phrenology and 
physiognomy, and the temperaments, and many not named, may 
be obtained from Messrs. Fowler & Wells, 753 Broadway, New 
York.] 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 63 



PHRENOLOGY. 



While there are those who are disbelievers in phren- 
ology in every particular, the masses of reading and 
observing people believe in it in a general way; in 
fact, I may say a respectable minority believe in it as 
a science ; and correct in detail as far as understood. 
It is not claimed by its advocates that phrenology has 
been fully and thoroughly investigated and understood ; 
indeed, it is yet in its infancy. It is a science that all 
should endeavor to get a fair understanding of in con- 
nection with the temperaments. They teach man to 
know himself, and protect himself against himself as 
well, for it is well known to all that the greatest, most 
wily and dangerous enemy man has is himself. 
Phrenology teaches husband and wife to know each 
other ; it teaches parents to understand their children, 
and how to suppress all vicious or evil propensities, 
and how to cultivate such qualities as are deficient ; it 
teaches us how to detect the vicious and dangerous, 
the hypocrite and the thief. 

Every young man and young girl should investigate 
this science, and thus be enabled to read character 
from the book of nature. If such information were 
possessed by all, the courts would no longer be crowded 
with divorces, murder and arson would be less fre- 
quent, and Christianity and virtue would not have to 
battle so strenuously against vice and crime. 

When the laws of nature are more fully understood 
and obeyed, with reference to procreation ; when, in 



64 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



fact, the masses of humanity fully realize that the 
human animal is subject to certain fixed laws, as well 
as the lower animals, and that, by understanding and 
obeying certain laws, their progeny may be bettered, 




or deteriorated by the acts of the parents, we shall see' 
the race improved. I would impress it upon you that 
when the time arrives when man shall be educated 
fully in those fundamental principles in our natures, 
the dawn of man's intellectual existence will have ar- 
rived ; that period, of which we read in holy writ, will 
have been born — that period in the cycle of time called 
the millennium will then be present. Yes, ladies and 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 65 

gentlemen, when that time arrives it will be not only 
impolitic but considered a crime also for children to 
be born into the world with vicious or immoral traits 
whose parents are not vicious themselves. The book 
of nature, God's handiwork, says : " Procreate your 
race in accordance with my laws, both mentally, 
morally and physically, and your children shall de- 
velop into men and women of great physical strength 
and beauty, and mental and moral ability." Jails 
and penitentiaries will no longer be needed, and 
the scaffold will be robbed of its victims and be talked 
of as a relic of barbarism, which it justly is, as it is 
not adequate punishment for the murderer, and is only 
adding another to the list of the murdered. What 
does the Bible mean where it says : " Take not that 
which you can not give." Can you give back life, or 
;an you give it at all ? 

Great strides have been made in the past, are being, 
md will be made in the future in all the sciences, but 
am sorry to say, but little has been done by the masses 
pertaining to the improvement of our race. When 
man has the boldness to touch upon matters pertain- 
ing to the improvement of man, or upon the laws of 
procreation, and the influence of the mental and phys- 
ical condition of the parents at the immediate time 
that procreation takes place, they are denounced, or 
their theories are trampled upon. 

Why should man frown upon any writer who wishes 
bring nature's laws before the people relative to the 
>est mode of improving oar race, when to understand 
nature aright will assist in banishing immorality and 
vice from our earth ? Many deny that the mental im- 
pressions of the parents at the time a being is pro- 
5 



6Q THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

created will have an influence upon their progeny, 
but that such is a fact is as true as the book of nature, 
and the very mental influences that are at work upon 
the minds of the parents, for good or evil, will fre- 
quently be transmitted to their children procreated 
under these influences. I doubt if any one who is a 
believer in holy writ will dare deny my assertion, for 
we read in the Bible of influences being exerted upon 
the brute creation when Laban gave Leah to Jacob for 
a wife when he had served seven years for Rachel ; after 
deceiving him, Laban proposed that he serve seven 
years more for Rachel, and in order to pacify him, of- 
fered what he believed to be a slim chance for compen- 
sation. He told him that all the spotted cattle should 
be his. Jacob being better posted in nature's laws 
than Laban was, took advantage of this knowledge, by 
putting spotted rods at the bottom of the watering 
trough, and kept the females from the males and away 
from the water until they were very thirsty ; in this 
condition he allowed them to mingle at the trough. As 
they could see the rods at the bottom, they conveyed 
the impression that the water was spotted. This prac- 
tice Jacob continued, so that each time the thirsty fe- 
males came to the trough they saw what seemed to be 
a spotted fluid, which evidently made a strong im- 
pression upon them, and resulted in producing spotted 
cattle, to the great financial gain of Jacob. Thus you 
see, that as far back as Jacob's day a knowledge existed 
of the laws of nature in relation to the influence of 
mental impressions being transmitted to the offspring. 
Fowler cites cases where evil natures were transmitted 
to children when the parents were under evil influences 
at the time procreation took place. I have myself traced 
the vicious habits of children to the abandoned habits 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 67 

of parents at the time the children were procreated, the 
unfortunate children being born inferior to both parents 
intellectually and morally, with an increase of the sel- 
fish and animal propensities. It is of the utmost im- 
portance that all should study the laws of nature in 
relation to the best way to improve our race. Procre- 
ation should never be permitted to take place when the 
mind of one or both parents is disturbed, either through 
anger, sorrow or despondency; the feelings of each 
parent should be wrought up to the highest state of 
perfection of both mental and moral activity, in order 
that all that is vicious or immoral in either be sup- 
pressed as much as possible, and all that is good, moral 
and elevating be intensified. By such a course, the 
human race could be greatly improved, and attain to a 
greater state of perfection, intellectually, morally and 
physically. "Were man to understand himself better, 
and obey nature's laws more strictly, ere long our world 
would be blessed with a superior race of beings ; misery 
and crime would be classed as relics of a semi-savage 
or ignorant race. 

I trust that all I have said may put you to thinking 
upon, and lead you to investigate, this matter, of so 
much importance to the future generations of this earth ; 
it is time we should begin to look nature squarely in 
the face instead of evading her appeals. Nature's laws 
are fixed and immutable by the God who rules over all ; 
and if so, why should false modesty or false teachings 
deter us from learning all we can pertaining to the laws 
that govern our lives, and thereby assist in shaping our 
destinies, for greater perfection and happiness, both 
here and hereafter? Why should we look upon the 
procreative act as being purely accidental, or "the will 
of God? Does God will that bad men and women 



68 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

should be born ? When we recognize the importance 
of investigating and obeying nature's laws with respect 
to the improvement of our stock, or of utilizing elec- 
tricity in disease, and in telegraphy, or in the illum- 
ination of our cities, then why not also learn and obey 
her laws with respect to our organizations ? I presume 
before long all light-houses on the lakes and the mighty 
oceans will be made to glow with electricity, as suns, 
to warn all mariners as they plow the mighty deep, 
of the dangers that await them beneath its foaming bil- 
lows. 

When we look back a century and recount the won- 
derful discoveries made by man of nature's laws in 
chemistry, astronomy, and the mighty achievements 
of mechanism and of art, we are led to exclaim, What 
wondrous things God has stored away for our investi- 
gation ! And when, in the race of life, we stop for a 
brief moment, let us give ourselves a thought, and study 
a little relative to the wonderful procreative laws which 
alone are worthy of our deepest and most earnest 
consideration. When man has polluted his blood 
with a constitutional disease, pathologists and nature 
teach us that his children must and shall have to bear 
the curse of this physiological sin, and if so, how can 
w T e expect, if man pollutes his mind with infamy, in- 
trigue, villainy or murderous intent, or poisons his 
brain with alcoholic stimulants or tobacco, and in that 
state procreates a new being, that it can possibly result 
in anything but disaster to the unfortunate being pro- 
created under those unfavorable circumstances ! The 
greatest evangelists to the human race in the futare 
will be the philanthropists who will travel over the earth 
and teach how to procreate good men and women in 
accordance with nature's laws, and thus aid Christian- 



LIFE AN1> HYGIENE. 69 

ity and scientists in revolutionizing the world and 
making humanity what the God of nature intended they 
should be. 

There are those who denounce Phrenology and Phys- 
iognomy, and claim that they clash with religion, and 
yet those same persons profess to judge people and their 
characters by their looks, and should an acquaintance 
commit a felony or a murder they are ready at once to 
say, " I always thought he was a bad man ; his looks 
were enough to convict any one." 

If phrenology and physiognomy are simply the im- 
aginings of foolish or speculating men, then why 
attempt to judge men by their looks? Does conver- 
sion transform the lines of the face, the low and re- 
ceding forehead, and wide head with the heavy jaw, 
and hang-dog look, to the high and narrow-headed 
man or woman whose veneration and faith point heav- 
enward as a church steeple, and whose causality, com- 
parison and benevolence give great fullness and prom- 
inence to the forehead? No, it certainly does not. 
There is not the slightest doubt that the immoral and 
badly organized man or woman who resolves to do 
right and cease all evil habits, will soon change in ap- 
pearance. The harsh, offensive lines will soon mellow 
down ; the soulless and abandoned look of the eye will 
be replaced by one of more expression of manhood or 
womanhood ; and while those with unevenly balanced 
brains and temperaments, with a deficiency of venera- 
tion, faith and benevolence, as also the reflectives, have 
less ability to resist the encroachments of the world, 
the flesh and the devil, than those of a more fortunate 
organization, it nevertheless is a fact, that all who are 
not born idiots, can subdue their passions and evil 
tendencies if they have any will power whatever. That 



70 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

it is easier for some to be Christians or moral men and 
women than others, I think no sane person will doubt ; 
and such being the case, we should strive to dissemi- 
nate such knowledge as will enable the entire human 
race to fully realize that it is their duty to observe. all 
laws of nature and of God in the procreative act, that 
a purer, better and more hardy race of men and wo- 
men may be brought into existence, and the world 
made better and wiser, and Christ's aim and end* ac- 
complished by making all mankind pure and good. 
Then deformity, idiocy and viciousness will be classed 
as curses resulting from inexcusable ignorance of fixed 
laws. Consumption and scrofula will be looked upon 
as vices or the results of vice, or the neglect of hygienic 
laws, and syphilis will be classed with crime, and those 
contracting it constitutionally will be debarred from 
marrying, as they should be, for it is one of the great- 
est curses known to mankind, which will be fully ex- 
plained in my lecture on syphilis. 

I shall not weary you further with phrenology or 
temperaments, but will, in closing, impress upon your 
minds that the mental, physical and moral conditions of 
both parents at the time of the procreative act has much 
to do with the physical, mental and moral condition of 
the offspring. A drunken father will or may transmit 
all his baser qualities to his offspring, even intensified, 
and the intellectual and moral faculties inferior to 
his own, or perhaps totally deficient. Vicious parents 
beget vicious children, indolent parents beget indolent 
children, and mothers pregnant under great terror, fear 
or grief for a great length of time, will bring forth 
weakly, delicate children. The poet [Frank Leslie's 
Popular Monthly] "Alfred de Mussett was the son of 
an old and noble race, and was born on the 11th of 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 71 

December, 1810, in a street near the Hotel Cluny. He 
-was a delicate and nervous child from birth ; he writes : 
'During the wars of the empire, whilst the husbands 
and brothers were in Germany, sad mothers brought 
into the world of France a sickly, pale, nervous gen- 
eration. Born between two battles, educated at col- 
lege, hundreds of children looked about them with a 
frightened glance and tried their feeble muscles.' " 

Thus you see the French poet illustrates the influ- 
ence of one parent bowed down with grief, whilst the 
other had his brain wrought up to battle, victory or 
death, bringing into life a nation of delicate, combative, 
excitable and war-loving people. 

I entreat of you to investigate phrenology for the 
benefit of yourselves and your children. Each human 
being has his or her sign, showing his or her nature, 
good or bad ; and if you study how to read character 
from those three stand-points, viz. : temperaments, phys- 
iognomy and phrenological developments, you may 
never be deceived in people ; at least but very seldom, 
for you can see the handwriting of nature in the face and 
the shape of the head of each living soul, and be enabled 
to form pretty correct conclusions as to the good or bad 
qualities of those with whom you come in contact. Each 
one of us shows to the man or woman posted on nature's 
laws, with reference to temperaments, phrenology and 
physiognomy, what he is. "We can not hide it, however 
much we would like to so do. You should all under- 
stand nature in respect to those things, that you may 
be better qualified to know yourselves, and especially 
your own offspring, and discern their weak points and 
correct them. There is really nothing in nature of 
greater importance to mankind in the perpetuation of 
the human species ; all mankind should know how to 



72 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

procreate or bring into the world children mentally 
and physically sound and well balanced. 

Let us study nature's laws and obey them, and ere 
many generations have passed away the human race 
will so far outstrip the present race, that we shall be 
regarded as pigmies when compared with them. We 
are rapidly advancing in scientific discoveries and me- 
chanical inventions, and it is high time we should study 
more about ourselves and the laws governing our or- 
ganizations. If we obey nature's laws, our children may 
be born superior to us in intellectual and physical power 
and endurance ; then with the proper culture and phys- 
ical training, we may have the blessed gratification of 
seeing our children develop into good and useful men 
and women, with strong physical and mental organiza- 
tions, thus enabling them to fight the battles of life on 
the side of justice and humanity, stamping vice and 
crime under their feet. 

I tell you fathers, and mothers, and those of you who 
contemplate establishing a household, there is a great 
responsibility devolving upon you. With a proper 
knowledge of the laws of life, and an observance of the 
same, future generations of the earth may far supersede 
the present, in goodness of heart, mental capacity, phys- 
ical perfection and powers of endurance, while the re- 
verse will be the result of vicious practices by parents. 
Drunkenness begets children who often become drunk- 
ards, or who have a great appetite for alcohol. They 
also beget idiots and those predisposed to insanity. And 
why ? Because the moral, intellectual and reasoning 
part of the brain is stupefied with alcoholic poisons, 
while the animal part is stimulated and doubly active. 
The mental and physical condition of both parents dur- 
ing the immediate procreative act, often stamps the new 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 73 

being for good or evil tendencies, for physical and in- 
tellectual strength or weakness. The condition and 
surroundings of the mother during gestation have also 
a mighty influence over the unborn. All prospective 
mothers should be treated with gentleness, care and so- 
licitude ; their every little whim should be gratified ; all 
harsh words suppressed, cheerful surroundings supplied 
when at all possible, plenty of pure air and gentle ex- 
ercise, beautiful scenery, cheerful books to read, poetry 
and romance of moral and elevating tendencies, to- 
gether with nutritious food and a freedom from care and 
trouble. Husbands, I charge you to do your duty to the 
wives you promised to love, honor, cherish and protect, 
through sickness and health, and you will be blessed in 
having good children to stand by you in your declin- 
ing years, with an aged wife who will bless your gray 
hairs. Paupers beget paupers ; thieves beget thieves, 
and murderers beget murderers. These are fixed and 
immutable laws. The farmer well knows if he sows 
bad or defective seed, he can not expect good crops; 
so throughout all nature. I trust I have been suf- 
ficiently plain for all to understand the importance of 
procreation, and I sincerely hope I have not wounded 
the feelings of any. 

Another fact worthy of notice is the practice of 
females enciente (pregnant), overworking themselves, 
ind thereby using up the vitality that should properly 
go to the unborn. Thus you see hundreds, aye, thou- 
sands, of children brought into existence with consti- 
tutions dwarfed, intellects blunted, and the imprint of 
disease and premature decay stamped upon them even 
before birth. Why are most men so careful of their 
animals and so careless or neglectful and demanding 
of their wives, under similar circumstances, when their 



74 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

children as well as their wives must suffer for the neg- 
lect or unjust demands of the husband and father? I 
repeat, if you desire children physically and mentally 
healthy, and well developed, see that your wives are 
not overworked, and that their surroundings are pleas- 
ant ; give them every chance your purse and situation 
will admit of for enjoyment and recreation; do all in 
your power to give them elevated hopes and desires 
which will carry them above the grovelling things of 
earth, and they will transmit to your posterity traits 
of goodness, ambition and physical power superior to 
that of their parents, which with, proper care, physi- 
cal, mental and moral culture, will grow and strengthen 
as they grow to manhood. Parents, see to it that your 
children become ornaments to society, instead of blights 
or curses upon it ; do not wonder at their faults, or 
ascribe them to fate, as so many do ; but study out the 
causes ; learn the laws of nature and of God, and be 
yourselves, as God would have you, not forgetting the 
passage in Holy Writ, wherein it is written : " The 
sins of the father shall be visited upon the children," etc. 
It does not simply mean physically, but it means mor- 
ally and intellectually as well. Bad seed, poor soil 
and careless cultivation never brought forth good crops. 
Nature is alike in all things, and will not be cheated, 
but will pay her just debts. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 75 



PSYCHOLOGY. 



THE SCIENCE OF THE SOUL, OR THE POWER ONE CAN EXERT OVER 
ANOTHER THROUGH MENTAL INFLUENCES. 



That the mental will power of an individual can be 
exerted upon others, and that some possess that psy- 
chological or mesmeric power to a very much greater 
extent than others, either through practice, or, more 
properly, through greater natural, mental and physical 
development, we frequently see demonstrated by pub- 
lic speakers, who seem to exert such an influence upon 
their audiences that they are seemingly spell-bound by 
their great power, or carried away with them in their 
flight of oratory. When they descend into the 
depths of gloom and degradation, where sorrow and 
death hold high carnival, they are with them, viewing 
with mental eye the dark and slippery paths of sin, de- 
pravity and death, whilst a feeling of chilliness, akin 
to death, creeps stealthily upon them ; and as they as- 
cend from out those depths, higher and higher up the 
mountain side, where the bright rays of joy and hope 
shine forth, their hearers are also with them, and con- 
tinue to ascend with them until they are sailing through 
space around the shining stars, and the balmy breezes 
seem to be wafting angelic music from the shining 
shore. The influence of mind upon mind is demon- 
strated in the case of the sick. See what an influence 
the physician exerts for good upon the patient, and of- 
ten the friends or nurses, by his hopeful, cheerful, 
beaming expressions ; or the converse, by a morose or 



76 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

despondent expression of countenance, and speaking 
the while in measured tones, with bated breath. One 
feels as if an iceberg were near the moment such a per- 
son enters his presence. Such persons are very in- 
jurious to the sick ; their room is far preferable to their 
company ; in fact, the sick should never have the so- 
ciety of that melancholic class. 

If a minister is wanted, he should be one who has 
cheerfulness beaming from his eyes ; whose very pres- 
ence inspires you with hope, but the long-drawn mel- 
ancholic, bilious, dyspeptic minister, chills the very 
blood in the marrow of the sick one, his cold, vacant 
stare, his clammy, listless stroke of the hand, his groans 
and sighs and solemn admonitions and prayers, send 
a chill to the heart of the sufferer and do much to 
thwart nature, drugs, and the genial physician (if such 
he be, and God pity the patient if he is not). Thus 
you can see, my readers, how important it is that the 
minister, the physician, the nurses and all visitors to 
the sick should be hopeful, cheerful and even mirthful, 
when proper, in order that their presence may not be 
detrimental to the afflicted and despondent. This croak- 
ing, whining class of people, who so love to curse you 
with their presence when sick, who assume an air of 
astonishment or fright, and exclaim, "How bad you 
look ! " and stare you in the face and try to look as if 
they were messengers from death, to warn you of his 
near approach, or who want to bore you by reading 
gloomy passages from Holy Writ, singing solemn 
dirges, such as " Hark ! from the tombs a doleful sound," 
etc, or making long-drawn, sad, melancholy prayers, 
thereby depressing the patient and undoing all that 
nature and remedies may have accomplished toward a 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 77 

recovery, should never be permitted to enter the pres- 
ence of the sick. 

Be sure your doctors, ministers and friends visiting 
your sick ones are hopeful and cheerful men and wo- 
men ; that the psychological influence they exert will be 
inspiring and hopeful, and not depressing. Whisper- 
ing should never be indulged in in the presence of the 
sick ; either speak aloud that the sick may hear, or, if 
not appropriate, retire to another room ; never ask the 
physician's opinion in the presence of the patient, and 
do not express an unfavorable opinion yourself in the 
sick room; do not leave the patient entirely alone 
when the physician departs, to question him of his or 
her condition, or prospects of recovery, and especially 
do not take the physician in one corner of the room 
and question him or her in a low tone of voice; in 
short, a physician should never be solicited to give his 
or her opinion of a case in the presence of a sick per- 
son; it is a very foolish and injudicious practice, and 
is fraught with danger to the sick. The magnetic force 
or power which one may exert over another is fre- 
quently very great, and especially is it so with the 
sick. Thus you can see the importance of exerting 
this magnetic power for good instead of evil. How fre- 
quently you feel the magnetic influence in the shake of 
the hands, where their very touch inspires you with 
hope or depresses you. I doubt not but that most of 
my readers have experienced the peculiar incompre- 
hensible power which is felt when a person is near, and 
yet you may not have heard their approaching foot- 
steps, or have seen any one, but still you feel the pres- 
ence of another, and would look around to discover a 
friend or a child stealthily coming upon you. I so 
frequently hear of such occurrences that I am led to 



78 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

believe them to be quite common. This power or in- 
fluence I believe is the magnetic power in us extend- 
ing to others, as a magnet will throw out its attractive 
power for steel or iron. This may be termed psychical 
projection; each of us having a certain circuit or in- 
fluence in proportion to the force within us, which may 
exert its influence upon others coming within our cir- 
cle of power to a greater or less extent, in proportion 
as we are strong or weak in this magnetic force, even 
if we make no effort at psychical projection, or the di- 
rect application of this magnetic force. 

The electro-psychological and magnetic force may 
also have its influence upon the foetus in utero, and, by 
the mother being placed under proper influences, with 
pleasant surroundings, the human family may be 
greatly benefited, by producing a more intellectual and 
beautiful race of men and women. 

The law of impressions, which has much to do in 
nature, is also worthy of consideration. Through the 
influence of impressions on the mind of a pregnant 
female, the foetus (child), may be influenced for good or 
evil. The mind of the mother acting with great force 
upon some particular thing, may influence the foetus, 
and it may be marked, crippled or deformed. All 
things should be favorable, to keep the mind of females- 
free from care, anger, terror, or a longing for food or 
drink of any kind whilst they are enciente — pregnant. 
Any great emotional influence may result in great in- 
jury to the unborn child. Reference has been made in 
another lecture to the influence the wars in France ex- 
erted over the children procreated and born during 
those exciting times. I might lecture to you at great 
length upon the influence of mind over mind and mat- 
ter, and yet I trust what little I have said may en- 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 79 

lighten you sufficiently to be of some benefit to you in 
your walks through life. 

In conclusion, I will call your attention to the mode 
of magnetizing or mesmerizing individuals, as de- 
scribed by J. B. Dodds, or, as he terms it, electrically 
and psychologically controlled. "Take the individual 
by the hand as if shaking hands, and press your thumb 
with moderate force upon the Ulnar nerve, which 
spreads its branches to the ring and little finger of the 
hand. The pressure should be nearly an inch above 
the knuckles, and in range of the ring finger ; lay the 
ball of the thumb flat and partially crosswise, so as to 
cover the minute branches of this nerve of motion and 
sensation. The pressure, though firm, should not be 
so great as to produce pain, or the least uneasiness to 
the Subject. You then request him to look you square 
in the eyes, and continue to look him in the eyes for 
half a minute, at the same time keeping up the pres- 
sure with your thumb. During this time you must feel 
a firm determination to mesmerize your subject; you 
then request him to close his eyes, and brush gently 
downward over them, with your fingers several times ; 
then put your hand on the top of his head and press 
on the organ of individuality with your thumb, which 
lies just at the top of the forehead above comparison ; 
press gently downward, still continuing the pressure 
with the thumb of the right hand on the ring and lit- 
tle finger; then tell him in a very positive manner, 
You can not open your eyes ! You must, of course, ex- 
ercise all the will-power and concentration of it you 
possess, to prevent him opening his eyes, or psycholo- 
gically to control him. If he opens his eyes you may 
repeat three or four times in the same manner ; if he 
stand in the electro position relative to yourself, as to 



80 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

impressions, you can not control him. Another method 
is, to press on the median nerve, with the palm up- 
ward, by placing your thumb near the root of his 
thumb and close to the wrist, and proceed as before 
directed. If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes, 
you can then command him to walk and tell him he 
can not stop ; or command him to be seated and then 
tell him he can not rise ; or place his hand on the top 
of his head and tell him he can not remove it. When 
you have thus controlled him, he is in the electrical 
state. You will next proceed to exercise mental im- 
pressions. If he be fully under your control you can 
make him believe almost anything you will. You can 
tell him a friend who may be present is a great enemy 
of his, and command him to put him out, and he will 
at once proceed to execute your order, believing it is 
so ; or make him believe his mother, sister or brother 
has just arrived, whom he has not seen for years, and 
rejoice over the happy reunion and embrace them af- 
fectionately. You can give him water to drink and 
tell him it is whisky or vinegar, and he will act as if 
it was really the case. All these and many others may 
be willed by the mesmerizer and the subject be suffi- 
ciently controlled to believe it to be so. When you can 
thus control individuals, they are in the electro-psycho- 
logical state ; but as there is only about one in twenty- 
five that are naturally in this state, to enable you to 
control them, you must bring those who are not into it 
before you can partially or fully control them. This 
may be done in the following way : Take a piece of 
sheet zinc the size of an old fashioned cent, but thicker, 
and take a ten-cent silver coin and rivet them together 
with copper wire ; place this in the palm of his or her 
hand, with the silver dime up, and request it to be 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 81 

brought within a foot of the eyes, and continue to look 
at it for at least twenty minutes without looking away ; 
he must remain perfectly motionless, not moving a 
particle save to wink ; all should be perfectly quiet ; 
should the eyes be inclined to close, it should be per- 
mitted ; after twenty minutes or half an hour, relieve 
each one of his or her position and collect your coin, 
and try as directed to magnetize them, one at a time. 
Should you fail, the operation of looking at the coin 
must be repeated. They may soon be brought into the 
electro-psychological state, by one or two sittings, and 
others may require one hundred or more of half an 
hour each, every one, two or three days. The galvanic 
battery may also be used with a mild current in this 
w T ay : Twenty or thirty may join hands, at each extreme ; 
the persons will take hold of the handles and all look 
intently at the battery for half an hour at each sitting, 
and after each sitting you press upon the median nerve, 
and proceed as directed to influence them. In mak- 
ing the downward passes throw the hands out as you 
bring them up again, and when they are once under 
the influence, and you wish to awake them, you reverse 
your passes by bringing your hands upward and close 
to the head, and throw them out as you bring them 
down. Then you can experiment relative to the 
power of mind over mind and matter, through the aid 
of electro-magnetism" Upon the same principle is the 
unborn babe often impressed and injured or benefited 
through the mind of the mother. 

Such being the fact, it will be seen how very impor- 
tant it is to educate our daughters and give them equal 
chances with our sons to develop them, both mentally 
and physically, to the very fullest extent of their capaci- 
6 



82 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ties, that they may not only enjoy all the rights and 
privileges of their fathers, brothers and husbands, 
which they most assuredly should, but also that they 
may be better fitted physically, mentally and psychol- 
ogically to procreate and educate their children ; for, as 
a rule, all men or women of ability have had mothers 
of intellectual power and force of character, even if 
they were not educated. In short, an idiotic or silly 
woman never brought forth a son or daughter who be- 
came noted for brilliancy or intellectual power ; it is 
not in accord with nature's laws and requirements. 

I trust my readers may give the subject of psychol- 
ogy sufficient thought and investigation to enable them 
to understand many freaks of nature which are to the 
masses of humanity incomprehensible, and which tend 
to foster superstition and a belief in witchcraft, thus 
giving the charlatan, the fortune teller, and all classes 
of located and traveling impostors and charm doctors 
a chance to ply their fraudulent practices upon the un- 
wary and superstitious, and extort money from them 
upon the plea of possessing supernatural knowledge. 
Everything in nature is governed by fixed laws ; and 
all things strange and mysterious are simply so by rea- 
son of our ignorance of the laws that govern them. 
If we wish to be wise we must be studious. 

" Knowledge and fame are gained not by surprise, 
He that would win, must labor for the prize. 
'Tis thus the youth in lisping A, B, C, 
Attains at length a master's high degree." 

For a complete study of mesmerism and psychology, read the 
Library of Mesmerism, published by Fowler & Wells, 753 Broad- 
way, New York. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 83 



HOME. 

Home should be, of all places, the most sacred ; the 
place where peace and happiness should reign supreme ; 
the place where broils and strife should never enter ; 
the place for solace and comfort, where, after the day 
of mental and physical labor is past, we can gather our 
loved ones around us and bask in the sunshine of joy 
and happiness. These we should prepare through love 
and kindness to stand by us during the stormy days 
of life, and watch over us in the hour of death, when 
the battle between the vital forces and disease is 
waging. Lite is brief at best, and if we do not 
make our homes havens of rest upon earth, life then, 
indeed, becomes a farce. A writer has said, "Life 
is but a dream ; the future is the reality. " Life is, in- 
deed, a mysterious, tempestuous journey, from the cra- 
dle to the grave arid eternity. Robert G. Ingersoll 
says : " Life is a shadowy, strange and winding road, 
on which we travel for a little way — a. few, short steps — 
just from the cradle, with its lullaby of love, to the low. 
and quiet wayside inn, where the only salutation is — 
good night," The poet has said, "'Tis not all of life 
to live, nor all of death to die." Let the future have 
in store for us what it may, it is our duty to the God 
of nature, to our family, the human race, and our- 
selves, to make as great a success of this life as we 
possibly can, and watch the flitting moments and util- 
ize them to jthe best purpose and with as much care as 
if they were the last to us on earth, for it will be but a 









84 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

few short years at best till we will have to take our de- 
parture to "the unknown land." 

THE UNKNOWN LAND. 

O land unknown ! Beyond our mortal sight, 
Wrapt round with gloomy shadows of the night, 
Our spirits dread, yet long to win their flight 
To the mysterious shores. 

O land unknown ! We strain our eager eye ; 
Into the dark we send our pleading cry ; 
We call in vain, no voices make reply 
From the mysterious shores. 

O land unknown ! A never-ending train 
In stern procession from these realms of pain, 
Moves slowly on but comes not back again 
From thy mysterious shores. 

O land unknown ! Art thou far off or near? 
We only know our loved ones disappear, 
And the old voices we no more can hear 
From thy mysterious shores. 

O land unknown ! By the dividing stream 
We stand and gaze and sometimes fondly dream 
The clouds will part and yield one transient gleam, 
Of thy mysterious shores. 

O land unknown ! That day of days draws nigh, 
Which shallunlock this hidden mystery 
And bid our dreading, longing spirits fly 
To thy mysterious shores. 

— Rev. I. N. Tarbox, D. D. 

In order to be perfectly happy it is necessary that we 
have a home, and that we make it the garden spot of 
our existence. We must not, in the race of life, whilst 
striving for fame, honor or wealth, neglect our homes and 
our loved ones ; but rather gather them together each 
night, as the hen gathers her brood, and spre*ad over and 
around them our wings of love, affection and admiration, 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 85 

and thereby cultivate and develop all the better faculties, 
such as benevolence, veneration, faith, friendship and 
firmness, and all of the reflectives and perceptives. 
Benevolence, to enable us to do good and be liberal in 
our conduct toward all mankind, thereby avoiding 
bigotry or tyranny ; veneration, to respect all that is 
good, and with benevolence, pity all that is bad ; faith, 
to believe in the goodness of God, nature and man, and 
be ever ready to do right ; friendship, to enable us to 
treat all mankind kindly and manfully ; firmness, to 
enable us to adhere to friends, loved ones, and all good 
resolves, and with large human nature, causality, com- 
parison and the perceptives, enable us to observe and 
know the good from the bad, and thereby protect our- 
selves, our families and our homes from evil and de- 
signing men, and defend our children from the de- 
stroyer's hand. Our homes should be adorned with 
bric-a-brac and choice pictures to refine the tastes and 
please the mind through the eye. Our shelves or 
libraries should contain choice, entertaining and ele- 
vating literature upon which to feast and learn during 
our leisure hours ; we should read to our children short 
extracts from time to time, such as they are capable of 
comprehending ; we should also have harmless games, 
such as drafts (chequers), chess and other harmless 
amusements for recreation and enjoyment. Indeed, 
we should make home so pleasant that our children 
would feel no desire to go elsewhere for pleasure or 
amusement. The wife and mother should make her- 
self so loving, attractive, kind and cheerful, as to give 
no honorable man a desire or excuse to pass his even- 
ings at the club room, ball room or lodge room ; that 
he may fully realize that the best place to lodge is at 
home. I have been personally acquainted with men 



86 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

who were members of so many lodges, and were so very 
devoted to them, as to be out every night of the week, 
paying honor and devotion to some secret order, or 
the initiation of some new candidate, who was desirous 
of learning some of the mysterious usages and tradi- 
tions of the dark ages, when they drank blood from 
dead men's skulls or inscribed their names with blood 
beneath their sacred obligations. Men who love lodges 
so well that they never lodge at home till the wee sma' 
hours, should never marry and make a wife miserable, 
and neglect her and their children. - 

THE JINEKS. 

THE HUSBAND WHO JOINED ALL THE SECRET ORDERS. 

[Modern Argo.] 

She was about forty-five years old, well dressed, had 
black hair, rather thin and tinged with gray, and eyes 
in which gleamed the fires of a determination not easily 
balked. She walked into Major Huse's office, in Pat- 
ten's block, and requested a private interview, and, 
having obtained it, and satisfied herself that the law 
students were not listening at the key hole, said slowly, 
solemnly and impressively : " I want a divorce." 
" What for ? I supposed you had one of the best of 
husbands," said the Major. 

I s'pose that's what everybody thinks, but if they 
knew what I've suffered in ten years, they'd wonder 
I hadn't scalded him long ago. I ought to, but for 
the sake of the young ones I've borne it and said noth- 
ing. I've told him, though, what he might depend on, 
and now the time's come. I won't stand it, young ones 
or no young ones ; I'll have a divorce, and if the neigh- 
bors want to blab themselves hoarse about it, let 'em. 
I won't stand it another day." 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 87 

"But what's the matter? Don't your husband pro- 
vide for you ? Don't he treat you kindly ? " pursued 
the lawyer. 

" We get victuals enough, and I don't know but he's 
as true and kind as most men, and he's never knocked 
none of us down. I wish he had, then I'd get him into 
jail, and know where he was nights," retorted the wo- 
man. 

" Then what's your complaint against your husband ?" 

"Well, if you must know, he's one of them plaguey 
jiners." 

"A what?" • 

"A jiner — one of them pesky fools that's always 
jining something. There can't nothing come along 
that's dark and sly and hidden, but he'll jine it. If any- 
body should get up a society to burn his house down, 
he'd jine it just as soon as he could get in, and if he 
had to pay for it he'd go all the suddener. We hadn't 
been married more'n two months before he jined the 
Know Nothin's. We lived on a farm then, and every 
Saturday night he'd come tarin' in before supper, 
grab a fistful of nut-cakes and go off gnawin' 'em, and 
that's the last I'd see of him till mornin'. And every 
other night he'd roll and tumble in his bed, and holler 
in his sleep, 'Put none but Americans on guard, George 
Washington,' and rainy days he would go out in the 
corn-barn and jab at a picture of the Pope with an old 
bagnet that was there. I ought to put my foot down 
then, but he fooled me so with his lies about the 
Pope's coming to make all the Yankee girls marry 
Irishmen, and to eat up all the babies that warn't born 
with a cross on their foreheads, that I let him go on and 
encouraged him in it. Then he jined the Masons; 
p'raps you know what them be, but I don't, c'ept they 



88 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

think they're the sam'e kind of critters that built Solo- 
mon's Temple and took care of his concubines, and of 
all the darned nonsense and gab about worshipful mas- 
ters, and square and compasses and sich like as we 
had in our house for the next six months you never 
see the beat. And he's never outgrowed it nuther. 
What do you think of a„man, 'Squire, that '11 dress his- 
self into white apron 'bout big enough for a monkey's 
bib, and go marching up and down and making motions 
and talking the foolishist lingo at a picture of George 
Washington in a green jacket and a truss on his 
stomach ? ain't he a looneytick ? Well, that's my Sam, 
and I've stood it as long as I'm agoing to. The next 
lunge the fool made was into the Odd Fellows. I 
made it warm for him when he came home and told 
me he'd jined them, but he kinder pacified me by tell- 
ing me they had a sort of branch show that took in 
women, and he'd get me in as soon as he found out 
how to do it. Well, one night he came home and said 
I'd been proposed and somebody had black-balled me ; 
did it hisself, of course ; didn't want me around know- 
ing to his goings on, of course he didn't, and I told 
him so. Then he jined the Sons of Malter ; didn't 
say nothing to me about it, but sneaked oif one night 
pretending he'd got to sit up with a sick Odd Fellow, 
and I'd never found it out, only he came home looking^ 
like a man that had been run through a thrashing ma- 
chine, and I wouldn't do a thing for him till he owned 
up. And so it's gone from bad to wuss, and from wuss 
to wusser, jinin' this and that and t'other till he's 
Worship Minister of the Masons, and Goddess of Hope 
of the Odd Fellows, and Sword Swallower of the Fin- 
negans, and Virgin Cerus of the Grange, and Grand 
Mogul of the Sons of Indolence, and Two-edged Tom- 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 89 

ahawk of the United Order of Black Men, and Tale- 
bearer of the Merciful Manikins, and Skipper of the 
Guild Caratrine Columbus, and Big Wizard of the Arab- 
ian Knights, and Pledge-passer of the Reform Club, and 
Chief Bulger of the Irish Mechanics, and Purse Keeper 
of the Order of the Canadian Conscience, and Doubled 
Barreled Dictator of the Knights of the Brass Cir- 
cles, and Standard Bearer of the Royal Archangels, 
and Sublime Port of the Onion League, and Chamber- 
maid of the Celestial Cherubs, and Puissant Poten- 
tate of the Petrified Pig Stickers, and the Lord only 
knows what else. I've borne it and borne it, hoping 
he'd get 'em all jined after a while, but 'taint no use, 
and when he'd got into a new one, and been made 
Grand Guide of the Nights of Horror, I told him 
I'd quit, and I will." 

Here the Major interrupted, saying: "Well, your 
husband is pretty well initiated, that's a fact, but the court 
will hardly call that sufficient cause for divorce. The 
most of the societies you mentioned are composed of hon- 
orable men and have excellent reputations. Many of 
them, though called lodges, are relief associations and 
mutual insurance companies, w T hich, if your husband, 
should die, would take care of you, and would not 
see you suffer if you were sick." 

" See me suffer when I'm sick ! Take care of me 
when he's dead ! Well, I guess not ; I can take care 
of myself when he's dead, and if I can't, I can get an- 
other, thar's plenty of 'em, and they need not bother 
themselves when I'm sick, nuther. If I want to be 
sick and suffer its none of their business, especially 
after all they have made me suffer when I've not been 
sick and all through their carrying on, and you needn't 
try to make believe it's all right either. I know what 



90 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

it is to live with a man that jines so man) 7 lodges that 
he don't never lodge at home, and signs his name, yours 
truly, Sam Smith, M. M., I. O. O. F. ; K. O. B., K. 
of P. ; P. of H., R. A. H. ; I. I. P., K. of X. j N. C, 
L. E. T. ; H. E., R. R. J. ; P. H., Y. Z., etc. 

" Oh ! that's harmless amusement," remarked Mr. 
Huse. 

She looked him square in the eye, and said, " I be- 
lieve you are a jiner yourself." 

He admitted he was, to a certain extent. 

She arose and said, " I wouldn't have thought it, a 
man like you, chairman of a Sabbath-school and super- 
intendent of the Republicans ! Its enough to make a 
woman take pisen. But I don't want anything of you. 
I want a lawyer that don't belong to nobody or noth- 
ing" and she bolted out of the office and inquired 
where Capt. Patten kept. 

I trust my readers may not take umbrage at my 
sally upon secret orders, for I am sure some good re- 
sults from their protective influence, and yet, I must 
urge heads of families not to allow lodges to take pre- 
cedence over the home circle. I must also warn wives 
against making home unpleasant for their husbands 
and children; many wives drive their husbands and 
children away from home through their bad tempers 
or filthy habits and dirty houses. "I do not wonder," 
says Rev. Myron W. Reed, "that some children prefer 
the street, and that some men never come home until 
everything else is closed up." Poor creatures ! home 
to them is a hell upon earth, a place to be dreaded and 
shunned, until the so-called wife and mother has suc- 
cumbed to the demands of nature, and is silenced in 
sleep ; then the unfortunate husband and children.will 
sneak home, if so it may be called, and slip in at the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 91 

back door or through the window, boots or shoes in V 

hand, and almost breathless, hie away to their couches. 
A home that is presided over by such a wife and mother 
is a farce and a delusion, and it is no wonder that in 
such families men fall into drink, and the children 
grow up to be thieves, murderers and prostitutes. Poor 
children, it were better they had never been born. Such 
unions are curses to every community and people on 
earth, with bad men and women, whose fiendish acts 
would make angels weep. It is time theologians, the 
clergy and humanitarians bestir themselves' and aid 
physiologists and phrenologists in teaching man how 
to procreate as well as educate the human race ; for 
evil or vicious parents procreate vicious children, 
and, with bad home influences, stamp infamy upon 
them, which will curse them and all with whom they 
come in contact. I beg pardon for the repetitions 
which occur in this work upon the procreative laws. 
I deem it of so much importance to the well being of 
the future generations of the earth that I can not re- 
frain from recurring to it wherever I can make it im- 
pressive, and by so doing fix this matter of such grave 
import indelibly upon your memory. 

Husbands, you should not expect too much of your 
wives ; you should not look upon that being whom you 
professed to love so much before marriage as a servant 
or beast of burden, but treat her as your equal in all 
things, and be proud to make her such. No man 
should marry a girl that he can not respect and take 
with him into society. The man who is ashamed of 
his wife will make home a place of misery instead of 
pleasure, and his children will learn to disrespect their 
mother, and their natures will become ruined in youth. 
A child that does not respect the mother can be of but 



92 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

little force in life ; if a man, he will not respect his 
wife ; if a girl, she will not have due respect for a hus- 
band ; of course the case of vicious or brutal mothers 
does not apply here. It is really astounding how 
much more some men love money than they do their 
wives or children ; they even permit their little ones to 
lie sick for days in great pain rather than spend a few 
dollars to relieve them of suffering, and aid nature in 
restoring them to health. 

A farmer lost a good and devoted wife. In lament- 
ing his loss he remarked that he would rather have 
lost his best horse. Think what a monster a man must 
be that can put a market value upon his wife, the 
mother of his children, classing her as a beast of bur- 
den. Had he lost a valuable horse his lamentations 
would have been sincere, for it would have been a loss 
of so many dollars, but the loss of the wife is simply 
the loss of what it costs to give her a cheap burial, and 
being enabled to look up a younger one atones for all 
the expense. Some men lack constancy, and love a 
change. To them the loss of a wife is but a holiday 
happening. How very careful most men are of their 
horses, at certain times ; they handle them so tenderly 
or keep them from work. How do these men treat 
their wives ? Do they have all this forethought and 
kind consideration for the wife when she is eneiente — 
pregnant? Is she spared? Oh! no. She has her 
daily routine of toil and cares, working for husband and 
children. The burdens of housework are many and 
great ; housework, if thoroughly done, taxes the mus- 
cles, nerves and brain. But her condition does not 
save her ; full well she knows if she falls in the har- 
ness another will soon be found to put it on and go on 
with the work where she left off, or perchance take 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 93 

life easy on what her predecessor largely assisted in 
accumulating by years of unremitting toil and saving. 
Do these loving husbands ever surprise their slaves 
who, in mockery, they call wives, with the proffer of 
help ? No ; it is cheaper to get another wife when the 
old one drops with her shoulder to the wheel, for she 
is worn out by her hard work, and no longer answers 
his purpose, as a wife. He again longs for one full of 
animal life and vigor. Foolish woman, why did she 
not retain her vigor, for by so doing she might have 
retained his love and admiration. Poor unfortunates, 
what outrages are frequently perpetrated upon them 
under the Christian name of wife, when they are 
broken down physically and mentally by overwork, 
care of children and sleepless nights. They are too 
often compelled to submit to demands from vigorous 
and not overworked husbands, which act is little better 
in the sight of God and nature than rape ; and so toil 
and beastly outrage go hand in hand against her until 
she falls to her knees in pain. Great Gocl ! how can 
such a state of affairs, such barbarities exist amongst 
men ? Gold in preference to the comfort and happi- 
ness of the^ — what should be the — nearest and dearest . 
friend on earth ! I doubt not you have heard of the 
Irishman's lament over the corpse of his wife. " Faix, 
Bridget, ye's 'ave gone now, and I'll miss ye's much, 
for ye ? s was a good ould divil to work." 

Young ladies, try to marry persons suited to you ; 
let no idle fancies carry you astray ; more lives have 
been blasted by improper marriages than all else. 
To-day you are free and happy; to-morrow you per- 
haps are married, and your life is commencing to drift 
upon the breakers of abuse, sorrow, and perhaps dis- 
grace or premature death. Young ladies, when you 



94 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

receive an offer of marriage, whether the man be 
young or old, endeavor to learn something of his fam- 
ily history ; and do not, as you value a peaceful and 
happy future, marry any man in whose family are dis- 
eased inmates. By this I mean hereditary or acquired 
blood diseases. Drunkenness, which is the curse of 
many otherwise happy homes, can be transmitted. 
Do any of you blooming young ladies desire to be- 
come a drunkard's wife ? Do you want to see the be- 
loved face losing its finer qualities, coarsening day 
by day? Do you desire to look into the loved face 
and be cheered by promises only given to be broken? 
to watch hour after hour for his coming; to listen, 
with bated breath, for his footsteps, only to hear them 
go by on the other side of the street, with questionable 
associates; to watch the dawn steal upon the sky, 
bringing splendor that mocks the wretched heart ; to 
long for death and find it not ; to see your children 
cursed with a taint a drunken father bestows ? This, 
young ladies, is what it is to be a drunkard's wife. 
The story is old, and is so well known and so often re- 
peated, it needs no further embellishing by my pen. 
Beware of becoming a drunkard's wife, for it almost 
always leaves its blight upon the offspring. 

Insanity, cancer, indigestion, asthma, rheumatism, 
epilepsy, early loss of sight, these organic diseases and 
defects are handed down from parent to child. Even 
as the names and facial lineaments are conveyed from 
sire to son, traits and idiosyncrasies of ancestors are 
transmitted to their posterity. Vicious propensities 
become a heritage of woe — a demoralizing taint that 
corrupts the spring of virtue. We often notice the 
precocious depravity of children, the base instinct 
which impels them to ruin; also, cruelty, dishonesty, 



LIFE AN1> HYGIENE. 95 

lying, cowardice, violence of temper, and other vices ; 
as also these virtues, gentleness, goodness, bravery, etc. 
In short, these vices and virtues are to a great extent in- 
herited. By careful home training many of these bad 
traits can be overcome or suppressed. But the worst 
possibly cruelty to children of a wayward nature is to 
allow them their own way, because that way will be 
productive of bad results. 

Do not allow your children to indulge in outbreaks 
of temper. Many men and women can trace their bad 
and violent tempers back to childhood, when their out- 
bursts of temper w r ere laughed at by parents and 
friends, and when rebellious at school were sanctioned 
at home in their vulgar display of temper. A bad 
temper should be suppressed, not cultivated. It breeds 
a train of evils ; a cruel disposition, early decay, gloom, 
distrust, envy, meanness and hate, and drives friends 
before it like chaff before the wind. As soon as a child 
learns to speak, teach it self-control and politeness. 
Children need a firm hand to guide their waver- 
ing dispositions aright. Teach them to ask for what 

is needed in a respectful manner. Let " please" pre- 
face each request ; when granted, let " thank you " fall 
from the lips. This is no difficult lesson to teach chil- 
dren, and it is as gracious as needful. If this were 
practiced by the parents it would be an easy lesson for 
the children, but it is often the reverse. The husband 
accepts a kindness at the hands of the wife, or vice .versa, 
as a matter of course. In such an atmosphere it will 
prove a hard task to teach children good and polite 
manners, and now and then the parents will wonder 
why their children have not such pleasant and cour- 
teous ways as their neighbors' children, never turning 
their eyes upon their own share in making the children 



96 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 

what they are by their own example. Mothers, never 
permit your daughters to keep the society of men who 
are not honorable or with whom you are not acquainted. 
Permit no man, old or young, to keep the society of 
your daughters who is shy of making your acquain- 
tance, or who can not look you square in the face ; and 
particularly a man who lives by his wits, or who, like 
Dickens' Micawber, is " waiting for something to turn 
up " by w T hich he can make a raise ; never be ashamed 
to have your daughter keep the company of ambitious 
working men ; it were better for your daughters to 
marry young men, be they ever so poor, if they are 
- honest and industrious, than to marry the fashionable 
fops who are too often licentious and dishonest, with 
no kind of respect for virtue. Never permit your 
daughters to keep the society of fast young men or 
those beneath them, intellectually or socially. Ladies, 
never keep the society of any man you are afraid of or 
ashamed to introduce to your parents, sisters or broth- 
ers ; and never entertain young gentlemen later than ten 
or eleven o'clock p. m. Never make engagements with 
young men to meet them secretly. A young man that 
will not call at your home for you and ask your parents 
if you can accompany him to any place of amusement, 
is not a gentleman, but is a dangerous man to accom- 
pany you anywhere. Remember, as the customs of 
society place you, you have all to lose, from impru- 
dence ; young men nothing ; imprudent acts or re- 
marks often brand you in the eyes of the public as bad, 
even though you be as pure as snow. Young men, do 
not fall into the vulgar and sinful habit of speaking 
lightly of the female sex, or of lounging on street cor- 
ners and staring at them ; remember your mothers are 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 97 

women, and that none but blackguards are guilty of 
such outrages upon common decency. 

Many thousands of the human family go to prema- 
ture graves or the insane asylums from the results of 
secret vices. Mothers, you should be ever on the alert 
that your innocent children do not fall into practices 
that will destroy them ; could you but know the thou- 
sands that die annually with consumption, dyspepsia 
and nervous diseases, which were brought about by 
those practices, you would feel it your duty to watch 
and advise your children to shun such evils as they 
would the society of the vicious and the wicked. Many 
of the young girls of the present day are on the down- 
ward road to ruin and early death ; their youthful 
minds have been poisoned by promiscuous associations, 
late hours, and bad literature. Obscene and flash lit- 
erature is so productive of evil to the young, that I 
shall speak plainly of it in this book, as well as of the 
secret vice, which has become a common thing for the 
youth of both sexes at the present day. The fewest 
number of parents will believe that their apparently 
innocent children are guilty of this pernicious practice 
until it begins to tell upon their health. If they hear 
of it from others they believe the story false, and only 
awaken to the truth when perhaps too late ; all par- 
ents should be on their guard and save their children 
from this monstrous evil, which weakens and destroys 
the physical system and the memory. It causes diseases 
of the nervous system or brain ; it causes insanity ; it 
will destroy all good and moral traits ; it will ruin 
both body and soul. The habit is acquired sometimes 
at school, and is taught by the older and more vicious 
to the younger children ; as the habit gains the ascend- 
7 



98 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ancy over the senses, the victim oftener desires to he 
alone, and will shun the company of the opposite sex. 
The eyes become dull ; the lids are sometimes sore or 
swollen ; bluish rings appear under the eyes ; inability 
to study, and finally the health and strength give way. 
Behold with terror the devastation which follows : the 
solitary vice, masturbation or onanism, produces blind- 
ness, stupidity, spinal diseases, emaciation, loss of 
memory, involuntary seminal emissions, loss of en- 
ergy and loss of spirits, idiocy and sore eyes. These 
and many more are the results of this too common 
practice. Break it up at once ; if you can not accom- 
plish it in any other way, never allow the victim to be 
alone, either by day or night. 

If it be a daughter, the mother must question and 
watch and warn her of the ruin before her if she con- 
tinues the habit. Make of her a companion, enter into 
her pleasures, be they ever so frivolous and childish, 
buy her good books and read them to her, and ask her 
in turn to read to you, and so weed out the festering 
seeds of vice. If it be a son who has contracted the 
habit, let the father take the matter in hand, and point 
out to him the evil results which will bring ruin, dis- 
grace and early death. If this does not accomplish a 
reformation, send for your family physician and lay the 
case before him. It is very easily detected with a lit- 
tle care on the part of the parents, if a proper effort 
is made by watching the linen and bedding. Mothers 
and fathers, throw away false modesty and sit down 
and give your children such counsel as will save them 
from premature decay, the mad-house and death. I 
trust what little I have said may be of sufficient warn- 
ing to you to watch your children, and especially your 
servants or nurses, that they do not lead them into bad 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 99 

practices; and let me state just here, that children are 
often taught evil practices by nurses to quiet them, and 
as often as the little ones become fretful, they are again 
instructed in those practices. I trust you will also 
advise your sons of the death-dealing, blood-poisoning 
and soul-destroying venereal maladies. Syphilis pois- 
ons the blood, causes copper-colored eruptions and 
ulcers upon the skin. In the third stage it attacks the 
bones and eats them up. The sufferer has very severe 
rheumatic pains at night, and eventually rots and dies. 
This disease not only destroys the sufferer, but its 
death-dealing poison is transmitted to posterity. " The 
sins of the father shall be visited upon the children, 
even to the third and fourth generations," and it does 
not stop here, but the very blood flowing from the 
mother to the foetus, and back to the mother, carries 
with it the poison to the innocent mother to contami- 
nate her blood and start her on the road to decay, suf- 
fering and premature death. I tell you, ladies, it is 
one of the blights of our nation ; it is a greater curse 
than all else in our land. Teach your children to shun 
the social evil as they would a poisonous viper ; teach 
them to grow up pure and good men and women, that 
their days may be long and full of happiness. " Eter- 
nal vigilance is the price of liberty," and to your 
children virtue, health and happiness. Be careful as 
to whom your daughters marry. See that they are not 
driving nails in their coffins by marrying young men 
diseased, broken down in health, spiritless, languid, 
nervous, irritable, with no life or animation. See 
that they are full of life and vigor, ambitious, ener- 
getic, and walk with an elastic step, showing that they 
are physically well developed. Blood will tell, in race 
as well as disease. See to it then that your family tree 



100 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

has not ingrafted into it scions from bad stock, whether 
rich or poor, it matters not. Let the blue blood of vir- 
tue, morality, temperance, ambition, firmness, and, in 
fact, all that goes to make up good men, be preferable 
to gold; let your aspirations in life be upward and 
onward, and believe with the late lamented poet Long- 
fellow, that — 

" Lives of great men oft reminds us, 
We can make our lives sublime, 
And in passing, leave behind us 
Footprints on the sands of time." 

All vulgar remarks or stories, or profane words, if 
indulged in at all, should be avoided about home or 
in the presence of children ; and profanity should not be 
tolerated in your children. Teach them to look upon 
profanity and vulgarity as degrading, and but little 
better than theft or drunkenness. Be ever on the alert, 
parents, to cultivate all that is good and suppress all 
that is bad, ever remembering that the future weal or 
woe of your children depends almost entirely upon 
your own conduct, both before and after their birth ; 
and, if so, see to it that you prepare the soil properly 
before you sow the seed, if you desire to have good 
crops; then follow with proper cultivation and firm- 
ness, and you will materially aid in peopling the 
world with better men and women. Never give 
your children too much freedom on the streets, and, 
by all means, never permit them out after night-fall, 
unless well guarded. The public streets and highways 
are the schools for their destruction, and the parents 
who permit it will repent it in sorrow. Do not allow 
your daughters to flirt, or keep the company of any 
with whom you are not well acquainted, or do not know 
to be good. Young ladies, never make or accept the 






LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 101 

acquaintance of young men unless properly and form- 
ally introduced to you by one in whom you have perfect 
confidence. Do not put much confidence in the masses of 
young or old men ; watch them, and be ever on your 
guard ; never give them any chance to abuse your confi- 
dence ; trust in God, be firm in doing right, and watch all 
mankind. Xever accompany any man to any place 
without first asking advice and permission of your 
parents. Remember, they alone are deeply anxious 
for your purity and happiness. The girl or boy who 
will not obey their parents — if good ones — will sooner 
or later come to shame and sorrow. Shun all evil ac- 
quaintances; be guarded in conversation; avoid the 
wily and oily-tongued flatterers ; make but few asso- 
ciates, and be sure they are good ones. 

Mothers, be sure you teach, or have your daughters 
taught, some better occupation than husband-hunting. 
Do not allow your children too much liberty, and yet 
do not become tyrants. Too many children are made 
the victims of tyranny at home and at school. It pro- 
duces no good, but incalculable evil, often laying the 
corner-stone of a cruel disposition. Tyranny at home 
or at our institutes of learning breeds deceit, lying, 
hatred, suspicion, cunning and deceptive arts, and pro- 
duces a miserable, morbid effect upon the disposition. 
Beware, then, how you form . their inclinations and 
aversions. Help, encourage, restrain, condemn and 
praise, but play the tyrant never. 

American girls are left too much to depend upon 
their own chosen resources for pleasure, and we find 
them strolling about the streets with young fellows 
until a late hour at night, the foolish mothers the while 
depending upon their daughters' innocence and self- 
respect as a safe-guard against temptation. Xo words 



102 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

of warning are given them, and the quicksands of 
youthful folly may bury deep and forever all hope of 
future joy and perfect happiness. Educate your 
daughters as well as sons to be consistent, truthful and 
practical, so that when they take upon themselves the 
duties of wifehood their husbands may find in them a 
source of comfort, and may entrust their honor and 
finances in their hands, with a feeling of perfect secur- 
ity. If your daughters feel that marriage is not the 
sole end and aim of existence, and that they have no 
special talent for the kitchen, fancy work or accomplish- 
ments, but display an ambition and taste for pursuits 
which are filled almost exclusively by men, allow them 
to test their ability in the calling they prefer, for some 
of our greatest and best women have been those given 
to other pursuits than being the living echo of a hus- 
band ; or, in other words, the consolers or tormentors 
who preside over their homes, take care of their 
children, and accept with meekness or fury their un- 
certain temper, which they keep too often for home 
use, for the sole pleasure very often of having a place 
to eat and sleep, with dry goods thrown in, rather than 
go out into the world and meet its frowns. This 
might have been the fate of such great and noble wo- 
men as Susan B. Anthony, Clara Barton, Elizabeth 
Blackwell, Emily Faithful, Florence Nightingale, 
Charlotte Cushman, Marie Mitchell, Rosa Bonheur 
and Phoebe E. Cozzens. These are but a few of the 
number whose whole lives have been given to usefulness, 
deeds of love, kindness and honor, and so have proved 
an incalculable benefit and help to the human race. 
What Susan B. Anthony has alone done to make the 
world better, and, I am sure, wiser; what she has done 
for the emancipation and elevation of the female sex, 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 103 

in particular, will live in the hearts and minds of 
future generations as a monument of glory to her 
name long after her detractors and revilers have gone to 
dust and been forgotten. The emancipation of women 
is near ; you can see it on every hand ; you can see it 
in the opening of many institutes of learning ; in the 
opening of the doors of medical and law colleges ; in 
the elevation of women to high places of honor and 
trust. Many of our noblest and foremost men in Con- 
gress, the legislatures and the pulpits, are battling 
strenuously in the cause. The press throughout the 
country has shaken off the apathy, indifference or 
prejudice that has heretofore controlled it, and the 
great and glorious cause of woman's emancipation is 
being placed before the people, not with contempt or 
ridicule, but with an earnestness and zeal which will 
not down, but win success. And whilst I have men- 
tioned the names of a few of the noble, self-sacrificing 
women of ability, who have not assumed the responsi- 
bilities of wife and mother, let me mention the noble 
bearing and good deeds of a few who know full well 
what it is to suffer and endure what only wives and 
mothers ever do or can, and yet, despite the jealous 
croakers who cry fie, fie, or shame upon the woman 
who dare assert their rights, or spaak in public in be- 
half of the freedom and equal rights of women, with 
their male protectors. There is a class who have and 
are most nobly and honorably filling the position of 
wives and mothers, who have repeatedly mounted the 
rostrum and raised their voices to man and heaven in 
behalf of their sex, and civil and religious liberty, or 
by their pens volumes have been written in defense of 
their rights, which are rapidly revolutionizing the 
world, and converting all just and liberal minded men 



104 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

to a belief in the justice of equality — the elective 
franchise to all mankind, regardless of sex, race, color 
or condition of servitude, admitting that each one 
should rise or fall, according to merit or demerit. 
Many such noble women live, or have lived in our day r 
a few of whose names I will mention : Mrs. Lucy 
Stowe, Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mrs. Julia Ward 
Howe, Mrs. Lucretia Mott, Mrs. Florence M. Adkin- 
son, Mrs. Amy E. Dunn, Mrs. May W. Sewell, Dr. 
Mary F. Thomas, Mrs. Mary E. Haggart, Miss Helen 
Foster, Miss Charlotte Bronte, Mrs. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe, Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood, Mrs. Helen Gouger, 
Mrs. Mary E. Simmons, and so I might add names 
ad infinitum of talented and noble women who are or 
have been doctors, authors, editors, lecturers, poets, 
and even soldiers, as Joan of Arc was, many of whom 
have been or are wives and mothers, and whom any 
man might be proud to call wife, or any child to call 
mother. Even in the last few days a committee in 
Congress reported favorably to a change in the Con- 
stitution of the United States in favor of women. 

Had women possessed equal rights with men, poly- 
gamy could never have gained a footing on American 
soil, and as woman's rights have advanced, polygamy 
has become odious. Mothers, if you value the future 
welfare of your daughters, teach them self-respect; 
allow no one to poison their minds with the teachings 
that woman is man's inferior, and has no rights. How 
is it in many of our states ; have the married women a 
right to control their own earnings ? Have they the 
right to make a will ? Have they the right to will 
away any portion of their property to their children ? 
Have they the same right to dispose of their children as 
their husband has ? Have they the right to vote on the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 105 

question of the expenditure of their own tax money? or 
on school or temperance laws? Have they the right to 
vote for public officials, and thereby see that good and 
conscientious men are elected ? Xo ! Some women of 
Xew York state commenced an investigation of the nor- 
mal schools of that state, and carried it through success- 
fully. One of the school board being asked if profanity 
prevailed among the pupils of the public schools, an- 
swered with a laugh, " Oh ! Yes ! our children swear like 
the army in Flanders" The teachers almost universally 
complained of the prevalence of lying, stealing, profanity 
and impurity among their scholars. In one city a club 
was found to exist among the pupils of the high school 
for the purchase of obscene literature. These women pur- 
pose bringing about a better state of affairs, and so called 
a meeting of parents, more particularly mothers, from 
many of the cities and large towns of the state, and 
propose to lay before them the facts elicited by this 
investigation. In this way they hope to lead to a con- 
scientious inquiry into the character and purpose of 
those who seek to be elected to the school board, and 
also that it may have the effect of opening the eyes of 
mothers to their . responsibility in the newly acquired 
right of suffrage, which efforts are certainly needed to 
awaken many of the thoughtless and negligent to the 
duty they owe to their children's interests. Until re- 
cently woman had no power beyond the precinct of 
her home, and very often not even there, and it would 
be strange indeed if each woman were prepared to do 
her whole duty and do it well in this new field of labor. 
Among the best safeguards against vice are amuse- 
ments and pure but entertaining literature ; and sec- 
ond to none of these, teach your children to have some 
aim in life, to utilize their time. Elihu Burritt, the 



106 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

learned blacksmith, found time during his work at the 
forge to master several languages, and surprised cul- 
tured England by addressing its chief learned body in 
Sanskrit. Hugh Miller learned the secrets of the old 
red sandstone in the capacity of a day laborer. And 
so I could fill pages with living examples that were 
benefited by utilizing their time. 

SPEdAL ADVICE TO PARENTS. 

The higher perfection of home depends upon the 
higher education of the female sex. This has been the 
key note of nearly all of our advanced thinkers and 
writers of both sexes, and at last the fruition of their 
hopes is being realized. 

Why should not women understand the laws gov- 
erning their organization, when such knowledge will 
the better enable them to educate and develop the 
higher capacities of their children and control or ex- 
terminate the evil tendencies of their natures? Not 
all, in fact few mothers realize the power for good or 
evil which they hold in their hands ; they trust too 
much to school training to make their children what 
they desire them to be, and the time which should be 
given to their dear ones is given to society. One gay 
round of fashion and frivolity follows another; the 
poor votary of society leaves her darlings to the teacher 
during school hours, and to the servants and the street 
the balance of the time not given to sleep. Is it to be 
wondered at, then, that our boys and girls grow up to 
manhood and womanhood with little love and less re- 
spect for parents and home, and an ever increasing de- 
sire for pleasure ? They are only following the exam- 
ple set them. The mother with her yearnings for 
pleasure ; the father at the club room, the lodge, or 






LIFE AXD. HYGIENE. 107 

perhaps a far worse place. What is there in such a 
home that the children should love and enjoy? Is it 
a home where they who should give it the sunshine of 
their presence are away ? It is not alone the woman 
of fashion that neglects the best interests of her chil- 
dren, and fails to make the home all the word implies, 
but the working woman, surrounded with a thousand 
cares to tax both mind and body, forever in the home, 
but only in the capacity of servant. Where is the 
screw loose now? Simply her desire to out-general 
her neighbor, by keeping the cleanest house, swinging 
out the largest washing and putting an extra amount 
of ruffles on her children's clothing, never regarding 
the graces and culture of their minds ; no time for 
that. It is of small consequence as compared with an 
immaculately clean house. If in these busy moments 
she feels the clutch of little hands upon her garments, 
and questioning eyes are seeking hers, and rosy lips 
are framing queries that may be much to the little one 
seeking light and guidance from that oracle of wisdom 
to the child — mother, again she has no time, and gives 
the little one no help, but a sharp rebuff, with the oft 
repeated command, " Don't bother me now — can't you 
see that I am busy?" How often do these and even 
harsher words fall from the lips of tired mothers — too 
often the husband coming in for a share. Better for 
the sake of your children let some of your many cares 
drop from your shoulders ; and far better for your own 
sake as well, for the time will assuredly come when 
these little questioners will seek the street and get their 
curiosity gratified and ideas formed, not by those who 
have an interest in setting them aright, but, as it too 
often happens, from those of an immoral nature. If a 
neighbor asks you a question, or perhaps a favor, you 



108 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

are ever ready to oblige, and this is as it should be ; 
but be sure you are as ready to serve a member of 
your own family. Stop in your busy rounds and con- 
sider for one brief moment how your children will re- 
member mother in after years. Shall it be the vision 
of a mother ever patient, loving and kind, with ever a 
helpful word of advice, covering up our faults with a 
jealous eye, that none might see our follies and indis- 
cretions ; or shall the remembrance call to mind a 
mother who never had time to smile or chat with her 
children ; never time to cheer or advise them ; a slave 
to her housekeeping and her neighbor's opinion of it. 
A mother who had so little insight into her children's 
natures, that every tale-bearer could gain her ear to 
pour the story of her children's misdoings into it; 
never time or even the inclination to investigate them, 
but time to cruelly scold and whip the little child with- 
out giving it the benefit of a doubt, or a chance to ex- 
plain ; but the tale-bearer, whether it be your neighbor 
or your neighbor's child, has witnessed the punish- 
ment, disgrace and humiliation ; has seen the mother's 
unjust treatment and is satisfied. Mothers, have a care 
as to how you treat your children, that such a vision 
as this may never arise before their mental eye when 
far away from you, and their minds are wandering 
back to home and mother. No greater cruelty can be 
practiced upon your children than the punishment of 
them before others, or retailing their faults, whether 
they are present or not. It will, in time, make them 
brazen, and they will cease trying to remedy their 
faults when they find that they are known beyond the 
family hearth-stone. Gain the confidence of your 
children by giving them your ear and counsel, and by 
dealing with them as justly as you would with your 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 109 

minister. If a tale is brought to you of their trans- 
gressions, listen to it calmly; make no comments to 
the bearer ; but when alone with the accused, tell what 
you have heard, and ask for the truth ; and, if you ask 
in the right spirit, you will almost invariably get the 
truth. Where is the child that is perfect ; do not ex- 
pect too much perfection in your children, when you 
expect it not in your friends. If a child can not go 
to mother for counsel and protection in its hours of 
trouble and sorrow, where on earth can it go ? You 
had better neglect all else than neglect the happiness 
of husband and children; and, to do this, does not 
necessitate neglect of what goes to make a home pleas- 
ant or comfortable. 

The power of the mother to mold the minds of her 
children for good or evil is beyond computing. To 
realize this, call to mind what the lives of our greatest 
and best men and women have been ; then read of how 
their childhood was passed, and you will learn that, as 
a rule, a noble and loving mother planted the seed 
which has produced such great results. A mother's 
duty is great and varied ; and it is never her pleasure 
to know the meaning of the word rest until death 
closes the scene. How many helpful things have the 
women of to-day that their grandmothers never knew 
— extensive education in all its branches, but best of all, 
when applied to home, is the knowledge of hygiene 
and physiology. Many understand, but refuse to 
carry it out, preferring to use their time in painting on 
china or silk gowns, or the practice of superficial ac- 
complishments. Many a mother exhausts her vitality 
and weakens her eyes over the unlimited amount of 
fancy work she has always on hand to pick up the mo- 
ment she drops exhausted from her household duties. 



110 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Why not take this time to read instructive literature, 
to amuse and instruct her children, by reading travels 
to them, or chat, drive or walk with them, or drop 
into a neighbor's and exchange ideas, that your 
mind may not rust out. If you can afford it, buy 
your fancy work, and give some poor woman a chance 
to earn a penny, and so save your nerves and health. 
If you know nothing of hygiene, study it, and apply 
it in your homes, and see its beneficial results. 
Through overwork, much of it unnecessary, and a dis- 
regard of physiology and hygiene, women become 
physical wrecks, and give to the world a race of chil- 
dren nervous, irritable and mentally diseased, and add 
to their folly and stupidity by giving them pernicious 
and unwholesome food, and cap their ignorance by 
housing them in darkened rooms that the sun's rays 
never penetrate — a perpetual bat's paradise, no sun- 
light, and in summer no fire to dry out the dampness. 
I have such a place (I can not call it home) in my 
mind's eye. Passing a certain house every day, and 
often twice, I could never discover any living creature 
moving about ; curtains drawn and doors closed ; smoke 
issued from the chimneys, and other indications of its 
being occupied were apparent. At about the end of the 
third month, one day, when passing, I saw a woman 
and two children, who were occupants of the house,, 
come forth ; each wore glasses, and looked deathly 
white. Since then I have learned that it is their cus- 
tom to live in perpetual twilight, the kitchen being the 
only place where light and air ever enters. Is it to 
be wondered at, that they were pale and bloodless ? It 
would kill the toughest plant if placed within those 
darkened rooms for days together. During all seasons 
of the year, but the hot months, keep your shutters. 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. Ill 

open and your curtains raised, and, in addition to this, 
if your rooms are tight and warm, leave the window 
open an inch at the top and bottom, or less, in winter, 
but wide in summer. Always leave your transoms 
open ; remembering to ventilate your sleeping rooms 
as soon as you arise in the morning, by opening the 
windows at least half way ; also, take all the covers 
from the bed and throw them upon chairs, letting them 
remain so for an hour at least. During the hot months 
open wide your windows morning and evening, keep- 
ing them closed during the hottest part of the day. 
Allow no animal or vegetable matter to decompose on 
your premises, or cess-pools to form, by throwing out 
dish water and other slops, at a certain point, as it will 
breed disease. While seeking knowledge in directions 
often better suited to your tastes, feelings and desires, 
do not neglect anything which will, in any way, make 
the home pleasant. Although it is often asserted that 
the higher education of women, and the full develop- 
ment of their intellectual faculties, have a tendency to 
make them vain and conceited, it has no weight what- 
ever on general principles. 

How many of the male sex are afflicted with the 
same complaint, conceit ; but in their case it is not at- 
tributed to sex, but to the natural outgrowth of their 
individual dispositions. When women as a class are 
thoroughly educated, an educated woman will then 
cease to be a curiosity to the opposite sex, and a subject 
of sarcasm and envy of her own sex. 

It is a cruelty practiced upon young girls to expect or 
demand of them the sacrifice of a limited education, 
th^f their more fortunate brothers may be sent away to 
college and so be prepared to meet the responsibilities 
of life, while their sisters remain at home, and nothing 



112 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

greater or better is expected of them than the cultivation 
of flowers and petting of birds or poodles, with a little 
fancy work thrown in, and the long line of frivolous 
accomplishments that are expected to fill their time, 
minds and ambitions to their fullest extent, taking it 
for granted that all female minds are cast in the same 
mold and must run in the same groove. Such accom- 
plishments are not sufficient for the girl or woman of 
powerful understanding ; of course men who are ignor- 
ant themselves will continue to raise the hue and cry 
of the unsexing of women, and view with jealousy their 
increasing advancement ; and they are ever ready to 
advise them to stick to what they say nature adapted 
them for — procreating children and caring for them, 
for the sick chamber, to scenes of distress and to the 
distribution of charities. Of course these are virtues 
and duties well w T orth considering; but women can 
not put in every waking hour at these employments, 
varied only by her household duties, without rusting 
out mentally, and wearing out physically, thereby un- 
fitting herself to be a proper instructor to her children, 
or companion for her husband. A woman with a su- 
perficial education is of no benefit to her family, her- 
self or the human race. For the benefit of the coming 
man, let women be educated. The old theory was for 
the benefit of man ; let woman remain in ignorance. 
Far away back in the primitive life of the human race, 
man gained his first advantage over woman for intel- 
lectual development, through his dislike for work; 
while she was toiling to provide and prepare food and 
clothing, he was lounging about among his fellows, 
exchanging ideas, and telling of the wonders he had 
accomplished ; he had ample time for thought and re- 
flection, while she, poor fool, toiled on with no thought 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 113 

of self. As the race advances, the man still maintains 
his advantages and ascendancy over woman, and while 
he becomes a worker, he still can secure more time, by 
many hours, for reading and recreation. And as the 
race has continued to advance, woman has yielded to 
man the right to sway and mold her destiny and rights, 
and, until within a few years, but few women have re- 
belled against what man decreed ; not that any beside 
these few outspoken ones had ever given the subject a 
thought, but that there seemed to be no remedy to ap- 
ply to so universal an evil ; so unjust a state of affairs. 
And men have aided by flattery and the protection 
farce to keep up such a belief in their superior intel- 
lect and superior acquirements, that but little resistance 
has been made. If it were true that man is the supe- 
rior of woman, it does not redound to his honor, for 
his superiority has been gained by her sacrifices, for in 
all times and in all nations, women have been com- 
pelled to submit to a continued round of toil, and be- 
cause of this, and also by man's superior advantages 
of gaining knowledge by contact with the world, he 
has been able to see and learn much without the aid of 
schools. Until within a few years past, medical and law 
colleges have been built and endowed for the sole pur- 
pose of educating men, as also other institutes of learn- 
ing of the higher order. Her school advantages have 
been limited and poor, indeed, as compared with man's. 
Under circumstances like these, how easy a matter for 
the more fortunate sex to achieve renown, fame and 
glory, while women are toiling on in their drudgery 
and restricted sphere. 

For the benefit of the human race, let there be no 
distinction of sex ; but let women be educated alike 



114 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

with men. She holds the destiny of man in her hand 
to an almost unlimited extent. If her tastes are high 
and ennobling, her sons and daughters will become 
imbued with a desire to be noble, good and great ; if 
she be frivolous and weak, her children will be apt to 
inherit much that after contact with the world and 
practical training at school will not wholly obliterate. 

Home is the first school and mother the first teacher ; 
and there let the first as well as the last lesson be in- 
structive, useful and agreeable. Do not hamper your 
girls with their sex ; let them be youthful ; let them 
romp, even though they become tom-boys ; better be 
that than simpering invalids hedged in by fashion. 
Train your boys to respect their sisters and the female 
sex, that when they arrive at manhood's estate they 
will select wives who, through all coming years, will be 
companions to their understanding, their tastes and 
their pursuits ; not simply housekeepers or ladies to 
preside over their homes. 

Many men know but little of their sons, and leave 
the entire training to the mother. Often these sons 
need the counsel of father as well as mother, but the 
father and son are almost strangers. He knows abso- 
lutely nothing of his son's habits; perhaps the first 
time he fully realizes he is a father is when that son 
has brought sorrow and trouble to the home, and he 
awakens to the fact that no father's hand has been 
stretched forth to guide his erring footsteps. Our 
streets are filled with the youth of both sexes, and of- 
ten till past midnight, our boys are in the street sow- 
ing the seeds of disgrace, only to reap the harvest of 
shame, disease and death ; there our girls get their 
first lessons in vice — gradually the net is woven for 
their unwary feet that leads to shame and death. The 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 115 

mother, engrossed with household duties, in objects of 
charity or pleasure, sees not the destruction awaiting 
her child ; she has not made a companion of her daugh- 
ter, and so has not gained her confidence, and the ship- 
wreck of her child's honor is but a question of time ; 
and when the awakening comes she loudly condemns 
her daughter's conduct, and bewails the fate that has 
given her such a child. Does she question herself as 
to how far her own negligence of duty to this poor 
weak girl has been the cause of her ruin ? Does she 
recall to mind that this wayward girl has been allowed 
to roam the streets by day and late at night, and that 
unquestioned as to how and with whom her time had 
been spent ? No ; if questioned on these points she 
declares she had not the time to look after her child, 
and not even time to examine the books she read. No 
time to select good books for her; no time to read 
with her ; no time to give her advice ; no time to win 
a child's heart. She reads no books herself; she does 
not even know that the country is flooded with flash 
literature, calculated and designed to poison the minds 
and hearts of children and fit them for the brothel, the 
prison, or the scaffold. 

I take from a current number of the Sentinel, pub- 
lished at Indianapolis, Indiana, a report of the great 
terror to publishers of obscene literature, Arthur Corn- 
stock. He said : 

" Last year I gathered the accounts of boy and girl 
criminals under twenty years of age. Thirty-three be- 
tween the ages of eight and twenty were guilty of lar- 
ceny ; twenty-five between seven and twenty-one, of 
burglary; seven between the ages of nine and twenty- 
one were guilty of murder ; eleven, the oldest sixteen, 
committed highway robbery ; twenty-nine under twenty 



116 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

were arrested for gambling, and two boys and girls 
committed suicide. It is a fine employment for our 
stalwart policemen to clutch a club in one hand and a 
schoolboy in the other. The figures for February, this 
present month, more than bear out what I say. There 
have been thirty-four arrests, the eldest only twenty- 
one, for larceny ; five murders by boys between nine 
and fourteen, and one girl shot her father, and four 
suicides are under eighteen. And these are not all 
poor boys, but often from some of the best families, 
like the son of a wealthy judge, who ran away, stabbed 
an adversary and afterward died in prison, confessing 
that he used to spend his time reading books of ad- 
venture. 

"There are other dangers to children, and one of 
the chief is that hydra-headed monster, the lowest kind 
of literature, which breeds lust. When your boy or 
girl's name appears in the catalogue of a school, it be- 
comes so much merchandise, to be bought by scoun- 
drels who send misery and death through the United 
States mails. The evil can not be overestimated. 
The head of a female seminary told me that some one 
had surreptitiously obtained fifteen or twenty cata- 
logues. I tracked them to a dealer in addressed en- 
velopes, and when I demanded them he brought out 
a great pile containing the names of thousands of boys 
and girls. I wrote to all the principals warning them, 
and replies came from two female seminaries that th 3 
grossest matter had been introduced there, and before 
the year closed evil circulars and advertisements were 
sent back to me from the other." 

I trust that after reading this report many parents 
will be put upon their guard, and watch over the safety 
of their children. 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 117 

We want hygiene in literature as well as the home. 
There is an almost criminal ignorance of parents upon 
these subjects. Bnt the women seem to be awakening 
at last upon these and kindred subjects, and also physi- 
ology ; and a new dispensation seems to be upon us 
since even the male sex no longer consider a woman 
immodest who has a thorough knowledge of her own 
organization. We want mothers to give some of the 
time to improving their children's minds and morals 
that they give to the warfare with dirt. A portion of 
the time taken to concocting sweet morsels that often 
make dyspeptics, should be devoted to the cultivation 
of your intellects, so that when the family meet for a 
social chat, you may be able to regale them with some- 
thing of more interest than a history of the day's oc- 
currences and troubles. Too often the wife lays aside 
her accomplishments the hour she lays aside her wed- 
ding garments as something not needed. Xow, if her 
education be superficial, what attraction has she left to 
make home pleasant ? Beauty, vivaciousness, and the 
light talk of the honeymoon ; but when these wax and 
wane, what then ? What charm to keep the husband 
to her side ? Xone ; her mind is dull and unstored, 
and her head as empty as a gourd ; her husband sick- 
. ens of her, seeks more congenial society. The chil- 
dren, if they have any, seek the neighbors or the 
streets. Man has done much to bring about such a 
lamentable state of affairs, by using every effort to 
keep woman from gaining an equal amount of knowl- 
edge with himself. 

According to Bibical history, woman first ate of the 
tree of knowledge, then gave to man ; and he the 
glutton has been trying ever since to keep woman from 
getting another taste of it, but giving her, at all times, 



118 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the full benefit of all the dishonor that attaches to it. 
When man assigns home as woman's province, where 
she may reign queen over loving hearts, how many of 
these queen it over their own household — this domain 
set aside for them by their liege lords? how many of 
these queens of hearts and homes can exercise their 
own will ? Can they purchase, sell, or even contract 
to make any improvements in this eden of theirs, with- 
out first consulting the husband ? No, indeed. Their 
position is subordinate everywhere, from the wife of 
the President down to that of the mechanic or farmer. 
How many of these so-called queens can, or do con- 
trol or dispose of any part of their property, or even 
direct the future of their own children ? They are too 
often compelled by narrow-minded husbands to give a 
strict account of money expended, and bear harsh 
criticisms as well. Many women struggle along with 
housekeeping tacked on to them, who are totally un- 
fitted by nature or training for any such work. As 
well say all men should be good farmers, as all women 
should be good housekeepers. The majority take to it 
and accept it after a fashion, but often .their education 
and surroundings have been such that they could not 
see what else to do. These make slatternly, careless 
housekeepers and bad cooks, and just here is where the 
trouble begins — badly cooked meals, .indifferent wives 
and slovenly servants drive men away from these 
wretched homes to any place where cheerfulness reigns, 
be it the club, the lodge, the saloon, or the gilded 
palaces of sin. Very often these women, unfitted by 
nature to be home makers, put forth every effort to do 
what is supposed to be their duty, but are soon dis- 
courged by rebuffs from husbands that never praise. 
They endure tirades of fault-finding and bad treatment 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 119 

until they become as mere machines, indifferent to the 
happiness of those who should be their first care. To 
make home what it should be, all must do their part. 
It may be a hard task, but try it and a greater per cent, 
of happiness than you ever dreamed of, will have been 
gained. Do not step out of the tidy attire of the 
young miss down to the slatternly garb of wife; do 
not make yourself odious by untidy or dirty garments, 
or rude speech ; do not make love and the marriage 
bond the license to say impolite and rude things to 
each other. ■ If you have but a moment to spare de- 
vote it to the little pleasures of home. Few men are 
so callous that kind words gently spoken do not find 
their way to the heart. Too many men have a smile 
and a hearty greeting for every chance acquaintance, 
but upon reaching their own door it is the signal to 
assume a frown ; they bestow nothing but frowns upon 
wife or children, inflicting the sour looks and bad tem- 
per upon the female members of their family that they 
dare not bestow on others. Such men are cowards at 
heart. 

The great foe to married life is inattention to the 
wants and feelings of each other, and quite often this 
indifference is equally distributed. If you want to 
live happily fight down this evil of getting used to 
each other ; it robs life of its brightness. Marriage is 
not a mistake unless you make it such. Once you 
stood face to face, and eye to . eye ; no words speak 
stronger; keep your eyes open to each other; what- 
ever of manliness or aught else you saw in him that 
won your heart ; whatever charm of mind, manner, or 
beauty you saw in her that won you to her side ; the 
charm that made you importune her to name the wed- 
ding day, shut it not out now; keep it before your 



120 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

eves; let the horizon of your wedded life become more 
brilliant each year. To solve the problem of a happy 
married life as was designed by our creator, the noble 
devotion and tenderness of the early married life must 
be maintained ; let the heart receive full pay for its 
devotion. When the wife fails to make the home a 
place of rest, free from care, a place in which to be 
loved and caressed, she loses just as she makes the 
home the reverse. Many good, moral women neglect 
home and children to sew for or collect money for the 
poor heathen. Let the husband see to it that he ap- 
preciates all the kind efforts his wife may make to 
please him, for the time will come sooner or later to 
all mankind, when discouragements and misfortunes 
will beset them, friends grow indifferent or cold, then 
the wish will almost fall from the lips, "I wish I were 
dead." It is then the ivy and the oak change places ;. 
it is then the seeds of kindness and affection you have 
sown in the past will reap you a bountiful harvest. 

Would to God we had more happy homes, and when 
such an eclen of beauty and peace crosses our path, we 
gaze in wonder and admiration ; and why ? because so 
few happy homes are to be found. Then turn upon 
your homes the sunlight of happy smiles. Let the 
beautiful and best your home contains be for your dear 
ones. Let an air of good breeding and kindness pre- 
vail, never forgetting that members of the same family 
should never make an exhibition of their temper in 
public, if at all, which often happens and gives to the 
scoffer a chance to laugh. Make no extravagant de- 
monstrations of affection for each other before others, 
but the man or woman who shows respect and kind 
attention to each other before the public will elevate 
themselves in the eyes of all, and doubly endear them- 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 121 

selves to each other. Bat what of the poor woman, 
with never a word of praise or encouragement, whose 
life is a constant irritation, with no servants to lighten 
the weary hours of drudgery, and help support the 
heavy load of household cares? 

The women of wealth escape much of this harrow- 
ing life of toil, but they have to meet other demands 
upon their time, necessitated by fashion's decree, that 
makes life anything but one of ease. There is only 
one way to make it better, be cheerful and systematic 
in your work, and do not attempt to do more than 
your strength and justice to yourself and family will 
sustain you in doing ; far better sacrifice some of the 
luxuries or even necessaries of life to enable you to 
hire the help you need. Do not dispense with help to 
save money, or through an indisposition to instruct 
and watch them and undertake the tasks you are unable 
to perform. It requires a vigilant eye to regulate the 
management of the household and prevent the waste 
that thoughtless help bring about. Silver spoons are 
used to scrape the kettles, coffee, tea, pepper and spices 
are left open or loose, and are wasted or lose their 
strength ; potatoes, turnips and onions are left to grow 
in the cellar, the sprouts are not removed, and they 
become worthless ; brooms are not hung up and are 
spoiled; dustpans and brushes are thrown around and 
destroyed, cooking utinsels are left standing with water 
in them, fine-handled knives are thrown into hot water 
and are destroyed ; the flour is sifted in a wastful man- 
ner, and dough left sticking to the roller and tray ; soap 
is left to dissolve in the water ; clothes are left on the 
lines to whip into shreds in the wind ; tubs, barrels and 
buckets are left in the wind and sun and fall to pieces ; 
dried fruits are not cared for in season, and so become 



122 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

wormy ; rags, strings and waste paper are thrown into 
the fire or the street; pork spoils for want of salt, and 
beef becomes tainted because the brine needs scalding; 
bits of bread, meat and pudding are thrown away in- 
stead of being warmed or steamed over, and so waste 
breeds want, and keeps families poor. The husband 
often becomes a financial and moral wreck, and to 
make up for the leakage at home and useless extrava- 
gance he resorts to crookedness and sharp practices, 
and soon finds himself a doomed man behind the prison 
bars. It is very often the case that the wife does not 
know the amount of her husband's income, and I am 
sorry to say, sometimes she does not care, as long as 
she has the requisite amount of funds to gratify her 
tastes, though often the husband may be to blame for 
such a state of affairs ; yet, it can never be even guessed 
at with any degree of correctness. Quite often the 
husband retains after marriage all the boon compan- 
ions of his batchelorhood ; the fellows call him a "jolly 
good fellow " and pander to his conceit, and the luxur- 
ies that went with it. The wife retains her extrava- 
gant tastes for fine dress and display. 

It is impossible to fathom what mysterious influences 
have combined to consummate a marriage between 
those tw r o, so totally unsuited to each other, for the 
high and honorable duties of married life. 

How much of this .married misery can be traced 
back to the childhood of each? The boy, accustomed 
to roam at will, often with his pockets well supplied 
with cash, that he may indulge and gratify his every 
passion and pleasure; no restraint placed upon him; 
and, added to this, often hearing the foolish remark, 
" Oh ! boys will be boys." True enough ; but boys 
one day become men. It is then their early training 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 123 

will show the effect it has had upon them, and they 
will take their place in the world, either as useful 
members of society, or as a curse to the same. 

The girl developes into the woman, and in either 
the married or single state becomes a blessing, a nuis- 
ance, or a curse to society. Let not the youth of both 
sexes believe their education complete until they have 
mastered a profession, business, or trade that will en- 
able them to make their way in the world, whether the 
occasion ever requires it or not, for wealth often changes 
hands. 

For lack of a small amount of business knowledge, 
many a poor widow and her children have been cheated 
by dishonest administrators Out of the property left 
them by their provident husband and father. She 
gains a little knowledge of business now in the bitter 
school of adversity and experience. Her teacher often 
having been the confidential friend of her husband, 
and one in whom he placed more trust and confidence 
than in his wife, to see that his children would be 
fairly dealt with after his death. Every man should 
be just to wife and children, never permitting any one 
to take advantage of them through his negligence or 
confidence of justice being meted out to them after he 



124 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



THE HEALTH, DRESS AND MANAGEMENT OF 
CHILDREN. 



There is nothing concerning the human race of more 
importance and less understood than the management 
of children. It begins with infant life and may end 
anywhere from the cradle to maturity. How much 
infants suffer from the pernicious management of 
fashionable or ignorant mothers can never be known. 
Their dress at the beginning of life is simply a cruci- 
fixtion or torture ; and the poor innocent babes become 
the victims of fashion, folly or ignorance, according to 
their mothers' station in life. The first article of dress 
is the belly-band, which is intended only as a means of 
support, but it is too often made an instrument of tor- 
ture, and, when removed, the traces of its work can 
be seen in the red ridges left in the sensitive and quiv- 
ering flesh, which can scarcely bear the pressure of the 
hand, proving, conclusively, that the poor child had 
good cause to cry and so make its sufferings known. 
But often this feeble protest is not understood, and its 
cries are attributed to colic or hunger, and mayhap ill 
nature, and so it is dandled, fed, or kissed, and given 
soothing syrups and teas of various kinds to stop its 
cries, when the simple removal of all tight clothing 
would work an almost instantaneous cure, and convert 
tears into baby rapture. Mothers who have fretful in- 
fants try this remedy first before dosing with medi- 
cines, or over-feeding. It is not always colic or hun- 
ger that causes a child to cry, but tight or uncomfort- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 125 

able clothing, yet over-feeding or improper food too 
often produces distress and courts disease and death. 

It is often the case that mothers give their infants 
nurse every time they cry, even should it be every 
half hour, which is a very bad practice. 

The dress of infants should at all times be free from 
undue pressure, and made to insure comfort, the band 
being loose enough to admit of passing the fingers 
between the body and band, and so admit of the free 
passage of air between the clothing and the body, 
an essential to comfort and health. If you want 
your children to be happy and to be a pleasure to your- 
self, make their garments loose enough to admit of 
their rapid growth, or replace them with new ones as 
often as needed. The clothing of infants should, when 
at all possible, be made of soft and flexible material, 
that it may not irritate their delicate and tender skin ; 
it should be free from starch about the waist and 
sleeves; embroidery and ruffles should be eschewed, 
or at least never starched. The practice of starching 
•the waist or neckbands of infant's clothing has caused 
untold suffering by chaffing, even to bleeding the bod- 
ies of these little victims of a mother's pride or igno- 
rance, or perhaps both ! 

In my daily practice I have been called upon to pre- 
scribe for hundreds of such cases. My first advice being 
a prescription to affect a cure of the wounded flesh ; and 
my second, to remove the cause. How often the young 
and inexperienced mother, solicitous for the welfare of 
her babe, will encumber it with enough clothing to 
weigh down her own person, torturing its delicate 
frame with innumerable skirts of extraordinary length 
and heavily embroidered, to add to the discomfort, 
and to keep the skirts from becoming soiled by con- 



126 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

tact with the floor, she doubles the skirts up under 
the infant, hampering and cramping its legs and feet 
in such a manner that it can not use them. In this 
unnatural position the child is compelled to lie for an 
hour or more at a time, without change of position in 
any way, until baby nature can endure no more and a 
quick succession of yells follows, which, of course, is 
usually attributed to hunger or colic. The practice of 
allowing a child to lie for any length of time with wet 
or unclean clothing on is pernicious in the extreme ; 
but what can be said of those mothers who will leave 
their infants' for hours in a cradle perfectly saturated 
with filth, and for no reason save that they want to 
accomplish a certain amount of work before attending 
to their wants ! I have visited families in which the 
cradle or child's bed had become so filthy through neg- 
lect to purify the bedding, that it could be smelled 
throughout the entire room, and this in families where 
the parents' bed was to all appearances clean and pure. 

Endeavor at all times to clothe your children suita- 
bly to the weather; because the month of May is gen- 
erally accepted in this latitude as the month to lay 
aside winter clothing, it does not necessarily follow 
that you should do this; you must be governed by 
the weather. The winter clothing should be gradually 
changed to that of lighter texture. 

As children advance in years do not imprison their 
young minds in a net work of sage advice, but let 
them expand at their own sweet will ; insensibly they 
will pattern after and pick up the ideas of their elders. 
Be sure you do not make a hawk's nest of your home, 
or your children may resemble that bird in their dis- 
positions. Children are born imitators, and it is ever 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 127 

well that they should have something good rather than 
evil to pattern after. 

The foolish desire of parents to make their children 
smart or perfect, will incite them to cram all sorts of 
useless knowledge into them at a tender age and often 
at the expense of health and even life. A child's studies 
should be suited to its years, and the more so if it de- 
velopes a precocious intellect ; not meaning, however, 
that a child of brilliant mind should be kept in the 
traces with stupid children of its own age, but rather 
that its mind may not be taken advantage of, and be 
pushed to its greatest capacity at the expense of a ner- 
vous break-down later in life. It is often the case that 
children are put through a course of training at an 
early age to eliminate all their natural traits and de- 
sires; this is injudicious in the extreme, unless all its 
natural instincts are entirely wrong or bad, which is 
seldom the case where a child has been guided aright 
at the outset. Many children are made to suffer through 
the bad management of parents, guardians, nurses, etc 
At the beginning of life they are subjected to the petty 
tyrannies of their elders, who allow them no free ex- 
pression of opinion, which is. natural to them. A fit- 
ful, uneven and often a tyrannical temper is the result, 
which could be avoided if attended to in time. In 
forming the habits of your children you can not be too 
guarded in your conduct before them. In large and 
small families how often one child, either the youngest, 
the most beautiful or precocious is singled out to be 
spoiled by petting and teasing, or undue indulgence, 
thereby destroying the child's future prospects for hap- 
piness or usefulness. Sooner or later the parents try 
to undo the work of years of foolish training, but find 
the task difficult in the extreme ; the child has been a 



128 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

king in the domestic kingdom and will not yield read- 
ily to restraint of any kind, and resents it in away not 
to be mistaken. It has been the pet, praised for its 
freaks of temper ; praised for its sharp tongue ; praised 
because all have to yield to its authority ; praised 
by the family, and praised by visitors. Is it any won- 
der it becomes a nuisance, dreaded at home and shunned 
by its playmates? It demands what it wants; the 
mother feels it to be her duty to deny it now and then, 
but she has not the courage to meet its demands with 
refusal and so when it asks for more goodies it is told 
they are all gone. It knows at once this is not true, 
and understands mamma is practicing a deceit upon it ; 
so she teaches it deceit and falsehood ; the lesson is not 
lost ; it results in applying the lesson it has learned 
upon others, for which it is sometimes whipped ; and 
so begins another course of training, quite as fruitful 
of bad results as the former. Children should be taught 
from their earliest understanding to respect their par- 
ents, but not through fear of punishment ; the fear of 
being whipped has made many a child use deceit and 
falsehood. Some children may be forced to do right 
through fear, but they will never have due respect for 
what force accomplishes. 

The mother who takes her erring child to her bosom 
and with sad voice and face shows it the error of its 
way and the sorrow it has brought to her heart and 
their home, will find her reward in the tearful face and 
repentant heart of the child. If your children are 
nervous and timid, never punish them by shutting 
them in dark places ; this has been the cause of making 
hundreds of cowards and has been their curse through 
after life. I have many times prescribed for children 
in convulsions which had been produced by their being 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 129 

shut up in dark closets or cellars. Whipping or pun- 
ishment to sharpen the intellect or understanding of a 
dull child will defeat its object, and is cruel and un- 
just; as well expect the bird to fly without its wings. 
When children are sluggish and disinclined to study or 
work, they must be given an incentive to begin with ; 
try to fix their mind upon some one study, or some 
kind of work which is agreeable to them. This can be 
done by exercising patience, kindness, forbearance and 
firmness. Too often by harsh means they are taught 
their first lessons in brutality by parents or teachers. 

In the home where peace, love and pleasant voices 
reign, the parents judicious in management, will be 
found children respectful, obedient, loving ; affection 
is met by affection, and so harmony prevails. Children, 
selfish in their desires, must be trained out of it grad- 
ually, or else they grow up to be self-willed and disa- 
greeable. 



130 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 



THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD. 



The large channels through which the blood flows are 
called arteries and veins, the smaller channels are the 
capilleries and venous radicals. The arteries are cylin- 
drical tubular vessels which serve to convey the life- 
stream to all parts of the body. These vessels are named 
arteries, from the two Greek words a-qp (pronounced) 
haer, the air, and rrjpsiv, taerin, to contain — to contain 
air — from the belief entertained by the ancients that 
they contained air. Galen, however, refuted this opin- 
ion, by showing that these channels were filled with 
blood during life, though, for the most part, empty 
after death. Harvey, an English physician, was the 
first to discover and describe the circulation of the 
blood, but did not seemingly understand the means by 
which the blood passed from the arteries to the veins, 
he having no knowledge of the capillaries through 
which the corpuscles of the blood are transferred. 
Harvey made his renowned discovery in 1618 or 1620, 
but did not give it to the world until 1628, when he 
published his celebrated work, entitled " Exercitatio de 
Motu Cordis et Sanguinis," A Dissertation on the Mo- 
tion of the Heart and the Blood. Previous to this 
publication the views held upon the question of the 
circulation were so vague as to be unworthy of notice ; 
and yet, strange as it may appear, Dr. Harvey was de- 
nounced by his professional brethren, and his discov- 
eries were not given credence, nor entertained by 
physicians in his day. We are told he was treated 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 131 

like a quack and an impostor by his brother physi- 
cians, who by so doing but made manifest their little- 
ness professionally, mentally, morally and socially. 
Philanthropists and public benefactors are usually 
badly treated while living, and not thoroughly appre- 
ciated until death makes a void not easily filled by 
carrying them off from their works. This has been 
the case in all ages and climes with respect to men 
whose views have been in advance of their day. AVhen 
Jenner discovered and published the fact that vaccina- 
tion modified small-pox, he was denounced as an im- 
poster, and was constantly persecuted; but to-day a 
monument is being erected to his memory in com- 
memoration of his knowledge and skill. 

The heart is the great organ or force-pump that pro- 
pels the blood throughout the entire system. I here 
present plates and diagrams showing the heart with its 
valves and its division into four chambers — right and 
left auricles, and right and left ventricles. The auri- 
cles are situated on the uppermost part of the organ, 
and are so named from their fancied resemblance to 
ears, the Latin word for which is auris ; the ventricles, 
for a similar reason, after the Latin word venter, mean- 
ing belly. The ventricles are more muscular than the 
auricles; and the left ventricle more muscular than 
the right. The course of the river of life — the circu- 
lation, is as follows : The venus blood flows into the 
right auricle ; from the right auricle to the right ventri- 
cle, coming originally from the large veins, the ascending 
and descending vena cava, and the coronary sinus. 
By the contractions of the auricles and ventricles the 
blood is forced through the pulmonary arteries into 
the lungs, where it absorbs oxygen and gives off car- 
bonic acid; in its transition from venus to arterial, 



132 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



the color is changed from blue blood to red blood. 
From the lungs the blood returns to the left side of 




The right auricle and ventricle showing the internal structures. 1, supe- 
rior vena cava; 2, inferior vena cava; 2', hepatic veins; 3, right auricle ; 
3', fossa ovalis and below it the eustachian valve, and beneath it is figure 3, 
close to the opening of the coronary veins; x x, the groove between the 
auricle and ventricle ; 4 4, cavity of the right ventricle. Above the upper 
figure 4 the semilunar valves can be seen. 4', large columnse carneae ; 5, 5', 5" t 
tricusped valves ; 6, the cavity of the pulmonary artery ; 7, the aortic arch ; 
8, the commencement of the aorta at the base of the heart; 9, between the 
innominate and left carotid arteries ; 10, appendix of the left auricle ; 11-11, 
the outside of the left ventricle. (After Hartshorne.) 

the heart, through the pulmonary veins, first entering 
the left auricle, and thence passing to the left ventri- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 133 

cle ; whence it is impelled into the great aorta, or 
large artery, through which channel and its wondrous 
net- work of ramifications the life-blood sweeps on, visit- 
ing every part of the body, through the capillaries ; 
then passing to the venous radicals, and thence to 
the viens, and through them back to the heart again. 
During the rounds of the circulation, the elements to 
sustain life and replace disintegrated tissues are depos- 
ited from the blood as it passes through the capillaries. 
Thus, as each molecule is dissolved or destroyed, an- 
other takes its place, and every portion of the body 
is constantly being replaced as the worn out particles 
are thrown off. The quantity of blood in the human 
system averages about eighteen (18) pounds to a man 
weighing about one hundred and forty-five (145) 
pounds. The heart forces about two (2) ounces of 
blood into the aorta and two (2) ounces into the lungs 
at every contraction or pulsation. Calculating the 
rapidity of the heart's action at seventy-two (72) beats 
per minute, it takes just two minutes for all the blood 
in the body to pass through the entire circulatory ap- 
paratus, or thirty (30) times every hour. By simple 
multiplication you can carry out this calculation and 
find that the heart performs the enormous labor of pro- 
pelling ten hundred and eighty (1,080) pounds of blood 
through the rounds of the circulation every hour, or 
twenty-five thousand nine hundred and eighty (25,980) 
pounds of blood every twenty-four (24) hours, equaling 
thirty (30) tons of blood, less eighty (80) pounds. One 
year's labor of the heart, in ordinary health, is the 
propelling through the arteries and veins nine mil- 
lion, four hundred and sixty thousand, eight hundred 
(9,460,800) pounds of blood, or four thousand seven 
hundred and thirty-one (4,731) tons. The heart of 



134 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Peter Cooper, the philanthropist, of New York City, 
on his last birthday, his ninety-first (91st), according 
to the foregoing calculation, completed the herculean 
task of propelling throughout his body eight hundred 
and sixty-one million, five hundred and twenty-eight 
thousand, nine hundred and sixty (861,528,960) pounds 
of blood, equaling one million, six hundred and forty- 
one thousand, seven and one-half (1,641, 007 J) hogs- 
heads. This calculation only tells of the normal action 
of the heart. If so, what must be the amount of labor 
strain upon that organ when, as in febrile attacks, or ab- 
normal conditions, the pulse rates from one hundred 
(100) to one hundred and twenty (120) beats per min- 
ute ? After these considerations and calculations, re- 
membering that the heart never stops once for a rest 
during life, who can refrain from exclaiming : " God 
bless the sturdy, valiant, hard-working heart" 

The blood is composed of red and of white corpu- 
scles, and the liquor sanguinis. When subjected to 
chemical analysis we find the following substances as 
its constituents, in the proportion indicated : 

Water 688.00 

Globuline 282.22 

Hsematine 16.75 

Fatty Substances 2.31 

Extractive Matters (undetermined) 2.60 

Chloride of Sodium. 
Chloride of Potassium. 
Phosphate of Soda. 
Phosphate of Potassa. 
Sulphate of Soda. 
Sulphate of Potassa. 
Phosphate of Lime. 
Phosphate of Magnesia, j 



.12 



1000.00 



When there is a deficiency of the red corpuscles, we 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 135 

say the person- is anaemic; they appear pale and are 
unable to withstand fatigue or exposure of any kind. 

When there is an excess of the white corpuscles, the 
condition is an evidence of the presence of a disease 
we call leucocythcemia. It is often an accompaniment 
of enlarged liver, spleen or lymphatics. The freer 
and more regularly the blood circulates through the 
capillaries, the better the stare of the health. 

Diseases of the heart are generally fatal. Rheu- 
matic endo-carditis is an inflamed condition of the lin- 
ing membrane of the heart, resulting from rheuma- 



Base of "the Heart. 

1, right auricle ; 2, tricuspid valve ; 3, right ventricle ; 4, pulmonary ar- 
tery, showing semi-lunar valves ; 5, left auricle ; 6, mitral valve ; 7, left ven- 
tricle , 8, aorta, showing semi-lunar valves. (After Hartshorne.) 

tism. This is a very dangerous malady. If the per- 
son attacked recovers, he is simply permitted to live 
to suffer from valvular disease; or, more properly 
speaking, defective valves of the heart. 

During inflammation there is fibrinous exudation 
thrown out upon the valves, which thickens them, and 
if not absorbed, prevents them from closing properly. 
They leak, or allow the blood to regurgitate or fall 
back, after the fashion of an old, worn-out pump. We 
also recognize a heart trouble that is peculiar to aged 
people. It is termed ossification of the valves and the 
chordce tendinece. It destrovs life. Ossification often 



136 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

attacks the arteries of the aged. When this occurs the 
person soon suffers from senile gangrene mortification. 
There are hearts whose muscular tissues are weak (on 
this subject I speak fully elsewhere) ; these we call 
weak hearts. Persons possessed of hearts of this 
kind, or very small hearts, can not endure hardships 
or great excitement without feeling faint ; they can not 
face danger or ghastly death without feeling as if their 
time had come. These are the faint-hearted, chicken- 
hearted ones whom we can easily distinguish from 
those who are large and stout of heart and strong of 
nerve. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 137 



THE EYES. 



Seeing is one of the most important of the five 
senses ; much of human happiness comes through the 
eye ; very much of the knowledge we possess we ob- 
tain through the medium of the eye, the sense of sight. 
Some obtain more information through the medium of 
the eye than others, even where they are placed under 
similar circumstances. This is due to what phrenolo- 
gists term large or small perceptions. Some persons 
will pass along the street and notice but little, whilst 
others will see everything worthy of notice. The eyes 
are frequently very much abused by reading in flick- 
ering lights, or in the evening before lighting lamps, 
and upon railroad cars whilst in motion. Many chil- 
dren have defective vision from birth, and need glasses 
to bring the rays of light to a focus upon the retina of 
the optic nerve. Through the neglect of parents, 
guardians or teachers to procure the proper glasses, 
their eyes are injured very much. The eyes are glob- 
ular in form, with the cornea set upon them of a lesser 
curvature than the globe proper; it comprises one- 
sixth of the globe. We have three coats, sclerotic, 
choroid and retina ; also the cornea, iris and crystal- 
line lens, and the cilliary muscles or bodies, which per- 
form the office of accommodation by pressure upon the 
crystalline lens, causing a greater convexity. 

Then we have the conjunctiva, a mucous membrane,, 
so called because it unites the globe of the eye with 
the eye-lids. It covers the anterior surface of the eye, 



138 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



the inner surface of the eye-lids, and the caruncula 
lacrymalis; it possesses great sensibility, communi- 
cated to it by the fifth nerve. We also have six mus- 
cles to each eye, which are called external, internal, 
superior and inferior recti muscles and the superior 




The Eye. Its Coats and Cavities. (After Gray.) 

and inferior oblique. Contraction of the internal recti 
muscle, or paralysis of the external recti, results in 
convergent strabismus, cross-eyes ; defective vision may 
also cause it. Many cases may be cured by an oper- 
ation, whilst others can be corrected by proper glasses. 
The eves are liable to various diseases and inflam- 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 



139 



mations, most of which require the expert treatment 
of an experienced oculist, or very well qualified sur- 
geon. Xo physician who has not made the eye a spe- 
cial study should attempt to treat such diseases, 
unless it is simple conjunctivitis. In simple innani- 




The Eye. Its Coats and Nerves. (After Gray.) 

roation from cold, catarrhal conjunctivitis, the eyes look 
red and are very painful, and discharge muco purulent 
matter. For this simple form of eye disease use the 
following eye water, every three to six hours : 

B Zinci sulphatis grs. ss. 

Morphia? sulphatis grs. i. 

Aqua? destillata ^ ss. 

M. ft. collyrium, filter. Sig. One or two drops in the inflamed 
eve everv three or <?ix hours. 



140 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

In addition to the above treatment, the eyes should be 
washed with pure rain water several times a day, and 
smoked glasses should be worn to prevent the pain and 
lachrymation, flow of tears, caused by the sunlight. 
There are many other forms of inflammation of the eyes, 
all of which require the knowledge and experience of 
oculists or those understanding the eye and its diseases. 
Never depend upon inexperienced men to treat a diseased 
eye ; if you do, you may lose your sight. Hundreds, 
who are in our blind asylums are the victims of unskilled 
practitioners, and might still have their sight if they 
had been properly treated at the beginning. Babes im- 
mediately after birth frequently get inflammation of the 
eyes, opthalmia neonatorun, from the secretions of the 
mother, and hundreds become blind from the want of 
proper care and treatment. The pus, matter, should 
be carefully washed from under the lids with an eye 
syringe, using clear lukewarm rain water. This should 
be done often to keep the matter from accumulating 
under the lids, and increasing the inflammation, thereby 
causing corneitis and ulceration of the cornea, glass of 
the eye, which usually occurs if neglected. The lids 
should be gently pulled out from the eye ball, and a 
stream of water gently thrown under the lids until 
every particle of matter and mucous is removed. It 
may be necessary to wash out the eyes every half hour 
or hour in very bad cases, then use the following eye 
water : 

R Acidi tarinici grs. v. 

Hydrastis sulphatis grs. ii. 

Morphia? sulphatis grs. v. 

Aqua? destillatae ^iiiss. 

Mucilago acacia; % ss. 

M. ft. collyrium, filter. Sig. Drop in the eyes every half hour 
to three hours. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 141 

Much might be written about the eyes, but I trust I 
have given sufficient advice, which, if followed, may 
prevent hundreds from groping their way in dark- 
ness. In conclusion, let me say to you all, be careful 
of your eyes, and do not trust to the ordinary practi- 
tioner when it is possible to consult a good oculist if 
you have any form of disease of the eye, pain, or loss 
of sight. 



142 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 



THE EARS. 



The sense of hearing, whilst it is not as important 
as the sense of seeing, is, nevertheless, of too much 
importance to be neglected, as it usually is. Very 
many lose their hearing through ignorance or neglect. 
Children frequently have abscess of the ears, caused by 
cold, and, through the neglect of the mother, pus mat- 
ter is allowed to accumulate upon the tympanum — 
drum of the ear, often resulting in inflammation, ul- 
ceration and loss of hearing. It is of great impor- 
tance to keep the meatus auditorius extrenus canal open, 
and all the pus matter washed away, to prevent dis- 
ease of the drum. When the disease becomes chronic 
always consult a well qualified aurist surgeon, who 
will give you the proper treatment. Repeated acute 
catarrhal attacks usually affect the hearing somewhat, 
by thickening up the drum, and also by closing the 
eustachian tubes leading from the mouth to the inter- 
nal ear. In chronic cases of abscess the bones some- 
times become affected, or diseased and decayed. The 
discharge then becomes very offensive, and can not be 
cured until the dead bone is all removed. In abscess and 
pain in the ear, laudanum and sweet oil, in equal parts, 
dropped into the ear, will give relief; also, hot fomen- 
tations of hops and chamomile should be applied 
often, with a cathartic dose of liver pills (F 3), and one 
grain of opium every two or three hours to adults 
until relieved. 

Persons suffering with abscess of the ear are liable 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



143 



to have a cough, and it will continue until the ear is 
cured. Swimming of the head — vertigo, is also an at- 
tendant of (otitis) inflammation of the ear. The ears 




Sexton's Ear Dol'che for Cleaning the Ear. 



should be kept well cleansed. I have frequently re- 
moved large quantities of cerumen — wax and dirt from 
the ear of patients, where it completely plugged up the 
orifice and caused dullness of hearing or deafness. 
AVhere such is the case, fill the ears with pure sweet 



144 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

oil and glycerine, in equal parts ; then plug with cot- 
ton so it can not get out ; continue once every day for 
one week ; then wash the ear out with a small syringe, 
using soap-suds. If you can not remove the plug of 
wax and dirt, go at once to a physician and have it re- 
moved, and have the ears examined, and see if there is 
any wax or dirt remaining; if so, use the oil and 
glycerine as before. The eustachian tubes often be- 
come closed from colds, catarrhal attacks, and the 
hearing becomes impaired. It is then necessary to 
have them opened up. This can be done only by a 
surgeon, by forcing air into the tubes, with instru- 
ments made purposely for such treatment. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 145 



DIGESTION AND THE ABSORBENTS. 



In our last lecture we gave you a brief outline of 
the ear; we will now teach you something about 
digestion, and how portions of the food we eat are 
absorbed and carried into the blood to replace and 
repair the tissues of the entire body, the destruction 
of which is constantly going on, as we have seen in 
a former lecture. Every breath we breathe burns 
up a certain amount of carbon in the change that takes 
place chemically or vitro-chemically by the inhalation 
of pure air into the lungs. At each expiration carbonic 
acid is thrown off and the blood is purified and filtered 
to again pass through the rounds of the circulation and 
repair the Avasted tissues. 

We will also remind you that the digestive process 
is simply dissolving or liquifying and changing the 
character of the food so it can be absorbed or taken up 
into the circulation. The process is mechanical and 
vitro-chemical ; the first being mastication and insali- 
vation ; chewing and mixing with the saliva — the sa- 
liva being alkaline — and possessing the properties of 
converting the starchy material into sugar, it is then 
swallowed into the stomach, and the mucous membrane 
of the stomach pours out a fluid called gastric juice, 
which is of such a chemical and vital nature, that it 
will dissolve and chemically change portions of the 
food before it passes from the stomach. The oils and 
fats are broken up or emulsified by the action of the 
pancreative juice which takes place in the duodenum. 
10 



146 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

The bile also exerts an influence, and still farther on, 
we have the intestinal juices which finish up the diges- 
tive process of all the digestible food. The main part 
of digestion or at least half as much as in all other 
parts of the alimentary canals takes place in the stom- 
ach by the food being brought in contact with the gas- 
tric juice. As soon as food is swallowed into the 
stomach, it excites the gastric tubules to action and 
they commence pouring the gastric juice into the stom- 
ach which mixes with the food. As we have heretofore 
spoken of digestion in our lectures on indigestion, we 
Will now pass on to that of absorption, which is accom- 
plished by the follicles, glands and villi, viz : Brun- 
ner's duodenal glands, follicles of Lieberkuhn intestinal 
villi, Peyer's glands of the illium, and the mesenteric 
glands, which are also called the lacteals. Thus you 
see digestion and absorption takes place throughout 
almost the entire alimentary tract. The greater por- 
tion of the digested fluid is taken almost directly into 
the venous circulation, by means of the villi, whilst 
still others are carried into the thoracic duct and 
through it the chyle and lymph is carried into the left 
subclavian vein just outside of the internal juglar, 
where it unites with the subclavian to form the left in- 
nominate vein. 

When the absorbents fail to perform their functions 
properly the result is death from inanition, starvation ; 
what has been taken into the stomach may have been 
properly digested, but the nutritive properties not be- 
ing absorbed or taken into the circulation, it follows 
as a matter of course, that starvation must be the re- 
sult, no matter how much food is consumed. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



147 




The Lacteals and Lymphatics. 



The large white line represents the thoracic duct, through which the chyle 
is carried into the left subclavian vein ; the enlargement at the bottom is 
called receptaculvjn chyli ; the fine lines represent the lymphatics. (After 
Dalton.) 



148 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



Many persons have been made the subjects of exhi- 
bition on account of their lack of flesh or fat, living 
skeletons. One of the most noted of these was Dr. Cal- 
vin Edson, who weighed only forty-five pounds at the 




Dr. Calvin Edson. 

time 01 his death, which occurred in 1833. Dissection 
revealed the fact that the thoracic duct, which con- 
veys the nutriment of the food into the blood was 
constricted. [See thoracic duct in the plate.] We also 
see persons inclined to obesity, fat gathering ; they in- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



149 



herit a tendency to it, or acquire it, which you see 
illustrated in the cut of Lambert. To avoid excess or 
diminish it when acquired, you must avoid all foods 
rich in starch as much as possible, also avoid sugar 




THE VITAL AND LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT COMBINED. 
(Excessive Nutrition.) 

Daniel Lambert, of Leicestershire, England, who "Weighed 
528 Pounds. 

and syrup ; live more upon a flesh diet, drink neither 

ale, beer, vine or whisky, all of which favor obesity 

by arresting molecular disintegration of the tissues; 



150 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

take plenty of active physical and mental exercise and 
do not eat to excess. 

Where the person wishes to take on fat, good nutri- 
cions food should be eaten, especially starchy food, 
such as potatoes, oat meal porridge, bread, and sugar 
or syrup when pure or free from poisonous adulter- 
ations; bathe regularly, sleep plentifully, take the 
world easy, and cultivate mirthfulness and cheerful 
society ; never indulge in excesses of any kind. Re- 
member, however, that excessive fat is not a sign of 
health, but very often the converse, disease. People 
frequently die of fatty degeneration of the brain, liver, 
kidneys and heart. I trust I have been sufficiently 
plain to enable all to fully understand the nature and 
character of the lacteals or absorbents and their offices. 



T.IFE AND HYGIENE. 151 



INDIGESTION; OR DYSPEPSIA AND ITS TRAIN 
OF ILLS. 



Next in prominence to the tenacity with which we 
cling to life, comes our hunger — our intense desire for 
pleasure. Instinct impels us to the one, and our self- 
love inclines us to the other. We regard pain as our 
most malignant enemy, and we cast about for some 
friendly power to conquer this formidable and remorse- 
less aggressor. We want the victory over this merci- 
less tyrant, not so much for the glory of the conquest, 
as that the consequent serenity and quiet joy may be 
ours to possess in permanency and peace. Death is 
associated in our minds with suffering and loneliness, 
coldness, darkness and great loss, and to some the grim 
monster presents all the horrors of annihilation. In- 
tuitively and naturally we all shudder at this picture ; 
we shrink from the silence and isolation of the tomb, 
and yearn for continued association with humanity, 
and for the warmth and cheer of the social sunshine. 
We wish for ourselves and dear ones the realization of 
the old-time toast — "Long life and good health" — 
long years and multiplied in the company of those, 
and amid the scenes we love; and good health — so 
good that every function and motion of the body is a 
joy ; and that we may be filled with every good thing 
that is agreeable to our being. The enjoyment of 
pleasure in this world, aside from the spiritual yearn- 
ings of some, is the great object of life and of all our 
strivings. I do not say this is as it should be ; but it 



152 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

is as I find it, and as all must find it who take the 
trouble to closely observe the ebb and flow of the 
tides of human affairs. These things being so, how 
inconsistent must not sickness be with regard to our ac- 
knowledged and much-sought highest temporal good ? 
How blind to natural obligation and self-interest must 
not the person be who neglects or undervalues health ? 
What an affliction a hitherto pleasurable passion be- 
comes to the sick one ; how painful the quondam de- 
light ; how disgusting that indulgence, that beverage, 
that person, that company, when through excess or 
neglect the digestive apparatus become disordered, and 
emaciation, heart-palpitation, nervous break-down and 
general prostration holds the sufferer down on a bed of 
sickness. It is then that we begin to learn wisdom ; to 
distinguish between the true, real, lasting pleasure, and 
the miscalled ephemeral joy ; the pleasure that will bear 
cheering reflection, and that mockery, the memory of 
which shall not fade away. It is then, when invited 
sickness holds us in its deathly grasp, that millions of 
money, and diamonds, and even fame itself, would be 
bartered for the oft-abused, poorly appreciated mother 
of all real pleasures — good health. 

I have been led into these prefatory remarks from a 
consideration of the nature of the subject upon which 
I am to address you. This subject is the misnamed, 
many-sided malady or combination of miseries called 
dyspepsia. It is a misnomer from the fact that the 
two Greek words $oq [dus] bad or difficult, and nefftretv 
[pessein] to dissolve or digest, from which, as roots, 
we derive the Latin word dyspepsia, and, finally, our 
anglicised form of it does not convey anything like an 
adequate idea of the extent and nature of the numer- 
ous ills concomitant with and sympathetic of this wide- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 15o 

spread, illy-understood and seldom cured affliction 
called dyspepsia. Medical writers, with few excep- 
tions, do not accord to indigestion a place among the 
numerous family of diseases. This may be accounted 
for in two ways : Either they have not studied the 
question, accepting the views of their predecessors on 
the matter, or they may have acquainted themselves 
thoroughly with the disease, but, in giving its symp- 
toms, they may have become bewildered by finding 
themselves telling of the scientific land-marks and pro- 
fessional finger-boards that are found on the avenues 
leading to some of the most serious maladies that af- 
flict the human body. It was just in this way that 
hysteria began to be regarded as of little import ; and 
it is just this class of ignorant or puzzled professional 
gentlemen who stand around and laugh at a female in 
hysterics, little thinking or caring to know that back 
of these fits there is a diseased condition of the ner- 
vous system. The term indigestion, in our day, does 
not imply seriousness in affliction, nor even much suf- 
fering. The reasons for such opinions are, lack of 
knowledge of the importance of good digestion, and 
of the complexity of the process ; and because those 
who speak lightly of the disease are those who have 
never felt its pangs. Digestion begins in the cavity 
of the mouth and ends when the residue or neglected 
particles of the food are ready to be excreted. The 
stomach is the receptacle or laboratory for all the solid 
and liquid foods, the substances of which we need for 
nutritive purposes — for building up the body and sus- 
taining it against wasting and decay. When this organ 
and its assistants in the process of digestion fail to 
properly perform the digestive act, the food, instead of 
undergoing the proper transformation ferments and 



154 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



rots, gives off poisonous gases, becoming putrefaction 
itself, is taken up by the absorbents, and in this state it 
carries into the blood, and through the life channels as a 
poison, it speeds on and on in its deadly round through- 
out the entire system. The life current of the dyspeptic 
is like the stream with a poisoned fountain for its source 
— it ever bears the bane on its bosom through all its 
ramifications and meanderings. The body asks for 
material to replace wasted tissues, and the blood un- 
loads a poison ; it asks for bread, and it gets a stone ; 
instead of a fish, a serpent is given. Dyspepsia is a 
grave disease in any of its numerous forms; but when 
of the mental or nervous type it is most assuredly a 
complex affliction — a wheel within a wheel. 

No man can enjoy life with impaired digestion. It 
unfits him for business, dwarfs his intellect, destroys 
his benevolence, strangles his mirth, baffles his reason, 
plays truant with his firmness, and transforms him 
into a tyrannical bigot, or a melancholy whimpering 
child. At times he has not energy enough to breathe, 
or like the dozing hound in warm weather, finds it 
difficult to brush away a fly. At other times the dys- 
peptic is nervous and excitable ; finds fault with his 
wife and children, and feels as if the hand of every 
man was against him. You may often see him clasp 
his hand to his breast and sigh or gasp for breath, while 
he imagines his time has come to bid vain world adieu. 
"When he walks he wavers and veers from side to side ; 
vertigo and blindness frequently attack him in the 
streets ; he stops, holds to the fence or to a lamp-post 
in order to keep from falling to the ground, and while 
in this condition is unjustly stared at by passers-by as 
a victim of intemperance. When he retires at night 
he is unable to sleep for hours ; the bed seems to him 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 155 

to be floating upon disturbed waters, and subjected to 
the action of the winds ; or he has painful sensations 
like unto those experienced by persons when falling 
through space ; he dreams horrible dreams, and awak- 
ens unrefreshed ; his little children shun him because 
he unwillingly becomes cross to them ; and, his wife 
knowing his irritableness, dreads to see him come 
home, and is glad when he departs. If the afflicted 
one be a minister, he selects gloomy texts for his dis- 
courses, and preaches long-drawn, melancholy sermons ; 
his very presence chills you and puts your feelings be- 
low zero; he delights in singing such dirges as "Hark 
from the tomb, a doleful sound, mine ears attend the 
cry." By hearing such sermons from the melancholy 
dyspeptic, you do not feel elevated ; your soul does not 
soar aloft in the realms of ethereal bliss, and bask in 
the sunlight of heavenly enchantment ; bat you feel 
as if you had an attack of malarial poisoning — as if 
you were traversing some damp and dismal cavern, 
where bats and vampires flit about your head, and 
you could almost hear the wailings of the damned. 
The physician, if afflicted with dyspepsia, is unfitted 
for his calling, by reason of his being too cranky or 
pettish at times ; and, at others, too melancholy to see 
a patient professionally, or skillfully diagnose a case. 
What this malady does to the physician, the minister 
and the business man, it does to all who are its un- 
fortunate victims. It even renders the lives of not a 
few so burdensome that they seek death by suicide, in 
the vain hope of bettering their unhappy condition. 
But few in our day of hurry, bustle, fretting, and impa- 
tience ever get cured of this malady once it has got a 
good hold on them ; and fewer still are those who, un- 
aided, are able to note its approach and avoid it. It 



156 HE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

may be of importance to some to know that vastly 
more depends upon the patient's own hygienic care 
than all else, and that until each sufferer is taught what 
is essential to his own particular case, there exists not 
even the show of a hope for his recovery. It is nec- 
essary to learn first the origin of the trouble. Then 
by avoiding the cause, and observing hygienic laws, with 
reference to diet especially, you may recover, if you pos- 
sess a strong will-power, and exercise it by saying and 
meaning it, i" shall get well ; but if you waver and neg- 
lect your duty, and do the very things which the dis- 
ease is most likely to cause you to do, by reason of its 
very nature and depressing influence, God help you, you 
will never recover. Without your own voluntary co- 
operation all the medicine and physicians in the world 
could not save you. 

Among the many causes of dyspepsia, I might rank 
excessive brain labor or study as the first, which, if 
aided by the mental temperament, is most fruitful of 
this distressing malady. Next, and very nearly abreast 
of each other, come the habits of immoral excesses, 
debauchery and intemperance, long continued chewing 
and smoking of tobacco, excessive physical labor and 
exercise, as well as absolute indolence, great grief, 
anxiety and disappointments. These latter three classes 
enumerated belong among the mental type of classes 
and are therefore proportionately prominent. Rapid 
eating and imperfect mastication, together with the 
making of the eating of the meals more a matter of 
business than of pleasure. These practices combined 
are the very prominent cause of what might be termed 
the business man's bane. Gormandizing and irregu- 
larity as to the hours for meals are also very pernicious 
practices. Many persons eat and scarcely know what 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 157 

they are eating ; they fork or shovel the food into their 
stomachs as a miller in olden times would grain into a 
hopper. This, to say the least, is unrefined, if not 
even barbarous. If it had been intended that man 
should swallow his food whole, he would have been 
provided with a gizzard, as are the fowls, where the 
quantity taken could be triturated with gravel or 
ground up with other hard substances ; but such is not 
the case ; hence we should thoroughly masticate our 
food before swallowing it. This is doubly your duty 
in this region of country, where, as I learn, your beef- 
steak is very tough and .the consciences of the board- 
ing-house keepers tougher still. Many people have 
swollen, sore and bleeding gums, decayed teeth, with 
scurvy or tartar upon them, or it may be no teeth at all. 
The gums should be healed; the cavernous teeth 
filled or extracted, and new ones inserted by a skillful 
dentist, in order that you may thoroughly masticate 
your food, and remove all possibility of poisoning the 
secretions from, the salivary glands of the mouth. 

A normal condition of the stomach must be pre- 
served at all hazards ; and to this end we must eschew 
all improperly cooked food, hot bread, soda biscuits, 
rancid butter, oleomargarine, poisonous baking pow- 
ders, adulterated sugar and the like. Sour or spoiled 
berries and partly decayed fruits are often purchased 
to be used for food, because they are sold cheap. When 
we add to these articles of food the adulterated stuffs 
which we buy and know not of their poisonous quality 
or condition, we may safely conclude that we are being 
poisoned at no very slow degree. My friends, the 
most expensive food you could possibly purchase is 
unwholesome food ; it poisons your blood ; ruins your 
stomach ; invites dyspepsia, and often brings on cholera 



158 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

infantum, or cholera morbus, diarrhoea, dysentery, and 
low types of fever. Much has been said and written 
about the origin of diseases, and yet but little has been 
done by local authorities to prevent this wholesale 
poisoning of the people which I have just referred to. 
It is true, we have corporation laws, and market-mas- 
ters to prevent the sale of unwholsome and adulterated 
food, but of what avail are these ? Is a good law of 
any consequence when it is not enforced ? Our market- 
masters are neither chemists, microscopists or patholo- 
gists ; consequently they are as incapable of judging of 
the purity and wholesome character of food, as an illit- 
erate hod-carrier is to teach astronomy. As a rule, 
money and other considerations have the wonderful 
effect of paralyzing or blunting the olfactory and optic 
nerves of such gentlemen, when adulterated or decom- 
posing articles of food are offered for sale. O, these 
sales ; the ruined health of thousands, and the crimi- 
nality of officials ! Every year thousands of hogs, cat- 
tle and sheep, with tuberculous lungs, liver or kidneys, 
are slaughtered and sold for food, and yet, we wonder 
why it is there is so much sickness. Dairymen buy the 
refuse of starch factories and breweries, the stench of 
which stuff will sicken you as you pass a wagon loaded 
with it. This putrid matter they feed to their cows, and 
then we drink the milk and give it to our children, 
believing milk to be a wholesole article of diet. Pure 
milk is a good food, but this starch factory and brew- 
ery slop is not milk but a poison. It gives diarrhoea 
to children and brings sickness and death to all who 
use it. Equally poisonous and injurious to health 
is the flesh of hogs and other animals fed upon decom- 
posing garbage, decayed meats and slops of the char- 
acter just mentioned. In large cities men make a 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 159 

business of gathering up the refuse from hotels and 
other places for the purpose of fattening swine, as I have 
just mentioned. The majority of people go through 
life in a listless sort of way ; they eat whatever uncon- 
scionable dealers or hucksters offer them for sale. Like 
the fabled giant that eat his way through the forest, they 
thoughtlessly and voraciously gobble up everything 
from frosted potatoes or half rotten apples to the stink- 
ing ham or tainted corn beef; and the worst feature of 
this carelessness is, that delicate little children are 
permitted to eat candies composed of terra alba and 
sugar, highly colored with poisonous drugs, to please 
the eye ; or they may overload their stomachs oftentimes 
with the very strongest kinds of food, such as old ba- 
con, boiled cabbage, crackling corn bread, and greens 
cooked with bacon, and then drink copiously of strong 
coffee or tea. Is it to be wondered at, I ask you, ladies 
and gentlemen, that little Johnny or Mamie comes home 
from school with a sick headache, or wakes up during 
the night amid the horrors of a nightmare, or before 
they have attained to the prime season of life they are 
prostrated and wrecked upon the rock of dyspepsia? 
The older people have gone through this mill and are 
now suffering the consequences; and even while, groan- 
ing with pain, they will not part with habits or give 
up indulgences that are detrimental to them. Have we 
not all seen the old pipe take its circuit? Look at 
everybody with his pipe — the old black pipe, and the 
old black twist tobacco — as strong as concentrated lye. 
The chewers and smokers of tobacco, both male and 
female, keep the glands of the mouth constantly satur- 
ated with the poisonous nicotine ; then after these and 
numerous other outrages are perpetrated upon nature ; 
they wonder why it is they do not remain healthy. Is 



160 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



it any wonder that they sicken and die ? or what is far 
worse, become chronic invalids ? But few such people 
give themselves a thought when in good health, and 
when sick are most impatient and ever ready to ques- 
tion the efficiency of physicians, neglecting to carry 
out their instructions and yet expecting drugs and na- 
ture to restore them to health, despite their continued 
bad habits. 



IS 4 6. 




A View of the Distribution of the Glossopharyngeal Pneumo-Gastric 
and Spinal Accessory Nerves, or the Eighth Pair. (After Ellis.) 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 161 

1. The Inferior Maxillary Nerve 

2. The Gustatory Nerve. 

3. The Chorda-Tympani. 

4. The Auricular Nerve. 

5. Its communication with the Portio Dura. 

6. The Facial Nerve coming out of the Stylo-Mastoid Foramen. 

7. The Glosso-Pharyngeal Nerve. 

S. Branches to the Stylo-Pharyngeus Muscle. 

9. The Pharyngeal Branch of the Pneumo-Gastric Nerve descending to 
form the Pharyngeal Plexus. 

10. Branches of the Glosso-Pharyngeal to the Pharyngeal Plexus. 

11. The Pneumo-Gastric Nerve. 

12. The Pharyngeal Plexus. 

13. The Superior Laryngeal Branch. 

14. Branches to the Pharyngeal Plexus. 

15.15. Communication of the Superior and Inferior Laryngeal Nerves. 

16. Cardiac Branches. 

17. Cardiac Branches from the Right Pneumo-Gastric Nerve. 

18. The Left Cardiac Ganglion and Plexus. 

19. The Recurrent or Inferior Laryngeal Nerve. 

20. Branches sent from the curve of the Recurrent Nerve to the Pulmo- 

nary Plexus. 

21. The Anterior Pulmonary Plexus. 
22.22. The (Esophageal Plexus. 

Prom the course of the pneumogastric nerve and its 
distribution, ycu can see the intimate relation existing 
between the stomach, heart and lungs, and thus more 
fully understand why it is that dyspeptics often im- 
agine they have heart disease or some disease of the 
lungs. In this plate you can see the nerve branches 
leading to the heart, lungs, pharynx and larynx. 

The branches from the right side supply the pos- 
terior portion of the lung and stomach, and those from 
the left, the root of the left lung and the anterior sur- 
face of the stomach. It can be seen, then, that through 
reflex action by the pneumogastric nerve and its 
branches, aided by the great sympathetic plexus, other 
parts of the body are brought to suffer in sympathy 
with the diseased stomach of the dyspeptic. The suf- 
ferer from this malady complains of pain in the 
breast, palpitation of the heart, dyspnoea, or a feeling 
11 






162 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



of suffocation, and very often physicians not well up 
in pathology and diagnosis conclude that, instead of 
dyspepsia, the sufferer has disease of the heart or lungs. 
I have examined very many whose hearts were sound, 
but who daily, yes hourly, expected to die from heart 
disease, most of whom were cured of dyspepsia, and 
consequently of their supposed heart troubles. 




Glossopharyngeal trunk. 

Vagus. 

Spinal accessory. 

Jugular ganglion. 

Petrosal ganglion. 

Jacobson's nerve. 

Auricular branch. 

Root ganglion of vagus. 

Trunk ganglion of vagus. 

Branch joining the petrosal and 
upper ganglion of the vagus. 

Small part of spinal accessory. 

Chief part of spinal accessory. 

Pharyngeal branch of vagus. 

Superior laryngeal branch of va- 
gus. 



Diagram of the Eighth Nerve, or the Pneumogastric and its 
Branches. (After Smith and Horner.) 

As I have previously hinted, I now declare and pro- 
pose to show that the mental form of dyspepsia is the 
worst. Excessive brain labor or anxiety is its cause, 
and as it is difficult to stop the suffer from thinking 
and worrying, it becomos a correspondingly difficult 
form of the disease to treat successfully. Hundreds of 
our aspiring young men and young women unwittingly 
lay the foundation for this form of dyspepsia with 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 163 

shattered nervous systems and the long list of ills that 
are ever its attendants, and this, too, at a time in their 
lives when they should be at the height of their glory. 
Excessive mental activity, then, is the prime cause of 
this form of the malady Ave are considering ; and as in 
turn the excitability of the brain, or tendency to think, 
is intensified by the excessive acidity of the stomach, 
you find we have a complex trouble, or, as has been 
already said, a wheel working within a wheel. Oh ! 
how heartrending is a spectacle of this kind. The 
more we think, the more we impair our already weak- 
ened digestive apparatus ; and the more our digestion 
is weakened, the greater is our worry, and the more 
we are disposed, or rather rendered susceptible, to busi- 
ness cares. Every effort of the mind uses up a por- 
tion of brain element; and when the stomach fails to 
digest the food, and material is not furnished through 
the blood to compensate for the molecular destruction 
going on in the grey matter of the brain, we must 
soon suffer for want of nerve power throughout the en- 
tire system. I had a patient who died from hemorr- 
hage of the stomach. Almost the entire inner surface 
was denuded of mucous membrane until the capillaries 
and veinous radicals were destroyed and the long-suf- 
fering dyspeptic bled to death. This hemorrhagic type 
of the trouble is generally due to long-continued bil- 
iousness, or ulcers and cancers of the stomach. 

All sufferers from this disease should endeavor to 
find out the cause, and proceed at once to remove it as 
soon as discovered. If idleness has had anything to do 
with your malady, go to work at once ; if bad habits, 
discontinue them ; if overworked, mentally or physi- 
cally, put on the brakes, moderate your zeal. What- 
ever the cause be, and it must be one of many, avoid 



164 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

it ; stop it ; do the reverse. Dyspeptics expect more 
from nature and medicine than reason or common 
sense warrants. No sane man can expect to continue 
in the practices that brought on his disease, and, at the 
same time, be cured of it. If a person take a dose of 
arsenic, and you administer an emetic, and the antidote, 
hydrated sesqui-oxide of iron, thus thwarting the ef- 
fects of the poison ; and no sooner have you brought 
about a change for the better than the person again 
swallows a deadly dose of the same poison, what are 
you to do or think? You are unable, of course, to 
bring about a healthy condition of that person so long 
as he or she persists in swallowing the poison just as 
soon as you have nullified its terrible effects. Habits 
and practices that are injurious must be broken off. 
It is often the case that persons suffering with indiges- 
tion have abnormal appetites. These continue to eat 
and eat until pain from a distended state of the stomach 
warns them to desist. Under such circumstances an 
atonic or relaxed state of the stomach is invariably 
accompanied by an acid condition, the result of fer- 
mentation, and the stomach is converted into a brew- 
er's vat or tub. This excessive acidity of the stomach 
irritates the mucous membrane of that organ, which 
gives rise to an unnatural thirst, poisons the blood, 
depresses the brain, and subjects the patient to a sort 
of gaseous stupefaction or intoxication, so that he fre- 
quently staggers when he walks. With the other forms 
of this malady we often observe a state of chronic gas- 
tritis, inflammation of the stomach, or, at least, an ap- 
proach to that condition in which the sufferer can not 
retain food in his stomach, emesis coming on after eat- 
ing certain kinds of food, and the stomach empties 
itself of its entire contents. Sometimes these efforts at 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 165 

ejectment are attended with great pain, convulsions, and 
sometimes death ; although, as a rule, few persons die 
from indigestion ; usually other diseases carry them off. 
We have another form of dyspepsia, which is directly 
due to constipation, or a lack of tone and peristaltic ac- 
tion, resulting in engorgement or damming up the bile 
and consequent impairment of the stomach. In all cases 
of indigestion, and especially in the bilious form of 
the disease just mentioned, regularity of the bowels 
and punctuality in responding to nature's calls should 
be rigidly observed. 

I might observe here, in a general way, that I have 
seen dyspeptic persons whose hopes and aspirations 
were so blasted that even life was burdensome to them. 
What a deplorable sight it is to behold a person in the 
prime of life all torn to pieces, full of gloomy fore- 
bodings, forever anticipating disaster, dejected and 
continually sighing. When he shakes your hand he 
gives it a tame, deathly sort of a twist, and you feel as 
if you were handling the hand of a dead person — be- 
cause of its coldness and clamminess to the touch. His 
eyes appear dull and hazy ; he looks at you as if you 
were but vapor, and he desired to gaze beyond. When 
answering questions as to how he feels, he describes 
his long list of real and imaginary ailments as with 
his last breath. When he tries to walk he has a shuf- 
fling sort of motion, and he plods along with his head 
and shoulders thrown forward ; when he attempts to 
sit down he extends his thin cold hands behind to the 
chair or sofa to let himself down easy, as if he were 
an aged man loaded down with decrepitude. In fact, 
all dyspeptics are starving creatures, whose tissues are 
not kept up to the standard of health, because of de- 
fective nutrition. 






166 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LIFE OF 

The stomach is a hollow organ or sack, the alimen- 
tary canal being dilated in forming it at this point. 
It is irregular in shape, and curved upon itself; the 
lower portion being four times the length of the upper. 
Transversely, in the adult, it is about twelve inches, 
and vertically, about four inches; and, according to 
Clendenning, it weighs about four and one-half ounces. 
It has two openings, one the oesophageal or cardiac 
orifice, which communicates with the oesophagus or 
meat pipe, which conveys food to the stomach ; and 
the other which we call the pyloric orifice, communi- 
cating with the duodenum. At this point there is a 
little door or valve, whose office is to close against all 
foods not properly liquified. The food must pass 
downward when liquified. It sometimes does pass 
with the protest of this sentinel entered against it; 
but, after a certain time, up or down, it must go out 
of the stomach, or the person will have convulsions or 
apoplexy. Children sometimes have convulsions in 
this way from over-eating or indigestion. The stom- 
ach has four coats : A serous, a muscular, a cellular, 
and a mucous. The mucous coat contains the gastric 
follicles, which are situated perpendicularly, side by 
side, throughout the entire membrane, giving to it a 
honey-comb appearance. Here also are the mucous 
and peptic glands, secreting the gastric mucous and 
the gastric juice, respectively. The arteries supply- 
ing the stomach are five in number : • The coronaria 
ventriculi, the pyloric, the right and left gastro- 
epiploic and the vasa brevia. The lymphatics are 
numerous, and consist of a deep-seated and a super- 
ficial set. The nerves supplying this organ, as we 
have alreadly seen, are the right and left parvagum, or 
pneumogastric, and branches from the great sympa- 



XIFE AND HYGIENE. 



167 




Human Alimentary Canal. 

a, (Esophagus ; b, stomach ; c, cardiac orifice ; d, pylorus ; e, small intes- 
tine ; /, biliary duct ; g, pancreatic duct ; h, ascending colon ; i, transverse 
colon ; j, descending colon ; k, rectum. 



168 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

thetic. The gastric juice is the solvent of the food. It is 
colorless, or slightly amber ; has little, if any taste, and 
is acid to test paper. The following table shows the 
analysis of the gastric juice of the dog, made up from 
comparisons from various analyses by Lehman, Bid- 
der and Schmidt : 

Water 975.00 

Organic matter 15.00 

Lactic acid 4.78 

Chloride of sodium 1.70 

Chloride of potassium 1.08 

Chloride of calcium 0.20 

Chloride of ammonium 0.65 

Phosphate of lime 1.48 

Phosphate of magnesia 0.06 

Phosphate of iron 0.05 



Total 1.000.00 



♦ 



In place of lactic acid, Bidder and Schmidt found in 
most of their analyses hydro-chloric acid. Lehman 
admits the presence of small quantities of hydro-chloric 
acid, but regards lactic acid as the most abundant and 
important ingredient of the two. The most important 
element of the gastric juice, aside from free acid, is the 
organic matter or " ferment " called pepsin, (from the 
Greek Tt£<pis), coction, digestion. Dr. Beaumont's table, 
showing the length of time certain foods require for di- 
gestion, was discovered by him while experimenting 
upon a Canadian boatman named Alexis St. Martin. 
This St. Martin had a permanent fistula of the stomach, 
the result of a gunshot wound. The doctor was a close 
observer of the process of digestion in this man from 
1825 to 1832. He discovered by experimenting that 
the gastric juice dissolved food, even out of the stom- 
ach, in a bottle at a temperature of 100° F. The re- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 169 

quired times for the digestion of specified foods are as 
follows, according to observations : 

Articles of food. Hours. Minutes. 

Pigs' feet 1 00 

Tripe 1 00 

Trout (broiled) 1 30 

Venison steak 1 35 

Milk (boiled) 2 00 

Boasted turkey 2 30 

Eoasted beef 3 00 

Roasted mutton. 3 15 

Veal (broiled) 4 00 

Salt beef (boiled) 4 15 

Eoasted pork 5 15 

This table of time for digestion is very correct, and 
will be found to correspond with the experience of all,, 
the only deviation being those arising from tempera- 
ment and habits, and from sickness also, as this tabu- 
lation presupposes good health. 

The fats and oils forming portions of our food are 
not acted upon in the stomach by the gastric juice ; 
they pass into the duodenum, and are there emulsified 
by the pancreatic juice, and taken up into the circula- 
tion through the thoracic duct. The fats and oils 
must have passed the orifices of the biliary and pan- 
creatic ducts before the process of emulsification be- 
gins. The composition of the pancreatic juice is thus 
tabulated : 

Water 900.76 

Organic Matter (pancreatine) 90.38 

Chloride of Sodium 7.36 

Free Soda 0.32 

Phosphate of Soda «.. 0.45 

Sulphate of Soda 0.10 

Sulphate of Potassa 0.02 

f Lime 0.54 

Combinations^ Magnesia 0.05 

( Oxide of Iron 0.02 

1.000.00 



170 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

The pancreatic juice is coagulated by heat and also 
by nitric acid and alcohol. If brought in contact with 
oily matter at the temperature of the body, in health 
98J° or 99°, it disintegrates or is converted into a 
creamy-looking fluid. The absorbents take up cer- 
tain portions of the food, necessary to build up the 
system, and the blood vessels are also similarly em- 
ployed. Through the thoracic duct the chyle is car- 
ried into the left subclavian vein, thence to the 
right side of the heart, and to the lungs, where the 
blood is oxygenated and sent on its rounds to re- 
new the wasted portions of the body. It can be 
easily perceived, then, that not alone in the stomach, 
but throughout the entire alimentary tract, digestion 
and absorption take place. We must not obstruct 
"these processes, especially that of digestion. 

From what I have taught you of the nature and 
operations of the digestive apparatus, you can not but 
be impressed with the necessity of obeying at least the 
general laws governing life and health. Eat nothing 
but wholesome food ; let it be properly cooked ; eat at 
regular intervals, and not oftener than three times 
daily; do not eat too much nor too rapidly; keep 
your business, your troubles, your sorrows, your anger, 
your griefs, your losses, your disappointments, your 
cares, and the whole brood of such saddening, melan- 
choly vipers, out of your dining-room ; say to these 
pests that they must wait for the second table, as you 
are accustomed to dine only with your friends. Ev- 
ery meal in the family, or in the boarding-house, or 
hotel, should be a feast of joy, mirth and good cheer. 
Conversations on topics of a lively, mirthful and ele- 
vating nature should be indulged in ; stories and talks 
as to sickness, sufferings and death-bed scenes should 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 171 

never be allowed at the table. Solemnity and moodi- 
ness are equally out of place there, and all such should 
give place to happiness, flowers, paintings and sunshine. 
These considerations should form a part of table eti- 
quette, and should be inculcated in the minds of all 
children. All should observe them more than the la- 
bored and artistic use of knife and fork, or even atti- 
tude, whether erect or bending over, which position, to 
be natural, must be easy, not restrained. If these sug- 
gestions as to food, its quality, and the quantity and 
cooking, also the manner of regaling ourselves, are ob- 
served, I am confident that much good will result in 
the way of health. 

Touching the quantity, and I might add quality of 
food for sick or complaining persons, I can not refrain 
from narrating a true incident. A lazy, gourmandizing, 
able-bodied farmer was lying around his house com- 
plaining of being sick, while his son was plowing corn ; 
he prevailed upon his wife to make him some apple 
dumplings. She made him six large ones. When 
dinner was called the son was proceeding to help him- 
self to a dumpling, when the old gent objected and said, 
"Son, you are in good health, and do not need such 
dainties ; papa is sick and in need of delicacies," and 
so saying the old gourmandizer appropriated the six. 
Poor man ! what a very delicate fix he was in. 

A friend of mine, the late Dr. Benjamin Puckett, of 
Winchester, Indiana, is responsible for this statement : 
He said he advised a lady whose husband was conva- 
lescing from a severe attack of typhoid fever to give 
him light, nutritious diet only. The lady, full of 
good intentions but of poor judgment, at once procured 
some cracklings and fed them to her husband, cackling 
all the while, "good cracklings, John, good cracklings ; 



172 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



eat some." John did eat some, and it took him six 
weeks more to get acquainted with himself. 

From eating improperly cooked pork, you can get 
tape worm or trichina. Much has been recently said 
in the newspapers and periodicals throughout the world 




Tape Worm. (After Hartshorne.) 

about these parasites that dwell in the American hog. 
As I have shown you a cut of the trichinae in my lec- 
ture on hygiene, I now show you a drawing of the 
tamia solium, tape worm ; this worm grows to be from 
a few feet to several yards in length. . 

Roast meats should be w r ell done, and steaks should 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 173 

be broiled, never fried. Avoid hot bread, especially 
when made with baking powder containing alum in- 
stead of cream of tartar. Rich pastry should never be 
indulged in, especially by those suffering from indi- 
gestion ; pies, cakes, puddings, pickles and sweetmeats 
of all kinds are positively injurious to persons with 
sound stomachs ; and those who are already afflicted 
with dyspepsia can not reasonably hope to improve so 
long as they continue to outrage their stomachs by 
such villainous diet. Drink not at all what is now 
called tea or coffee ; but if you must drink, except at 
the time of meals, let your beverage be natural, never 
alcoholic, unless prescribed by a physician. Beer is 
often beneficial in the atonic form of the malady if not 
used to excess. The excessive use of distilled liquors, 
besides blunting the sensibilities, bringing on stupefac- 
tion by poisoning the brain, and preys, most ruinously, 
upon the stomach by inflaming and burning the mu- 
cous membrane. Its excessive use also demoralizes ; it 
degrades and damns a man, converts him into a being 
lower than the beast. It has caused some of the noblest 
persons to lie, steal, swear and cheat, aye ! even to com- 
mit murder and suicide. What we give to our children 
to eat and drink has much to do with building up their 
intellect and physique or tearing them down ; and yet, 
how common it is for parents to say, "Let the children 
have all they want of anything on the table." Do you 
do this in the case of your horses or stock ? No ! you 
ascertain how much is suitable for them, and then you 
give them what you consider a sufficient quantity to 
sustain them and no more, lest they founder as it is 
termed regarding horses. You never think of the pos- 
sibility of your dear little children foundering. Par- 
ents, do for mercy's sake take as good care of your 



174 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

children as you do of your stock. Children often get 
colic and diarrhoea, and sometimes die from the effects 
of over eating and drinking. They should be protected 
from injuries resulting from such practices. 

Regularity as to the hours for meals is also a very 
important consideration; all should endeavor to have 
their meals at as near the same hour each day as possi- 
ble. Children who are growing and take much exer- 
cise need more food, in proportion, and oftener than 
adults ; and the manual laborer needs more than the 
mental worker. We need food containing more fat in 
winter than in summer. A person of the bilious tem- 
perament usually eats more than the person of the san- 
guine temperament ; to this, there are exceptions, as a 
matter of course. The height or weight of the in- 
dividual has nothing to do in indicating the amount 
of food needed to sustain life. The people of America 
eat too much and too rapidly ; hence, we are a nation 
of dyspeptics. We must learn how to eat, work, sleep 
and recreate, if we wish to escape dyspepsia, or be- 
come cured of it, if we are unfortunate enough to be 
its victims. 

The physiology of digestion and the pathology of 
indigestion I have more than outlined to you. By 
speech and illustration I have presented to you impor- 
tant truths and professional deductions of great value, 
should you recognize and practice them. Not only in 
regard to that serious disease dyspepsia, but touching 
others also, have I put you on your guard, and sug- 
gested as to how you can escape and avoid both the 
one and the numerous others. 

And now, in conclusion, I might add that I need 
not urge you on in your quest for happiness. This is 
quite natural to all ; but I must caution you against 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 175 

that listlessness which, in this respect, renders your 
seekings vain and your desires unrequited. All would 
eat, but few would work ; yet, labor that you may eat, 
is the law. All would be happy, yet few would live 
so circumspectly as to be at all times in accord with 
the conditions to such a blissful state. It is just so 
with respect to health. Those who suffer pain cry out 
to be relieved from it, and those only who suffered or 
are suffering are the ones to rightly appreciate health. 
With the great masses of mankind, health, though pos- 
sessed, is a boon unknown ; hence thousand's are daily 
trifling with this good gift by throwing the reins upon 
passion's neck. A good possessed without earning it, 
and acquired without the exercise of care, is a thing 
or condition that is cheap — very cheap, indeed. 

Now, in this connection, no good thing is cheap. 
Health is transmitted or is a good gift ; but thought, 
care, labor, self-denial and patience are the measure of 
its high price and great worth. Learn the heaven- 
written laws that govern your being, and if you have 
been outraging these natural regulations for some time 
past, so as to become sufferers thereby, go at once to a. 
physician, to the priest of the body, and have your 
maladies healed and be instructed in the laws of life 
and of health. 



176 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 



CATARRH (CORYZA.) 



The first matter of interest to an individual not 
already a sufferer from catarrh , should be how to ward 
off its assaults. The feet should be properly clad with 
shoes or boots with thick soles, both in winter and 
summer, to protect them from excessive cold and heat ; 
the stockings should not be so heavy as to produce 
sweating, neither should they be too light ; rubber 
shoes should never be worn in the house or when the 
weather is so warm as to cause the feet to sweat. 

The clothing of the body should be sufficiently com- 
fortable; but too much clothing is very pernicious. 
Overcoats should at all times be removed when in the 
house ; wraps around the neck are injurious, and favor 
catarrhal, nose, throat and lung troubles ; simply turn- 
ing up the collar of the overcoat is usually sufficient ; 
but where the person has to take a long ride in the 
country during cold, and more especially windy weather, 
or where he has to face a cold north-west wind, it 
might then be advisable to use a wrap around the 
neck ; but if that be done, it should never be carried 
to the extreme that is common among our farmers of 
wrapping long mufflers around the neck until the en- 
tire head and face are almost obscured by them. The 
drawers and undershirts should be of flannel, which 
should be worn both summer and winter, but not too 
heavy in summer; all of which should be removed 
«very night, and a night shirt or gown of canton flannel 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 177 

should be worn during sleep. When a person is ex- 
posed to the cold, or is compelled to face a cold wind, 
he should breathe through his nose and talk but little ; 
or if the weather be intensely cold, he should not talk 
at all. Persons who have weak lungs or are already 
suffering from catarrh might with benefit use Jeffries' 
respirator over the mouth and nose while thus exposed, 
or when riding against the wind. Standing, sitting 
or sleeping in a draught, between open windows or 
doors, or standing in cold weather out of doors any 
length of time, or with head uncovered, as at the 
grave during services^ as is commonly practiced, is a 
dangerous exposure. Such reverence is ill-timed and 
uncalled for, and should be entirely abolished by all 
religious bodies and secret orders. The practice of 
baptism by immersion, during the winter, in streams 
of water, and of cutting the ice for space in which to 
immerse, can not be too greatly condemned, and no 
intelligent minister should countenance it for a mo- 
ment. That thousands are thus immersed and appar- 
ently suffer no inconvenience, I frankly admit ; but so, 
also, will you see men daily debauching themselves by 
the excessive use of alcohol, and yet very many live to 
attain great age. So also of the inveterate smoker 
and chewer of tobacco. We find men and women who 
consume sufficient opium or morphine in one day to 
kill fifteen or twenty persons, and yet live to be quite 
old. Every breach of nature's fixed laws are sins for 
which the violators must suffer sooner or later. It 
matters not whether a plunge in the water on a winter 
day, be by immersion, to save the life of a drowning 
woman or child, or by accident, the outrage upon the 
physical organization is the same, and may result in 
12 



178 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

coryza, acute catarrh, or pneumonitis, lung fever, or 
arouse to action latent tubercles, and send the violators 
of God's law to premature graves. Religious faith 
will not heal a wound or arrest an inflammation; 
neither will it prevent .colds resulting from undue ex- 
posure or outrages upon the physiological laws. If 
you wish to be Christians, it is just as essential to 
obey God's laws hygienically and physiologically as it 
is morally. Ignorance of the laws of God and nature 
makes bigots and tyrants. Catarrh is so very prevalent 
that it is deserving of special consideration. Usually 
the sufferer first experiences a congested or stuffed-up 
condition of the nose, attended with more or less fever 
or pain ; the eyes weep, and soon the nose discharges a 
hot, watery secretion, which, in two or three days, as- 
sumes a muco-purulent character. This form of ca- 
tarrh is termed acute nasal catarrh. It frequently at- 
tacks the larynx and trachea, producing a cough, and 
often completes its work of destruction by traveling 
down into the bronchii, even to the smaller ramifica- 
tions and capillary air cells. It is then designated 
catarrhal bronchitis, and when the air cells are impli- 
cated, it is termed capillary bronchitis, and at this 
stage becomes very fatal to infants and the aged. The 
exudations fill up the capillary air cells, and prevent 
the oxygenation of the blood, and thereby cut off res- 
piration. It is frequently called catarrhal or bronchial 
pneumonia. If the sufferer does not die or fully re- 
cover from the acute attack, the inflammatory action 
partially subsides, leaving the mucous membrane and 
capillary vessels in a relaxed condition, and a muco- 
purulent matter is poured out or excreted upon the 
free surface. Gastro-hepatic catarrh is another form 
of this disease, and is an inflammation of the mucous 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 179 1 

membrane of the alimentary track, implicating the gall 
duct of the liver, resulting in vomiting and indigestion, 
with more or less pain. These are the indications of the 
acute and sub-acute stages of the disease, the sub-acute 
form is a condition midway between the acute and the 
chronic, and prevails when nature is unable to per- 
form a cure unaided. If bronchial catarrh is not 
arrested by the aid of appropriate remedies, it results 
in ulceration, attended with a very offensive dis- 
charge of greenish pus; the breath becomes so of- 
fensive as to make the victims a burden to them- 
selves and obnoxious to family and friends. It has 
now reached the stage called chronic bronchial, 
catarrh, and all persons afflicted with this form of 
the disease should not be permitted to occupy sleeping 
apartments with healthy members of the family, or 
sleep in a room unventilated, or bathe in the vessels 
used b} f others ; as the matter discharged is more or 
less infectious, persons in perfect health may become 
inoculated with the poison thus thrown off. Another 
danger from this disease is when it attacks the eustach- 
ian tubes and implicates the tympanum, drum, of the 
ear, causing that organ to become inflamed and thick- 
ened, leaving the person dull of hearing. Persons 
thus afflictd often experience a sensation similar to that 
caused by the explosion of a cap or percussion match 
near the ear, followed by a roaring noise, or metalic, 
bell-like sound, which the superstitious call a death- 
knell or warning of approaching sorrow to some mem- 
ber of the family. It is a warning that you are a suf- 
ferer from catarrh of one or both ears, and if neglected, 
that you may become deaf. Let those sounds you 
hear be a warning to you of approaching danger to 
your hearing. The tympana, drums, of your ears are 



180 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

being injured by an insidious foe, and before you fully 
realize your danger, they will be muffled, and can not 
respond to the delicate sound-waves, and you will find 
you are either totally deaf or very dull of hearing. 
Catarrh frequently attacks the eyes, and also the lach- 
rymal ducts, through which the tears flow into the nos- 
trils. When the eye is attacked, it is then termed ca- 
tarrhal conjunctivitis ; if it be the lachrymal duct, it is 
termed dacryocystitis. The matter of either will com- 
municate the disease to healthy persons. Never use 
the same bowl or towel used by persons so diseased, 
whether the disease be in the first, second or third 
stage — acute, sub-acute, or chronic. 

When the lachrymal ducts become involved, the 
tears flow over the cheeks, the ducts being closed up 
by inflammation. Abscesses sometimes take place in 
these canals, and they become permanently closed. 
When persons become so afflicted they have what is 
commonly called weeping eyes. This difficulty is cur- 
able if properly treated ; but it often requires weeks 
and even months to effect a permanent cure. Persons 
thus afflicted should employ an oculist of skill. Those 
who profess to cure these chronic diseases in a few 
days, or by a few treatments, are impostors and quacks, 
no matter whether they are traveling or permanently 
located with you. If you are afflicted with this dis- 
ease do not procrastinate, but buckle on your armor 
and fight for your health, if you do not wish to throw 
it away. 

Chronic catarrh of the air passages of the nose is 
the form which is the most prevalent. It differs much 
in different persons, and also in severity ; some have 
it for years in a very mild form, whilst others are 
greatly afflicted with it, because of the disgusting dis- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



181 



charge of a very offensive character, and of a greenish 
yellow color, sometimes almost like water ; whilst in 
others it is thick like pus — matter, and stains white 
linen. Again, the discharge may be in the form of 
greenish scabs, a complete or partial cast of the nose 
dry on its inner surface, and purulent on its outer sur~ 




Chronic Nasal Catarrh. (After Robinson.) 

Treatment of chronic nasal catarrh, with the douche spray attached to Geo. 
Tiemann's universal douche. 



face. This form is of all the most distressing, as it is 
frequently quite difficult to bring the scabs away by 
blowing the nose. I have seen cases where those scabs 
were over an inch long and hollow, a complete shell 
or cast of the mucous tract, and so offensive that flies 
would follow the sufferer ; and yet I have treated and 
cured such cases ; but it often requires from six months 



182 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

to three years. But few will continue the treatment 
sufficiently long to overcome this loathesome and dis- 
gusting malady. Ulceration often supervenes, and the 
vomer partition of the nose is eaten through, the nasal 
bones become necrosed, diseased or dead, and come 
away, permitting the fleshy part of the bridge of the 
nose to flatten. This is a great misfortune, resulting 
in grave and permanent deformity. I do not think 
that persons free from strumous taints, such as scrofula, 
tuberculosis, or syphilis, will often suffer to that ex- 
tent, yet such may be possible. When the disease as- 
sumes the form I have described it is frequently called 
ozsena, a word derived from the Greek o£atva y mean- 
ing offensive breath from the nose. In this form 
of the disease constitutional or alterative remedies are 
absolutely essential, while local remedies must be used 
to correct the foetor — bad smell, as well as the ulcera- 
tion, all of which will be fully explained in the lec- 
ture on the treatment. This catarrhal trouble also at- 
tacks the cavities of the superior maxillaries, known 
as the antrum of Highmore or maxillary sinus. When 
such is the case, the patient frequently experiences pain 
in the cheek bones and neuralgia of the teeth of the 
upper jaw. 

We have still another form of catarrh, which is al- 
most free from any secretion. The sufferer complains 
constantly of a parched or dry feeling in the nose and 
throat. In this form of the malady, the lachrymal ducts, 
or tear passages, leading from the inner corners of the 
eyes into the nose, are diminished in size, through a 
thickening of the walls, by the catarrhal inflammation. 
It is common to find such persons suffering from 
chronic sore and red eyes, and the tears flowing over 
the cheeks. In such cases the catarrhal trouble must 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 183 

be treated and the nasal ducts frequently opened with 
probes ; this treatment can only be accomplished suc- 
cessfully by a surgeon of experience, consequently I 
will not attempt to give directions how to proceed in 
such delicate surgical treatment. Children suffering 
with this dry form of the malady do not breathe 
through the mouth as they commonly do in the other 
forms where the passages are partly closed. 

Thousands die annually from this fell disease, some 
not knowing its fatal nature, whilst many others neg- 
lect themselves to save the almighty dollar, until it is 
too late, and the undertaker gets the money. Had 
they employed a good physician they could have pro- 
longed their lives. These same shortsighted misers 
will pay out more money annually for tobacco to chew 
and smoke than it would cost to make a permanent 
cure, and this too in the face of the most direct and 
positive proof that the use of tobacco in any form in- 
creases the virulence of the disease. It is strange but 
too true that people as a rule, will risk their lives over 
and over again rather than pay a physician to cure 
them. 

TREATMENT IN ACUTE CATARRH. 

The treatment in mild cases is very simple ; drink a 
cup of hot ginger tea and take from five to ten grains 
of Dovers' powder or hot lemonade containing a table- 
spoonful of good whisky, on retiring ; in the morning 
take two tablespoonfuls of Rochelle salts or four (F 3) 
pills. In an ague or malarial district quinine or (F 12) 
should be given ; to aged persons, where the patient is 
feeble, ammonia? may also be given as follows : 



184 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

R Animoni muriatici £i. 

Tinct. sanguinarise 3L 

Vini ipecac anuhce 31. 

Aquae destillatae ...%iv. 

Syrupi tolutani ad 3 iii. 

M. Sigrue: A teaspoonful every hour, or when quinine is 
also given, every two hours, giving two grains of quinine every 
two hours between the doses of the mixture; or in place of the 
above mixture give (F 4) in teaspoonful doses every hour. 

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC BRONCHIAL CATARRH. 

In treating chronic catarrh, a lung and general tonic 
must be given. Give (F 4) in tablespoonful doses, or 

R Ammoni muriatici gii. 

Sanguinarinae nitratis grs.ij 

Tincturse cinchonse composite ^ iii. 

Aquae destillatae gss. 

Syrupi tolutani ad ^vi. 

M. Signae: A dessert spoonful every two or three hours 
and use a snuff (F 8) every two or three hours, with powder blower,, 
and where the patient (ex-pectorates) raises much phlegm or mat- 
ter, an atomizer should be used to convey the medicine in the form 
of vapor, directly to the diseased bronchial tubes of the lungs ; 
one such as represented by the cut is sufficient for all ordinary 
uses. Use the following solution : 

R Sodii benzoici giii. 

Tincturae sanguinarise Jjii. 

Glycerinaepurae ^ii. 

Aquae destillatae ad Jvi. 

M. Sig : Fill the bottle and and inhale the spray twice a 
day. 

Keep the bowels regular with (F 3) pills as needed or 
Rochelle salts ; bathe regularly, eat regularly, be tem- 
perate in all things; sleep in a well ventilated room 
with sufficient bedding, kept clean and well aired; 
never spit on the floor, always in a vessel which should 
be cleaned every morning. Much depends on hygienic 
care, with great persevercnce, to overcome chronic 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



185- 



catarrh ; if the patient has constitutional syphilis or 
tuberculosis, a cure is impossible. Agents to give re- 
lief and make life more endurable is all that can be 
looked for. Persons suffering with catarrh as also 
comsumptives would be benefited by going to a warm 
climate in the winter. 




TREATMENT OF CHRONIC XASAL CATARRH. 

The treatment of chronic nasal catarrh consists in 
antisceptics and curatives locally and alteratives and 
tonics internally. To correct the offensive breath, per- 
manganate of potass and carbolic acid are both good 
agents ; take five grains of permanganate of potass to a 
pint of lukewarm rain water, use with a fountain syringe 



3 86 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

or Tieman's Universal douche twice or three times 
a day, or a spray, which is much better ; this will not 
only correct the fcetor, but will also soften the hard crusts 
which frequently form and prevent the annoyance of 
blowing them away in a forcible manner, which is very 
annoying and often painful ; it is necessary to keep the 
ulcerated surface free from those scales or scabs, by the 
free use of warm salt water, and the remedy just men- 
tioned ; then use a snuff (F 8) every three to six hours, 
snuffing into the nostrils or applying with a powder 
blower. If there is any syphilitic taint, take two 
drachms of iodoform, one-half drachm of tannic acid, 
one drachm of sanguiuaria canadensis, mix thoroughly 
and use as a snuff every three hours. This treatment 
must be continued often for months before much im- 
provement is experienced or a cure can be expected. 
I can also recommend the following : 

B Acidi carbolici M xl. 

Boracis. 

Sodii bicarbonatis aa^ii. 

Glycerina? Z V11 - 

Aquae .- ?viii. 

M. 

This is from the celebrated Dr. Dobell, of London ; 
it is used with an instrument by which you can spray 
the entire cavity and soften and wash away all secre- 
tions and it should be used once a day until the scabs 
cease to form, then every second or third day ; the use 
of this instrument is much better than the douche. In 
using the nasal douche, should the patient swallow 
whilst using it, it causes a pressure into the eustachian 
tubes and may rupture or seriously injure the tympanna 
— drums of the ears, and cause deafness ; therefore I 
would advise the use of the spray as much more safe 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 187 

and beneficial ; the perforated catheter can be applied 
to the fountain syringe and used as well as the nozzle 
for the douche. 

Bathing is of great importance, and as a rule the 
bath should be cool — not warm and relaxing — sponging 
off the body every morning, or second morning, should 
be practiced. The water should not be warmer than 
80° Fahrenheit, and by use you may even accustom 
yourself to bathe at the temperature with which it 
comes from the well or faucet ; but it should not run 
lower than 65° as a rule. There are those, however, 
very sensitive to cold water, and also those suffering 
with heart difficulties who might be injured by cold 
baths below 80°. To such I would say, do not attempt 
bathing in cold water without very gradually accus- 
toming yourselves to it, and even then it would be best 
to consult a good physician, for some may never be able 
to accustom themselves to the cold bath without 
danger. In using the cold bath you should first bathe 
the face, neck, hands and arms before going over the 
body. But little time should be employed in the bath, 
and it should be invariably followed with brisk rub- 
bing. Where the person is delicate with a poor circu- 
lation it should not be attempted ; then it should be 
commenced very gradually, lowering the temperature 
half a degree every second or third morning, both of 
the water and the room ; but should there be a poor 
reaction it should be discontinued, unless it is used 
under the direct supervision of a physician. 



188 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



PHTHISIS PULMONALE-, OR, TUBERCULAR 
CONSUMPTION. 



"Wc have three varieties or forms of consumption : 
Acute, chronic and latent. Consumption may begin 
after an attack of lung fever or bronchitis, and it fre- 
quently follows measles, scarlet fever and small-pox. 
The first symptoms may be hemorrhage or spitting 
blood from the lungs, after which follows cough, loss 
of flesh, night sweats, general debility and loss of ap- 
petite. The patient begins to have chills and fever, 
with a hectic blush on one or both cheeks, usually in 
the afternoon ; arrest of the menses in the female, and 
toward the last diarrhoea and dropsy of the feet and 
legs. The spirits of the patient are usually cheerful 
and hopeful of life to the very last. Usually there is 
very little pain, unless the disease is attended with 
pleuritis, then there is severe lancinating pain and dif- 
ficulty of breathing, with great anxiety of expression. 
Professor Chappman gives the following description 
of consumption in. its advanced stage: "The cheeks 
are hollow; the bones prominent; the skin arid; the 
nose sharpened and drawn ; the eyes sunken, with the 
adnata — whites of the eyes a pearl color, destitute of 
vascularity — blood ; the lips retracted, so. as to produce 
a bitter smile, and the hair thinned by falling out; the- 
neck wasted, oblique, and somewhat rigid or immova- 
ble; the shoulder-blades projected or winged; the 
ribs naked or exposed, with diminution of the inter- 
costal spaces, and the thorax apparently narrowed ; the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



189 



abdomen flat ; the joints, both great and small, seem- 
ingly enlarged, from the wasting of the integuments ; 
the nails livid, and occasionally incurvated ; the ex- 
tremities cedematous ; the augular points on which the 




Bronchial Tubes and Blood Vessels of the Lungs. (After Hartshorne.) 

1, left auricle; 2, right auricle; 3, left ventricle; 4, right ventricle; 5, 
pulmonary artery ; 6, arch of the aorta ; 7, superior vena cava : 8, arteries of 
innominata ; 9, left carotid artery ; 10, left sub-clavian artery ; 11, trachea ; 
12, larynx; 13, upper lobe of right lung: 14, upper lobe of left lung; 15, 
main trunk of the pulmonary artery ; 16, lower lobes of the lungs. 

body rests protrudes through the skin ; the whole at- 
tended with a most afflicting cough, apthse, sore throat, 
difficult deglution and feeble whispering voice, or en- 
tire extinction of it." 



190 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

It is useless to enlarge upon the symptoms, as the 
disease is so common as to be understood by all, and 
one worthy of the most serious consideration of all 
mankind. It is a disease that is usually looked upon 
as being incurable ; a disease which when it has at- 
tacked its victim friends and acquaintances shake their 

heads and say it is of no use, Mr. is doomed ; it 

is only a matter of time until death will claim him as 
his own ; and too often the physician makes no attempt 
to arrest the disease, but contents himself by giving 
palliatives, and especially neglects the all important 
matter of shielding a wife and children from danger, 
by advising them not to inhale too much of the pois- 
onous matter or exhalations from his lungs, or of sleep- 
ing in the same room, and especially in the same bed, 
which is commonly done by the poorer classes, with 
whom rooms and beds are scarce. It is indeed, no 
wonder that many families die off, when we consider 
how many violate nature's laws, through ignorance, 
filth and negligence. The abominable food that many 
eat, such as impure milk, diseased meats, adulterated 
sugars and baking powders, are injurious, and, in fact, 
almost all articles of food are adulterated and tend to 
engender disease and court death, because of their im- 
purities. 

You will find it to be worthy of your most serious 
consideration, when you learn that about seventy thou- 
sand (70,000) human beings die annually of consump- 
tion in the United States, making about ten per cent 
of the total death rate. The question I wish to fix in 
your minds for discussion and investigation is, Is con- 
sumption contagious? I believe it to be contagious, 
and that it is frequently contracted by perfectly healthy 
persons through sleeping with those who are afflicted 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 191 

with the disease. And again, it may be acquired by 
eating food in which there are tubercles. It is not 
generally known that cattle are quite as often afflicted 
with this disease as the human race is. Our dairymen 
furnish us milk from cows that have tubercles ; our 
butchers palm off on us their tuberculous meats, and 
we suffer that they may enrich themselves at the cost 
of our health and often our lives. The wretched stalls 
in which dairymen usually keep their cattle, and the 
disgusting refuse from starch factories with which they 
feed them, all have a tendency to disease them and de- 
velop tubercle ; swill milk is an abomination, and in- 
stead of being wholesome for children, is absolutely 
injurious to an alarming extent. Every summer thou- 
sands of children perish of diarrhoeas produced by eat- 
ing unwholesome food, and especially from the use of 
swill milk. 

In searching into this matter, I have conversed 
with leading butchers from various large slaughtering 
houses in cities, and they one and all admit that ab- 
scess of the lungs and liver are very common ; the re- 
sult of tuberculosis. The public, not knowing this, con- 
sumes this diseased meat to a dangerous extent. As 
stated in a former lecture, we find the tape worm in the 
beef, and in the pork, the tape worm and trichina. 

The question naturally arises, how shall we know 
what to eat and drink? As to drink, do not use milk 
in your family when you have doubts of its purity ; try 
and learn something of your dairyman's method of feed- 
ing and caring for his cattle ; visit his dairy and see his 
cattle. As a rule, if they are fat, sleek, lively and free 
from cough, they are sound. Make sure they are fed 
on wholesome food, for if they are not you risk much 



192 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

in eating their flesh or in drinking their milk. Milk 
<3an not be pure if the food is of an impure character. 

The kind of meat to eat is not a question of so much 
importance as the quality ; and if you will eat pork, in 
any form, be sure it has been raised on a farm, well 
cared for, and corn-fed in place of swill or offal from 
starch factories, breweries or cities. But to those of 
you who have neither the time nor the means to gov- 
ern your choice of food, your only refuge is to do all 
in your power in this direction, and bend your ener- 
gies and exert your influence to elect law-makers and 
officials who will make and especially enforce laws 
requiring and compelling all butchers to have their 
<cattle, sheep and hogs inspected, and those found to be 
diseased in any way condemned. By the enforcement 
of such laws, we may with more safety use meat and 
milk. That tuberculosis can be acquired by eating 
tuberculous meat is unquestionably true ; and the ex- 
periments I shall relate certainly prove it beyond 
a doubt. I know, from personal observation, that 
families of uncleanly habits, where bathing is neglected 
or never thought of, the members of which live upon 
unwholesome and improperly cooked food, are the 
ones who are the most afflicted with tuberculosis and 
scrofulous sores and ulcers about the neck and body. 
That persons can contract consumption by eating dis- 
eased food, by inhaling the breath of persons so dis- 
eased, and by living in damp, filthy, illy-ventilated 
apartments, is sufficiently proven beyond doubt or 
controversy. 

I will give you a few reliable reports, by which you 
may be guided in arriving at a correct conclusion. 
Assertions are of little power, unless backed up by the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 193 

proof and facts. These I shall proceed to give you in 
the course of this lecture. 

There are two theories discussed, at this time, in re- 
lation to the cause of jihthisis pulmonalis. The first 
theory supposes an altered condition of the blood, orig- 
inating in a perversion of nutrition. This condition 
is believed by some to be due to vitiated air, and to 
eating diseased meats ; by others to imperfect assimi- 
lation of food; and by still others to an hereditary 
taint. The second theory regards it as the result of 
increased cell development, or a new growth ; but it 
would be useless for me to burden you with the differ- 
ent theories advanced as to its origin and causes, fur- 
ther than is necessary to warn you against laying your- 
selves liable to acquiring it; or, if you have it, to 
inspire you with hope and courage — to give you advice 
how, with proper care and treatment, you may possibly 
overcome it. I know that very many of my readers, 
and perchance some of you who may have read much 
upon the subject, but are old fogies and behind the 
times, will sneer at the idea of this disease being cur- 
able under any circumstances ; nevertheless it is a fact 
that many cases of consumption may be cured if 
treated properly. I will quote from John Hughes 
Bennett, M. D., F. E. S. E. : "Phthisis Pulmonalis, up 
to a comparatively recent date, was not only regarded 
as a very dangerous disease, but as one which was uni- 
formly fatal. At present, so far from phthisis being 
considered to be uniformly or even generally fatal, it 
is admitted that treatment can, in a great majority of 
cases, prolong life, whilst in many, the number of 
which is annually increasing, a complete and perma- 



13 



194 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

nent cure may be effected. This revolution in our 
prognosis of the disease is due — 

"1. To the facts arrived at by morbid anatomy, 
which discoveries are due to repeated post mortems. 

"2. To a more perfect theory and pathology or 
knowledge of the disease ; and, 

" 3. To the more rational mode of treatment. 

" In my work on Pulmonary Consumption will be 
found full details of the arrest of the disease in its most 
advanced stage, the individuals not only being alive 
still, but having enjoyed excellent health since their 
recovery, for periods varying from ten to twenty-five 
years. I confidently look to the future as affording 
means for demonstrating the ratio and conditions un- 
der which the prognosis of phthisis may be determined. 

" In the meantime, I can only express my convictions 
that its permanent arrestment and cure is by judicious 
treatment and hygienic management, becoming every 
day more frequent and more widely extended. 

"In the earlier periods of phthisis the prognosis should 
be guarded, but yet we should encourage such patients ; 
the more slowly it advances, the less fever and ema- 
ciation, and the better the appetite the more probability 
exists of an arrestment of the disease. In the second 
stage the favorable symptoms are limitation of the 
disease to one lung, dullness not extensive and not in- 
creasing rapidly, expectoration moderate, emaciation 
not great, appetite fair, and able to take exercise. The 
unfavorable symptoms are just the converse. 

" In the third stage the favorable signs are the exist- 
ence of a cavity in one lung ; the expectoration and 
gurgling gradually diminishing and the cavity becom- 
ing dry ; the other lung being sound, or slightly af- 
fected and without a tendency to extend." 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 195 

It must be plain to you when such an authority as 
J. Hughes Bennett claims to have cured many cases, 
that it is neither quackery nor misrepresentation to state 
that many cases of consumption can be cured if prop- 
erly treated, and that, too, in all of the three stages. 
But of course the chances for recovery are not so great 
in the second, and still less in the third stage. How- 
ever, cases are on record where patients in the third 
stage have been cured. The treatment up to a recent 
date has been almost entirely palliative and not cura- 
tive, usually just the reverse, the remedies generally 
employed to palliate and relieve the unfavorable symp- 
toms creating more indigestion and atony of the 
stomach from their nauseating and anodyne influence. 

This disease, above all others, needs a tonic and 
stimulating course to build up the digestion, and tone 
up the entire circulatory and absorbent system, thereby 
aiding nature to build up, not thwart and tear down, 
by the administration of disgusting or sickening ex- 
pectorants, which very many physicians prescribe. 
The many patent compounds being of the same nature 
in their effects, expectorants and cough mixtures are 
not only useless, but injurious, and should never be 
given. All persons who have consumption by heredity 
should ever be on the alert ; live moral and temperate 
in all things ; observing regular habits ; eating whole- 
some food; bathing every other night in summer, and 
at least twice a week in winter, and in a properly 
heated and ventilated room. Never by any means 
bathe in water cold enough to chill you, or in a room 
uncomfortable in temperature. When you have a 
slight cough, do not neglect it, but at once use such 
tonics as will give you relief, and in many cases per- 
form a permanent cure, of which I will speak farther 



196 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

on. Thousands die annually with consumption who 
might have been saved had they consulted a well qual- 
ified physician in time, and followed his advice to the 
letter. I warn all who are in the incipient stage of 
this disease, or who have a slight cough, and feel weak 
and languid, accompanied by failing strength, loss 
of flesh, and loss of appetite, to go at once and consult 
a good physician. The belief that consumption, in all 
cases, is incurable, I know to be fallacious and untrue. 
Why should a tubercle in the lungs be impossible to 
heal, when the healing of scrofulous or tuberculous 
sores in any other part of the body is of every day 
occurrence? I believe that thousands die of this 
disease from want of invigorating exercise and pure 
air. They sit around and think and fret themselves 
into premature graves ; the constant drain upon their 
nervous system having finished the work. When too 
late they exclaim, why did I not follow out my physi- 
cian's orders ? Why did I not seek a change of climate ? 
In England, France and in the United States con- 
sumption is found in the luxurious homes of the 
wealthy, as well as in the homes of the poorer classes, 
and in both it is the result, to a great extent, of ex- 
haustion. The wealthy are prematurely worn into it, 
while the poor are starved and frozen into it, or insid- 
iously drawn into it by the noxious air they breathe 
and the impure food they eat. "Civilization is the 
agent of consumption ; the fearful death rate from this 
disease our city reports attest." We hope a few more 
years will see a marked change in the treatment of this 
dread malady, and that a physician when called to at- 
tend a person who has consumption, or is threatened 
with it, will take hold of the case as earnestly as though 
it were a fever. 



TJFE AND HYGIENE. 197 

The frequent use of the bath, with plenty of exer- 
cise, good nourishing food, proper ventilation, the 
rooms of the patient perfectly clean, attendants watch- 
ful to aid the physician in his efforts, and the physician 
watchful to note every change, with a determination to 
get his patient well, and not to follow in the old 
groove by giving his patients medicine to keep them 
quiet simply, and to merely relieve the cough, and 
wait for the King of Terrors to relieve him of the 
poor sufferer. Inspire your patient with hope and fear 
combined ; and you who have only a simple cough do 
not neglect it, or trifle with it, for it may be the ad- 
vance agent of consumption, and death. 

The consumptive is full of hope, but, unfortunately, 
seldom makes the proper effort to get well, and is al- 
most invariably grasping at shadows, by jumping from 
one patent nostrum to another, or constantly changing 
physicians. Such practices must result in death ; how 
could it be otherwise? Diet is of great importance in 
this disease ; yet few eat properly or enough, but claim 
they eat heartily. By all means let the diet be gener- 
ous. Cream, boiled milk, from healthy cows, that are 
fed on wholesome food, eggs, butter, toasted bread, and 
all kinds of meats, but only from animals that were sound 
and healthy, also fresh vegetables and farinaceous pud- 
dings. The cooking must be well done and palatable ; 
poor and slovenly cooks, by their pernicious system 
of cookery, help fill our cemeteries ; and yet, alas ! how 
few good cooks are to be found ; often the mistress of 
the household being as ignorant of the art of cooking 
as the servant. Mothers, teach your daughters how to 
cook ; it will not degrade them. If you do not thor- 
oughly understand the art, purchase one of the many 
good cookery books that are now before the public, and 



198 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

which have been published by women thoroughly con- 
versant with the culinary art, from the plainest pre- 
pared food to the most delicate and tempting. In 
teaching them the art you benefit your family, and 
may be the means of prolonging life. A wife that is 
a good cook is a pearl of great value to any man, pro- 
vided she is a good wife in other respects also. She 
may not prepare the meals for her family with her own 
hands, but she can look well to the ways of her house- 
hold, often instructing heedless or ignorant servants in 
the preparation of meals; and when the family are 
gathered around the board enjoying a well prepared 
repast, how pleasant must be her thoughts as she looks 
upon their healthful and beaming faces to see the re- 
sult of her efforts to make her dear ones healthy, cheer- 
ful and happy. But reverse the case, and then look 
upon the wry faces which prove more plainly than all 
else that the mother is either ignorant of her duties, is 
a slattern, or detests the mysteries of the culinary art. 
In either case it amounts to the same thing, as the re- 
sults are the same. Accomplished she may be. She 
may sing and play divinely ; she may be a writer or a 
literary scholar ; she may be able to draw or paint ; 
but can any or all of these accomplishments make up 
or compensate for a lack of good housekeeping, or 
make home happy with half-cooked biscuits and pota- 
toes, burned meat, food not properly seasoned, coffee and 
tea cold — in fact, nothing fit to eat ? Oh ! what a 
happy family, with its dyspeptic and weazen-faced chil- 
dren, who are always fretting and quarreling. The 
mother nervous and irritable drives them into the nur- 
sery or out into the street, while the husband goes 
down town to the lunch-house to get a good meal, and 
smile at the well fed and blooming waitresses. I 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 199 

think I hear some exclaim, is eating the soul of wit or 
of intellectual enjoyment? Most certainly not. But 
if you wish to get all the good out of life there is in 
it, you must have a sound mind in a healthy body. 
Your food must be wholesome, nutritious, and, above 
all, properly cooked. These, with proper mental cul- 
ture, morality, benevolence, mirthfulness and a settled 
determination to do right, will make this life one of 
joy and happiness, despite the storms which beat 
around your domestic hearth or business avocations. 
But I have disgressed somewhat from my theme, by 
the desire to impress upon you the importance of liv- 
ing a proper way, in order to be healthy and happy. 

I will now return to the subject of my discourse, 
a,nd cite to you a few cases that I think fully support my 
assertions, as to the possibility of contracting con- 
sumption, to substantiate which I name some very 
eminent physicians and pathologists, who have enter- 
tained such views, some of whom are still living, and 
who believe the disease to be more or less contagious, 
and that it can be acquired through eating the tuber- 
culous flesh of animals slaughtered and used as food. 

Ziirn, of the Jena Veterinary School, fed pigs first 
with the milk, and then with the flesh of a phthisical 
cow, and produced the various degrees of tuberculosis 
in them. 

Bollinger, of the Zurich Veterinary School, has 
made nineteen successful experiments, which led him 
to the following conclusions : 

1. Tuberculosis matter obtained from man and in- 
oculated in the dog, produces a typical miliary tuber- 
culosis of the pleura, lungs, liver and spleen. 

2. The herbivorous animals are affected (by inocu- 



200 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

lation) in the peritoneum and messentary glands of 
the bowel. 

Klebs has produced tuberculosis by giving animals 
milk from those which were diseased, and his experi- 
ments, therefore, have an extremely important bearing. 
In addition to rabbits and guinea pigs, he accidentally 
induced the disease in a dog by feeding it with the 
milk of a cow in the last stage of consumption. 

The results of his experiments led him to the con- 
clusion that the use of the milk of a tuberculous cow 
always produces tuberculosis, which commences as an 
intestinal catarrh, and there assumes the form of tuber- 
cles in the mescenteric glands. It afterward affects the 
liver and spleen, and subsequently the thoracic organs. 
He asserts that tubercle is present in the milk of 
phthisical cows, whether they are slightly or gravely 
affected, and that it chiefly exists in the serous portion, 
as when milk has been so filtered as to deprive it of 
its solid particles, the fluid portion a])pears to be as 
active as when the malady had reached an advanced 
stage in the animal from which it had been procured. 
He is further of the opinion that the malady may be 
developed in children, born without any tendency to* 
it, through the medium of a phthisical nurse or the 
milk of a phthisical coav. 

Reynolds' System of Medicine, American ed., vol. 
2, p. 117 : "The only two midwives practicing at Nu- 
remberg, a healthy little town of 1,300 inhabitants in 
1875, were R. and S. Of these, the woman S. was 
undoubtedly the subject of phthisis, with abundant 
puriform expectoration. In the first case described, 
Dr. Reich delivered the woman by turning the child. 
While his attention was engaged with the mother, he 
noticed that, owing to some difficulty in the child's 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 201 

breathing, the nurse S. sucked the mucous from the 
infant's mouth, and also endeavored to promote respi- 
ration by blowing into its mouth. For the first three 
weeks the child progressed well ; but then its health 
failed, and within three months after its birth it died 
of well marked tubercular meningitis, initiated by 
symptoms of bronchial catarrh. In May and June 
following, two more children died of the same disease. 
These three cases had been attended by the nurse S. 
Dr. Keich's attention being thus attracted, he found, 
upon investigation, that between April 4, 1875, and 
May 10, 1876, seven children, in addition to the above 
three, had died— all within the past year — of tubercular 
meningitis, although in no case was there any history 
of hereditary tuberculosis. That all these cases had been 
attended by the woman S., while of all the cases at- 
tended by the other widwife, R., not one had died of 
this disease, nor had any manifested in any way indi- 
cations of any tubercular form of disease. The dura- 
tion of the illness varied from eight days to three 
weeks ; whereas, of the ninety-two children who died 
in their first year during the nine years fnwn 1866 to 
1874, only two died of tubercular meningitis ; and sim- 
ilarly among the twelve infants w T ho died in 1877, 
there was only one such case, and its parents were tu- 
berculous. The midwife S. died of phthisis in July, 
1876. It -was ascertained that the midwife S. had 
been frequently in the habit of sucking the mu- 
cous from the mouth of infants, and also of caressing 
and kissing them." So much for diseased midwives, 
wet nurses, and promiscuous kissing. Promiscuous 
kissing should never be indulged in or tolerated. It 
is a means of infecting healthy persons with disease, 
often of an incurable nature, and its influence upon 



202 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the morals is bad and often attended with serious re- 
sults. A kiss is often worse than a thrust of the 
sword or the sting of an adder. Judas betrayed Christ 
by a kiss, and thousands of innocent girls are betrayed 
and ruined by promiscuous kissing. Beware as to 
whom you kiss, and let your osculatory favors be 
bestowed upon those only who are near and dear to 
you, and not even upon such if they are sufferera from 
contagious forms of disease. 

Dr. L. MacDowell,* of Flemingsburg, Ky., reports 
the following case as coming under his observation. 
He says : 

" I knew a man who had all the external appearance 
of a tubercular diathesis, who married a healthy girl 
of eighteen. In three years — after the birth of her 
second child — she died of tuberculosis. He married 
again, in a year and a half, an exceedingly robust wo- 
man, of a family without taint. In less than two 
years she died of unmistakable pulmonary consump- 
tion. The third time he married a healthy woman. 
He himself died in one year after his third marriage, 
of consumption, and his widow followed him in six 
months, with the same disease." 

(Touchard* These tie Paris, 1860, p. 37) : 

A woman died of tubercular consumption of the 
third stage, having slept with her husband to the last. 
The latter, of an original sound constitution, and be- 
longing to a family in which there had never been 
consumption, took for a second wife a woman of an 
equally strong constitution, and of healthy parents. 
After eighteen months of wedlock he yielded to a 
pulmonary consumption of the worst kind. The sec- 
ond wife continued to sleep with him until his death. 

* Herbert C. Clapp, M. D.— Is Consumption Contagious? 



LIFE AX1? HYGIENE. 203 

A short time after she married again ; but, two years 
after this second marriage, she died of consumption. 
Her second husband perfectly robust and belonging to 
a family which had never known an instance of con- 
sumption, yielded to this affection some time after the 
death of his wife. This happened at Haynin, Belgium. 

Hermann Webber, on the communicability of con- 
sumption from husband to wife, in Clinical Society's 
Transactions 1874, vol. vii., says: 

" I had seen his mother, two brothers, and a sister 
die of pulmonary consumption, and had himself on 
two occasions had hemorrhages, when twenty and 
twenty-one years old. He became a sailor, and 
was apparently in good health when he left home, in 
his twenty-fifth year. He married at the age of twenty- 
seven. He married four wives : 

1. A woman belonging to a perfectly healthy fam- 
ily. She enjoyed excellent health until her third preg- 
nancy, when she began to cough and grow thin. She 
died of consumption after her third confinement. 

2. At the end of a year he remarried, the second 
wife having every appearance of health ; but at the 
end of a year of conjugal life she began to cough and 
spit blood and soon died of quick consumption. 

3. The third wife belonged to an exceptionally 
healthy family, consisting of a father, mother, four 
brothers and two sisters, all living and in good health. 
When married she was twenty-five years old, and con- 
tinued to have good health until her second pregnancy, 
when she began to cough and have feverish turns. She 
had two hemorrhages, and when I saw her seven weeks 
after her second confinement, she showed extensive 
lesions in the upper part of the lungs, also hectic fever 
and profuse sweats. A month later she was taken 



204 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

with severe hemorrhage, and died shortly after eight 
months from the appearance of the first symptoms. 
The autopsy revealed signs of pneumonic and tuber- 
culous consumption combined, to make use of an ex- 
pression employed by the late Dr. Addison, who vis- 
ited the patient with me. 

4. The fourth wife, whom I also attended, had 
not a sign of consumption in her family, and, at the 
time of her marriage, was twenty-three years old, and 
in the enjoyment of perfect health. About thirteen 
months later, three months after her first confinement, 
which had resulted happily, she began to cough and had 
a little fever. Then very clearly defined signs appeared ; 
first at the upper part of the right, then at the left lung ; 
moreover, she coughed up blood and had a slight 
pluritic effusion. She experienced some relief during 
a voyage she took to Melbourne, but on her arrival 
there, had a severe hemorrhage, and died a short time 
after her return to England, nine months after the ap- 
pearance of the disease. The autopsy showed extensive 
pneumonic and tubercular lesions in both lungs, as 
well as tubercles in the intestine spleen and liver. 

At two different times, in 1854 and 1857, after the 
third wife's death and during the illness of the fourth, 
I had occasion to examine J. His general health was 
excellent, and he assured me that he did not cough, 
and merely expectorated a little mucous in the morn- 
ing. The upper part of the left thorax was flattened, 
and percussion showed it to be less resonant than the 
right; inspiration was less distinct; expiration was 
prolonged, and from time to time rales were heard* 
He did not marry again, not wishing to expose his 
choice to " certain death." He was healthy and con- 
tinued to do active duty as a sailor until 1869, when 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 205 

he was forced to keep his bed for some months on ac- 
count of a severe fracture ; he then began to cough. 
The upper part of the right lung, which had until then 
been healthy, became diseased, and consumption de- 
veloped in the usual way, and caused the patient's 
death in 1871. 

The autopsy showed cicatrization where the disease 
first seized him and also more recent lesions. 

Cohnheim,* the great pathologist, finds that it 
does not make much difference how the tuber- 
cular matter is introduced into the system — whether 
under the skin, in the pleural or peritoneal cavities, 
or in other ways, either alone or mixed — pro- 
vided that it is not decomposed, so that no septic 
influence will be present. From his experiments, 
conducted in connection with Salomonsen, he de- 
cides that the process may best be seen when the 
matter is introduced into the anterior chamber of the 
eye of the rabbit. He thinks that in adults the poison 
is generally inhaled, because the lungs are oftener af- 
fected than any other organs. When the tubercular 
masses in the lungs ulcerate, some of the infecting 
matter, leaving the lungs, reaches the trachea and 
larynx, and tubercular deposits may, in consequence, 
there result; likewise with the pharynx,, soft palate, 
root of tongue, and tonsils. Some is swallowed and 
infects the alimentary canal, in the different parts of 
which, as we should naturally expect, infection is found 
in varying amounts, in proportion to the length of 
time that the intestinal contents have been retained in 
them, the favorite seats being the neighborhood of the 
ileo csecal valve, the lower part of the illiuni caecum, 
and ascending colon, the upper and lower extremities 

-Herbert C Clapp, M. D.— Is Consumption Contagious?" 



206 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

of the tube being less exposed ; soon, by their prox- 
imity, the mesenteric glands, and possibly the liver, 
become infected, and the peritoneum, from deep ulcer- 
ations of the intestine. Sometimes, when inhaled, 
instead of being taken in with the food, before in- 
fecting the lungs, the virus may be directly absorbed 
by the larynx and trachea, producing primary laryn- 
geal phthisis. If the poison is not inhaled, but 
is swallowed with the food, the disease is apt to start 
from the digestive canal. This is the probable explan- 
ation of the reason why young children are more apt 
to have consumption of the bowels than of the lungs, 
they being to so great an extent fed on cows' milk, 
which, if it comes from phthisical cows — which is un- 
doubtedly frequently the case — is so fraught with dan- 
ger to our little ones. Certain it is, that in young 
children advanced stages of disease of the mesentric 
glands and peritoneum without any, or but slight, dis- 
ease of the lungs is very common. 

Cohnheim concludes that the nature of tuberculosis 
can best be described by comparing it with syphilis, 
between which and tuberculosis he discovers at all 
points the closest analogies : " Everything depends 
upon the virus," he says ; both diseases require, above 
all things, infection — transmission from person to per- 
son. Each must have its specific virus, which must 
reach a mucous membrane or a broken surface to be 
absorbed and induce the disease. Each is transmitted 
by heredity, and, thus transmitted, may lie latent (dor- 
mant) for a longer or shorter period of time. It is 
from the influence of the poison during this latent 
period in tuberculosis that the phthisical "constitu- 
tional predisposition " or " habit of body " arises, which 
has nothing to do with a mere facility for receiving 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 207 

the virus, as heretofore supposed. Such individuals 
are not predisposed to tuberculosis; they already 
have it, either inherited or early acquired. Everybody 
is tubercular in whom the tubercular virus has taken 
root. There is no more predisposition for tuberculosis 
than for syphilis, although some persons are more 
easily affected than others ; nor is there any constitu- 
tional predisposition which causes inflammatory pro- 
ducts to undergo the cheesy degeneration in some per- 
sons, instead of being absorbed ; but only those pro- 
ducts undergo this degeneration which are already the 
products of tubercular virus. 

Both tuberculosis and syphilis may disappear from 
the body entirely and a perfect cure may result ; but 
with either it is not possible to feel sure that even if 
it is apparently cured, it may not return, and on the 
other hand most patients will never get the virus of 
either removed from the system. 

Again, whilst both diseases may be inherited, it is 
also true that both diseases, in the vast majority of 
cases, are not inherited, but acquired. The following 
noted men believed it could be acquired : Aristotle, 
330 B. C. ; Hippocrates, 400 B. C. ; Galen, A. D. 180 ; 
Valsalva, also his immortal pupil Morgagni, who avowed 
that he never dared make but few autopsies of persons 
who had died of phthisis, for fear, as he said, of catch- ' 
ing their disease. He clung to this belief during his 
entire life, and in one of his letters, written A. D. 1761, 
we read the following : "As a young man, I used to 
avoid the dead bodies of those who had died of con- 
sumption, and now that I am old, I still avoid them." 
Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia, advocated a sim- 
ilar theory in 1789. Prof. J. M. Da Costa says : "I 
have met with a number of instances which seemed to 



208 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

prove the contagiousness of phthisis," and adds that 
he is a believer in it. R. N. Todd, M. D., Professor 
of Theory and Practice of Medicine of the Indiana 
Medical College, of Indianapolis, Indiana, a personal 
friend of mine, says: "My observations during a 
period of twenty-four years of active practice long 
since convinced me that such is the case, i. e., the dis- 
ease is infectious." His brother, L. L. Todd, an emi- 
nent physician, entertains the same views. J. Solis 
Cohen, an eminent authority on lung and throat dis- 
eases, entertains similar views. I now wish to espe- 
cially direct your attention to Doctor Koch's experi- 
ments : 

[Letter from Professor John Tyndall to the editor of the London 
Times.] 

"On the 24th of March, 1882, an address of very 
serious public import was delivered by Dr. Koch, be- 
fore the Physiological Society of Berlin. It touches a 
question in which we are all at present interested — that 
of experimental physiology — and I may, therefore, be 
permitted to give some account of it in the Times. The 
address, a copy of which has been courteously sent to 
me by its author, is entitled, ' The Etiology of Tuber- 
cular Disease.' Koch first made himself known by 
the penetration, skill and thoroughness of his researches 
on the contagium of splenic fever. By a process of 
inoculation and infection he treated .this terrible para- 
site through all its stages of development and through 
its various modes of action. This masterly investiga- 
tion caused the young physician to be transferred from 
a modest country practice, in the neighborhood of 
Breslau, to the post of Government Adviser in the 
Imperial Health Department of Berlin. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 209 

" From this department has lately issued a most im- 
portant series of investigations on the etiology of in- 
fective disorders. Koch's last inquiry deals with a 
disease which, in point of mortality, stands at the head 
of them all. If, he says, the seriousness of a malady 
be measured by the number of its victims, then the 
most dreaded pests which have hitherto ravaged the 
world — plague and cholera included — must stand far 
behind the one now under consideration. Koch makes 
the startling statement that one-seventh of the deaths 
of the human race are due to tubercular disease, while 
fully one-third of those who die in active middle age 
are carried off by the same cause. Prior to Koch it 
had been placed beyond doubt that the disease was 
oommunicable, and the aim of the Berlin physician 
has been to determine the precise character of the con- 
tagium which previous experiments on inoculation and 
inhalation had proved to be capable of indefinite transfer 
and reproduction. He subjected the diseased organs 
of a great number of men and animals to microscopic 
•examination, and found, in all cases, the tubercles in- 
fested with a minute, rod-shaped parasite, which, by 
means of a special dye, he differentiated from the sur- 
rounding tissue. It was, he says, in the highest degree 
impressive to observe in the center of the tubercle cell 
the minute organism which had created it. Transfer- 
ring directly, by inoculation, the tuberculous matter 
from diseased animals to healthy ones, he in every in- 
stance reproduced the disease. To meet the objection 
that it was not the parasite itself, but some virus in 
which it was imbedded in the diseased organ, that was 
the real contagium, he cultivated his bacilli artificially, 
for long periods of time, and through many successive 
14 



210 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

generations. With a speck of matter, for example, 
from a tuberculous human lung, he infected a substance 
prepared, after much trial by himself, with the view 
of affording nutriment to the parasite. Here he per- 
mitted it to grow and multiply. From this new gen- 
eration he took a minute sample and infected therewith 
fresh nutritive matter, thus producing another brood. 
Generation after generation of bacilli were developed 
in this way without the intervention of disease. At 
the end of the process, which sometimes embraced suc- 
cessive cultivations extending over half a year, the 
purified bacilli were introduced into the circulation of 
healthy animals of various kinds. In every case in- 
oculation was followed by the reproduction and spread 
of the parasite and the generation of the original disease. 
" Permit me to give a further, though still brief and 
sketchy, account of Koch's experiments. Of six Guinea- 
pigs, all in good health, four were inoculated with 
bacilli derived originally from a hnman lung, which, 
in fifty-four days, had produced five successive genera- 
tions. Two of the six animals were not infected. In 
every one of the infected cases the Guinea-pig sickened 
and lost flesh. After thirty-two days one of them died, 
and after thirty-five days the remaining five were killed 
and examined. In the Guinea-pig that died, and in 
the three remaining infected ones, strongly pronounced 
tubercular disease had set in. Spleen, liver, and lungs 
were found filled with tubercles ; while in the two un- 
infected animals no trace of the disease was observed. 
In a second experiment six out of eight Guinea-pigs 
were inoculated with cultivated bacilli, derived orig- 
inally from the tuberculous lung of a monkey, bred 
and re-bred for ninety-five days, until eight generations 
had been produced. Every one of these animals was 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 211 

attacked, while the two uninfected Guinea-pigs remained 
healthy. Similar experiments were made with cats, 
rabbits, rats, mice and other animals, and without ex- 
ception, it was found that the injection of the parasite 
into the animal system was followed by decided and, 
in most cases, virulent tubercular disease. 

"In the cases thus far mentioned inoculation had 
been effected in the abdomen. The place of inocula- 
tion was afterward changed to the aqueous humor of 
the eye. Three rabbits received each a speck of bacil- 
lus culture, derived originally from a human lung af- 
fected with pneumonia. Eighty-nine days had been 
devoted to the culture of the organism. The infected 
rabbits rapidly lost flesh, and after twenty-five days 
were killed and examined. The lungs of every one 
of them were found charged with tubercles. Of three 
other rabbits one received an injection of pure blood- 
serum in the aqueous humor of the eye, while the 
other two were infected, in a similar way, with the 
same serum, containing bacilli, derived originally from 
a diseased lung, and subjected to ninety-one days' cul- 
tivation. After twenty-eight days the rabbits were 
killed. The one which had received an injection of 
pure serum was found perfectly healthy, while the 
lungs of the two others were found overspread with 
tubercles . 

"Other experiments are recorded in this admirable 
essay, from which the weightiest practical conclusions 
may be drawn. Koch determines the limits of tem- 
perature between which the tubercle-bacillus can de- 
velop and multiply. The minimum temperature he 
finds to be 80° Farenheit, and the maximum 104°. He 
concludes that, unlike the bacillus anthracis of splenic 
fever, which can flourish freely outside the animal 



212 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

body, in the temperate zone animal warmth is neces- 
sary for the propagation of the newly discovered or- 
ganism. In a vast number of cases Koch has exam- 
ined the matter expectorated from the lungs of persons 
affected with phthisis, and found in it swarms of bacilli, 
while in matter expectorated from the lungs of per- 
sons not thus affected he has never found the organ- 
ism. The expectorated matter in the former cases was 
highly infective ; nor did drying destroy its virulence. 
Guinea-pigs infected with expectorated matter, which 
had been kept dry for two, four and eight weeks, re- 
spectively, were smitten with tubercular disease quite 
as virulent as that produced by fresh expectoration. 
Koch points to the grave danger of inhaling air in 
which particles of the dried sputa of consumptive pa- 
tients mingle with dust of other kinds. 

"It would be mere impertinence on my part to 
draw the obvious moral from these experiments. In 
no other conceivable way than that pursued by Koch 
could the true character of the most destructive malady 
by which humanity is now assailed be determined. 
And, however noisy the fanaticism of the moment may 
be, the common sense of Englishmen will not, in the 
long run, permit it to enact cruelty in the name of ten- 
derness, or to debar us from the light and leading of 
such investigations as that which is here so imperfectly 
described." 

CONSUMPTION. 

Treatment 1. Much more depends upon the nourish- 
ment, bathing, cheerful surroundings, properly venti- 
lated rooms, especially bed rooms, proper clothing and 
suitable climate, than upon the medical treatment for 
a cure in consumption. The patient should bathe ev- 
ery other day during the summer, and at least once a 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 213 

week during the winter, in a well heated room, tem- 
perature not less than 90° Fahrenheit. The water 
should be at least 98° to 100° Fahrenheit ; the bathing 
should be done just before retiring, and at least two or 
three hours after eating. Under no circumstances 
should a patient bathe with a full stomach; even a 
person in good health should never bathe immediately 
after a meal. The consumptive should wear flannel next 
the skin in winter, and change every week; they 
should remove all the clothing on retiring, and have 
two suits of under-clothing, especially to sleep in, al- 
ways airing and drying the night clothing during the 
day. 

Treatment 2. The bed chamber should be kept at 
about 55° to 60° Fahrenheit in winter, and ventilated, 
the windows being dropped from the top about the 
thickness of a knife blade ; but the bed should not 
stand in the draft either during summer or winter. 
A box, containing ashes, sand and lime, should be used 
for the patient to expectorate in, and it should be re- 
moved every morning, or if the patient is confined to 
the house, the box should be cleansed and fresh ashes, 
sand and lime supplied often. Always avoid the 
breath of consumptives, especially while they are cough- 
ing ; and never sleep in the same bed, or even in the 
same room, when it is possible to avoid it ; it is an 
imprudent practice and an outrage upon children. 
Avoid all chances of contracting this malady; let 
your love for the afflicted be governed by reason and 
self-protection ; do your duty to the sufferer, whether 
it is husband, wife or child ; but remember, it is not 
at all necessary to sacrifice a life to gratify the selfish 
whims of another. No consumptive should expect or 
demand it of anv one. 



214 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Treatment 3. The patient should retire early and 
take sufficient rest ; but during the day take plenty of 
exercise, such as walking or horseback riding, when 
the weather is fit for such exercise, but on damp, chilly 
days the patient should not leave the house under any 
circumstances whatever. The food or diet of a con- 
sumptive should be wholesome, nutritious and sustain- 
ing. Where the patient can relish fat meats they should 
be used every day, such as fat beef, mutton, and even 
pork, cream, eggs, oysters, sweet milk and wild 
game. Pies, cakes and candies should never be used, 
they are positively unfit for a healthy person, and, nec- 
essarily, very injurious to a consumptive. A small 
glass of ale, beer, or porter, or a little wine, or good 
whisky taken before meals will frequently benefit a 
consumptive, and aid digestion ; but they must never 
be used to excess. Where acidity — sour stomach — is 
troubling the patient, it may be corrected by taking 
from two to five grain doses of pulverized bicarbonate 
of potassium or (F 1), in teaspoonful doses, every one 
or two hours until relieved. 

Treatment 4~ The remedies consist mainly in giving 
the analeptic — sustaining treatment — pure cod liver oil 
(Squibbs), in tablespoonful doses, three times a day, 
after meals, in the same amount of good whisky. 
Where the stomach will not retain cod liver oil, they 
should eat freely of good fresh butter — not oleomar- 
garine — and fat meat. When the patient has chills 
and night sweats, give the following medicine : 

R Quinise sulphatis 9ii. 

Acidi sulphurici aromatici £i. 

Tincturse sanguinariaj canadensis ^ii. 

Syrupi zingiberis Jiss. 

Syrupi tolutani ad^iii. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 215 

M. ft. Mist. Signse: A dessertspoonful every two hours, or 
give (F 2) one pill every two hours until twenty are taken, then 
skip two or three days and repeat as before. For night sweats 
give of (F 38) one or two pills every night, or cold sage tea, 
sponge off the entire body with a bowl of hot water, in which you 
have put two tablespoonfuls of mustard meal and four ounces of 
alcohol ; rub dry with a hot cloth, or give ten drops of muriate 
tincture of iron three times a day, in water; or ten drops of aroma- 
tic sulphuric acid, in the same way ; or the one hundredth part of 
a grain of atropine twice a day. 

Treatment 5. For the cough, when it is troublesome, 
take a dessertspoonful (F. 4) every one, two, or three 
hours, or the following : 

R Tineturse benzoini composite £ii. 

" sanguinarise canadensis £i. 

" ictodes foetida ^ii. 

Elix. kali bromidi ^i. 

Syrupus tolutani ad ^iii. 

M. ft. Mist. Signse. A dessertspoonful every one, two or 
three hours until relieved. 

"When hemorrhage occurs, give the following : 

R Extracti hamamelis f^i. 

Extracti lycopus virginica f^ss. 

Extracti ergota? f^ii. 

Extracti matico f^ii. 

M. ft. Mist. Signse : A teaspoonful every half hour or hour. 

Consumptives should seek a mild climate in winter ; 
such as Jacksonville or St. Augustine, Florida, Mo- 
bile, Alabama, or New and Old Mexico ; Colorado is 
also good in the summer, but great care is necessary 
not to get too high an altitude. I trust, ladies and 
gentlemen, you may feel fully repaid in the perusal 
of this lecture. 

My personal friend, W. B. Fletcher, M. D., Profes- 
sor of Pathology in the Indiana Medical College, 
also recommends the above points. 



216 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Where the sea air is too severe at Jacksonville or 
St. Augustine, Florida, my friend Doctor F. Stein 
recommends Sandford, on the western shore of Lake 
Mellanville, or in that vicinity. 

From a classmate and former partner I received the 
following letter with reference to the climate of New 
Mexico for consumptives ; he having been a resident 
of Los Lunas, New Mexico, for six years : 

Dr. H. S. Cunningham, Indianapolis, Ind. : 

Dear Sir : As a resort for consumptive patients 
New Mexico is now attracting considerable attention 
in the Eastern States and elsewhere. 

It is only since railroad communication has been 
established — about a year and a half ago — that the at- 
tention of the public has been drawn to the advan- 
tages offered by the climate of the territory to con- 
sumptives, since which time the number of invalids 
going to the territory has gradually increased. 

The climate of the central portion of New Mexico 
is superior to either Colorado or Florida, being more 
uniform and free from malarial influences. This part, 
say between the thirty-fourth and thirty-sixth parallels 
on the Rio Grande, possesses conditions especially 
adapted to consumptive patients, viz. : a dry atmos- 
phere and moderate elevation — between four thousand 
to five thousand feet above the level of the sea. 

The best proofs of the effects of the climate are the 
marked improvement in persons affected with phthisis 
who have visited the territory in the early stages of 
the disease, and who have resided in the territory a 
few months, and in the fact that consumption is almost 
unknown among the native Mexicans, the lower classes 
of whom are, as a rule, both poorly clad and nour- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 217 

ished. These facts have come under my personal ob- 
servation, extending over a term of six years. 

Santa Fe should not be recommended, as its eleva- 
tion — seven thousand feet above sea level — is too great 
for phthisical subjects. In the southern portion of the 
territory malaria exists to an alarming extent, and 
gives rise, very frequently, to a low form of typhoid 
fever, the mortality from which is very great. 
Yours very respectfully, 

Robt. Costigan, M. D., C. 1VL 

252 Richmond street, Montreal, 13th May, 1882. 



218 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 



HEART DISEASE. 



Acute heart disease is usually due to a translation 
of rheumatism from some part of the body. The dif- 
ferent forms of the disease resulting from rheumatism 
are named pericarditis, endocarditis, and myocarditis. 
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the membrane sur- 
rounding the heart; endocarditis is an inflammation 
of the lining membrane ; and myocarditis is an inflam- 
mation of the muscular tissue of the heart. All of 
these are very fatal in their character ; but endocardi- 
tis is the one I shall describe, from the fact that it is 
the one which usually leaves a defective condition of 
the valves. 

The symptoms are pain in the vicinity of the heart, 
dyspnoea, difficulty of breathing, irregular action of 
the heart, or palpitation, anxiety, delirium, nausea and 
frequently vomiting, more or less cough, excessive 
sweating, and at last we find a dropsical condition of 
the face and eyes, with coldness and a pale or bluish 
appearance of the face. As I stated before, these differ- 
ent forms of heart disease are mostly due to rheuma- 
tism, but it may also be due to B right's disease of the 
kidneys, and also pyaemia — blood poisoning. In endo- 
carditis, during the inflammatory action, there is thick- 
ening of the valves through fibrinous exudation, which 
causes them to close imperfectly, thereby permitting 
the blood to fall back into the heart from the aorta and 
pulmonary arteries, producing aortic or pulmonary 
regurgitation. Where such is the case, great excite- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 219 

ment may produce sudden death. We have many 
born with weak or defective hearts. We also have 
occasionally persons suffering with cyanosis — blue dis- 
ease — which is caused by the blood continuing to flow 
from the right to the left auricle of the heart through 
the foramen ovale, as it did before birth, and not pass- 
ing through the lungs to become oxygenated. This is 
due to a failure of the foramen ovale to close up as it 
should as soon as the child breathes. By this means 
the venous blood continues to flow through the circu- 
lation surcharged with carbon. This difficulty usually 
results in death in from a few hours to a few years 
after birth. We also have hypertrophied or enlarged 
hearts ; also dilatation or increase of the size of one 
or more cavities, which may be attended with either 
thickening or thinning of the walls. Hypertrophy 
usually results from regurgitation or a falling back of 
the blood into the heart, due to defective valves ; or it 
may be the result of over-action of the heart. Aneur- 
ism of the great aorta or larger artery through which 
the blood is conducted through the thoracic and ab- 
dominal cavities, is also a cause of hypertrophy. There 
are many other causes, but they require close study 
and a ki^vledge of anatomy to fully understand them. 
Atrophied or small hearts, if not congenital, but ac- 
quired, are usually due to chronic wasting diseases, 
such as phthisis, cancer, syphilis and diabetes. "Ac- 
cording to Quain, the heart is small in about half the 
cases of phthisis, and the diminution is rather more 
frequent in women than in men." [Reynolds' System 
Med., vol. ii, p. 761.] 

We also have another form of heart disease — fatty de- 
generation, which results from phthisis, consumption, 



220 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

excessive drinking of alcoholic liquors, and other causes. 
We have, besides, a sympathetic difficulty of the heart, 
called angina pectoris, which seems to be an attendant 
of most if not all forms of heart disease. It is a neuroses 
nerve pain of the heart, and is especially common in 
ossification of the coronary artery. Sir Thos. Watson, 
M. D., considers it especially due to fatty degenera- 
tion. It occurs as a general thing in aged people. In 
attacks of angina pectoris the pain is very severe, and 
lasts from a few minutes to an hour, or even a day ; it 
is often fatal, and yet persons thus afflicted may live 
for years. The best treatment in these emergencies is 
a teaspoonful of Hoffman's anodyne (spiritus cetheris 
composita), every fifteen minutes until easy ; or, better 
than all else, five drops of nitrate of amyl upon a 
handkerchief and inhale, holding the handkerchief 
two inches from the nose. This remedy is very dan- 
gerous, and should be used by very judicious persons 
only, and with great caution. The bottle must be 
well corked immediately after dropping out what you 
wish to inhale. We have still another form of sym- 
pathetic heart disease, exophthalmic goitre — Grave's dis- 
ease — Bosedow's disease. It may be known by en- 
largement of the thyroid gland in the neck, excessive 
palpitation or action of the heart, prominent pulsation 
of the carotid arteries of the neck, and a prominence 
of the eye balls. 

All the diseases we have just explained, excepting 
the last named, are termed organic. We have other 
heart disturbances which we term sympathetic, where 
the heart is not diseased but excited, resulting in pal- 
pitation, fainting fits, and even pain in the vicinity of 
the heart; yet those sympathetic disorders are fre- 
quently believed to be organic by many physicians, and 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



221 



persons are often hourly expecting to drop off their 
feet dead, when, in reality, there is no real danger or 
disease of the heart; such cases are often curable. 
Sympathetic heart trouble results from dyspepsia, 
ancemia; poverty of the blood, uterine diseases, ner- 
vous prostration, retention of the bile in the blood 
through malarial poisoning, and enlargement of the 
liver and spleen, and consumption. All persons suf- 
fering with any form of heart disease or trouble should 



POND'S IMPROVED 

SPHYGMOGRAPH. 

Parke Davis & Co., Agents, 

Detroit, Mich. 




consult a well qualified physician, for, in many in- 
stances, they may be cured. All classes of heart dis- 
ease have the same general symptoms, viz : Palpita- 
tion, fainting spells, blind spells or swimming of the 
head, feeling faint and sick in church or crowded halls, 
fear of death, feel the motion of the heart when in 
bed, intermission or irregular action of the heart, and 
spitting of blood. The use of the sphygmograph is a 
great aid in determining the amount of difficulty with 
the heart, and its character also. It is a little instru- 



222 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ment which is placed upon the wrist over the radial 
artery, by which we get what is termed heart writing. 
Much more could be said about this class of diseases, 
but I have given you sufficient information for your 
guidance. My advice to all persons suffering from 
heart difficulties is not to become excited, either through 




Cardiac Tracings. 

Cardiac Tracings show everything taking place in the heart more com- 
pletely. A normal heart trace is here shown. 

grief, anger, or joy; bathe regularly, ea*t wholesome 
food, never too much; do not take violent exercise, 
either in walking, working or running; and take a 
sufficient amount of sleep ; in short, obey nature's laws. 
Never indulge in excesses of any kind, and never 
transcend moderation in the use of tobacco or alcoholic 
stimulants ; indeed, they should be eschewed entirely. 




No. 5. Taken from a strong young man, well marked valve action, dich- 
rotism only is seen. More pressure would bring out both curves. 

All forms of sympathetic heart troubles are amenable 
to treatment, and very many, with proper care, may be 
entirely cured. Many of our young folks are afflicted 
with sympathetic heart disease, from which they rap- 
idly recover after marriage, at least for a period ; it 
may after a time assume another type caused by disap- 
pointed hopes. A very common cause of sympathetic 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



22^ 



heart trouble is dyspepsia. I have frequently treated 
patients successfully who had been pronounced incur- 
able. Uterine diseases in females often produce very 
alarming symptoms ; but when the womb is cured the 




Fig. 5 is a hyperdichrotic pulse, upper trace taken before giving stimu- 
lants ; lower trace taken after— showing the beneficial effects. 

heart is also cured. Many females are frightened hy 
incompetent physicians telling them they are suffering 
from heart disease, and many become so depressed and 
discouraged that they really die from constant anxiety ; 
but few, very few, of our American women are free 




The above trace was taken on 
days before it ruptured. 



aneurismal tumor" of the aorta, a few 



from some form or other of complaint peculiar to wo- 
men, consequently they suffer with nervous prostration, 
indigestion, and palpitation. Most of our girls are not 
taught to work or exercise properly ; and they grow 
up with small and weak hearts, and can stand but lit- 
tle ; they faint easily and have but little energy ; or if 
they have energy they have not heart power and phys- 



224 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



ical force enough to accomplish much, mentally or 
physically, in life. They are not fit for wives and 
mothers ; they frequently become burdens to them- 
selves and all with whom they come in contact. 



Fig. 33. Dichrotism of disease— fatal case. Typhoid fever. 

Weak-hearted men and women are failures in life ; 
they become excited at trifles, can not endure mental 
or physical labor, and can not face grief or danger. 
Mothers and fathers, if you want your sons and daugh- 



Fig. 35. Extra vibrations as seen in chronic alcohol poisoning, poisoning 
from digitalis, tobacco, opium, etc. 

ters to grow up well developed and intellectual men 
and women, give them physical exercise every day, but 
not to excess, that they may develop generally and the 
heart also become developed and strong. 




Fig. 24. Pulse of old age. Senile. 

Treatment — But little can be said of the treatment 
of these diseases. When any of my readers imagine 
they have any form of heart disease I would advise 
them to consult a good physician. Rheumatic endo- 
carditis is a very dangerous disease ; it requires the 
skill of the best physicians to prescribe properly, and 






LIFE AKD HYGIENE. 225 

even then but few recover, and when they do, it is 
usually with thickened and defective valves of the 
heart. In emergencies I would recommend spirits of 
chloroform in doses of from ten to twenty drops in 
water every half hour, or oftener if there be fainting 
spells; or compound spirits of ether in teaspoonful 
doses every fifteen minutes, or the following : 

R Spiritus chloroformi gii. 

Spiritus setheris compositi ^ss. 

Tincturae Valerianae ammoniatse §ss. 

Syrupi zingiberis .ad §ii. 

M. Signse. A teaspoonful every fifteen minutes or half hour, 
in water, until the patient is easy. Loosen all the clothing, lay 
the patient prone, head on a level with the body. 



15 



226 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OP 



WOMEN AND THEIR DISEASES. 



Gentlewomen : — The social status of women, in 
every age, has been so closely linked with their dis- 
eases, and has played so prominent a part with respect 
to the origin and prevalence of their special afflictions, 
that a lecture on the latter, such as I am about to de- 
liver, would seem incomplete without at least some 
reference to the laws and customs that have been wo- 
man's bane, as well as the disgrace of humanity, in 
every period of the world's history. If we begin with 
traditional Eve, in the Edenic bower, and, with men- 
tal eye, sweep the horizon of the "tide of time" as it 
washes every shore, visits every people, tribe, and 
tongue, rolling down in billowy fullness to its spring 
flow in our day, we shall find in the social and legal 
condition of woman enough matter on which to base 
not only a few fitting prefatory remarks to this lec- 
ture, but even volumes outnumbering those of the re- 
nowned Alexandrian library. From Eve onward, for a 
period of nearly two thousand years, women were sub- 
jected to inhuman and galling conditions, even among 
those tribes who continued to believe in a personal 
God. It was not alone that they were sold into a sort 
of bondage as serfs, when given in marriage for a 
price ; it was not solely that they were treated as un- 
clean, and consequently inferior, when nature's laws 
became operative with them, or when no notice was 
taken of them in the compiling of the genealogical 



' LIFE AND HYGIENE. 227 

» 

records of their times, but because their work was not 
appreciated, their personal identity denied, and their 
existence and mission regarded as secondary and condi- 
tional. All across the brow of early human life, and 
close up in the wake of advancing time, the barbarities 
and injustices born of inequality because of sex, contin- 
ued to manifest their sin-crested, hydra-headed hideous- 
ness. From the heathen nations of the early ages, jus- 
tice and deference to women could not be reasonably 
looked for ; but from those believing in the Deity and 
governed by the Great Jehovah himself, much that was 
manly, humane and God-willed could be expected. 
Yet, expected in vain ! God selected Sarah, Rebecca, 
Jochebed, Deborah, Hannah, Huldah, and other famous 
women of the Old Testament, as the special agents of 
his moral providence to the people ; and yet, so un- 
justly were women treated in Solomon's day that the 
great king cried out, " Give her of the fruit of her 
hands, and let her own work praise her in the gates." 
Centuries later, though the men continued to lord it 
over the women, Ann and Mary of Nazareth, Martha 
and Elizabeth and others of their sex of the New Tes- 
tament, were raised to the dignity of being companions 
and co-workers with Christ in the accomplishment of 
his great mission ; and Paul, as if with Christian 
chivalry aimed to rebuke the questionable customs 
of his country in this regard, declared that "The wo- 
man is the glory of the man." It can not' be denied 
that to religion and civilization are women indebted 
for the chivalry of the middle ages, and for the posi- 
tion which they occupy in our day and country. Re- 
ligion and civilization in turn owe much to woman for 
her support and refining influence. Were it not for 
woman's moral influence religion would be a failure in 



228 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

many respects. Woman's social condition is much 
better than it has been, and there is room for still 
greater improvements, not only among Christian na- 
tions, but especially among the heathens. 

In Mosaic times a woman could not morally or 
legally lodge a complaint against a man to any effect; 
the husband could dispose of his wife by giving her a 
bill of divorce; even in the temple her place was 
among the slaves, in a corner far removed from the 
Holy of Holies. 

Nero, the Roman emperor, killed his mother, and 
yet his moral guide, Seneca, and the customs of the 
country, did not even reprove or punish his crime. 
Cicero sent oif two wives, but so loved his daughter 
that he wept when she died. For this he was soundly 
rebuked by Roman statesmen and celebrities. 

In Asia it is esteemed disreputable and disgraceful 
to respect or assist a female ; and to carry an umbrella 
over the head of a woman, according to missionary 
testimony, is to be subjected to severe legal penalty. 

The women of India, particularly Bengal and Hin- 
doostan, are isolated from birth ; at three years of age 
they are married ; at from thirteen to fifteen years of 
age they are claimed by their husbands, again confined, 
denied companionship or association with their hus- 
bands ; when the husband dies the wife is expected to 
burn herself upon the funeral pile which consumes his 
body. India to-day boasts of eighty thousand widows 
under six years of age. To show these any attention, 
or give them assistance, is an offense against their idol. 
These can never marry again. 

The corrupt laws and anti-woman customs of an- 
cient Greece broke the spirit of the women of Athens. 
Aspasia, the leader of the abandoned and despairing 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 229 

of her sex, evened up with the citizens by enslaving 
and lustfully fascinating the great Pericles, and com- 
pelling, by her wiles, the renowned Socrates, the wisest 
of sages, to pay homage at her shrine. 

The Hawaiian and Sandwich Islanders oppress their 
women by the law of the Tabus. The wife can not 
eat with or live in the same house with her husband ; 
the daughter can not eat any food that touches her 
father's plate ; her brother is entitled to the delicacies 
of the table, but the poorest food is too good for the 
females. 

The common law of England boasted of reform 
when it stipulated that no husband could whip his 
wife with a stick thicker than his thumb. Under 
James I. a woman could be hanged for an offense, the 
punishment for which in the case of a man was very 
slight. The day was, in England, when wives, with 
ropes around their necks and led by their husbands, 
were exposed for sale in the market places. 

The American Indians and the ubiquitous Gipsey 
are also crushers of women, obliging them to bear 
burdens and slave it under all circumstances, while 
their lords lie around in slothfulness and indulgence. 

The coarseness of ancient tribes is, to some extent, 
observable in their descendants in our age. The wife 
of the Teuton is a toiler equally with himself; as also 
is she of the Celt ; but poverty has much to do with 
the prominence and number of such instances. America 
is woman's haven upon earth, but even here her life 
is shorn of much of its just joys. She is taxed, but 
she can not have a voice as to who shall govern. If 
she sin, repentance can not restore to her what she 
lost ; if she has an escort who is not a Simon-pure she 

is blamed, and if she go unattended blame is equally 



230 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

her share. She is accredited the great moral reformer, 
but her sphere is so circumscribed as to give the denial 
to the fact. In some states if she have possessions and 
marry, her husband gets half; if the husband, at mar- 
riage, be the possessor and she be minus, she gets only 
" a trifle." If she be fitting herself for a profession, she 
is met with the rebuff that she had much better be en- 
gaged in raising a family ; if she hold a saleswoman's 
place in a store, she is frowned at because, forsooth, she 
does not at once give up her place to the tape-meas- 
uring fop who parts his hair in the middle. If she 
is breaking down, physically, from frequent procrea- 
tions, and solicits her lord and master to desist, that 
her life and health" may be prolonged for the sake of 
herself and family, she is frowned upon by her hus- 
band, and society denounces her for immorality. In 
matters of affection she may love on without requital ; 
she may be chosen as wife, but seldom is she chooser of 
her husband. If she love, 'twere a crime to make it 
known ; to seek acquaintance or depart from the beaten 
path is to be a flirt ; hence she suffers, for to have a 
bad name is to be bad in the eyes of men. Poor 
woman, when will the day arrive that she can rise or 
fall according to her merit or demerit, and, if she has 
fallen, that she may arise again, if worthy, the same as 
her so-called male protector? God grant she may 
soon have the power to protect herself. These few 
hints upon the condition of woman tell of excessive 
physical labor, mental anguish, deprivation of comforts, 
consciousness of lack of respect, love and confidence — 
all of which constitute the fruitful source of the brood 
of diseases that curse a woman's life. 

Ladies, in this lecture I will strive to teach you the 
various causes of the diseases peculiar to your sex ; how 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



231 



to avoid them ; and when once afflicted, what to do to 
get well again ; or, if this be impossible, to make life 
endurable at least. Woman's anatomical and physical 
organization is so constructed that she is liable to 




This cut represents the female organs of generation ; also, the bladder and 
rectum in their normal, or healthy and natural positions. (After Gray.) 

very many disorders that man in the order of suffering 
knows nothing about, and consequently can not com- 
prehend or fully sympathize with. The very nature 
and character of female complaints place women in 



232 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

such a position that they try to conceal their sufferings 
and struggle on until their nervous system can no 
longer sustain them. Poor unfortunates ! better they 
had never been born, than to have to struggle on 
through life with family cares, and too often unsym- 
pathetic husbands, who expect them to toil on, even 
compelling them to arise at four or five o'clock, and 
get their breakfast, and then work all day long wash- 
ing, ironing, mending or making ; often running sew- 
ing machines, with perchance the womb even passing 
to the world and pressing upon the chair upon which 
they sit. Think of the man she calls husband de- 
manding continued toil of that dear one he so fondly 
pressed to his bosom in her youth, and speaking to her 
the while in such endearing language ! Now, that she 
is his wife, all care-worn, heart-broken, with her ner- 
vous system shattered, digestion ruined, hopes blasted,, 
he comes home abusing, and too often cursing her 
because the meal is not ready, or finding fault with 
her cooking; with no kind word of sympathy, 
smile or kiss, no helping hand, or patting on the 
cheek ; but one continual round of fault-finding till 
he deposits his carcass in bed and is wrapped in 
slumber. Still his poor wife toils on till ten or 
twelve, mending his pantaloons, coat or shirt, with 
aching head, breaking heart and trembling hands. 
And this is not enough ; he must add injury to insult 
by demanding of her to farther assist in adding to his 
pleasures, when that very act is making life a curse to 
her. Poor unfortunate wife ! Here the law can not 
reach her; the unsympathetic lord of his family is 
" monarch of all he surveys ; " his persecution there is 
" none to dispute," save his poor wife, and she becomes a 
victim of the passion of her so-called protector. And 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 233 

why ? Because she is worked down and unsexed. Thou- 
sands die annually from the unrighteous abuse of in- 
human husbands. Almost all lecturers and writers on 
hygiene dwell on the evil practices of lacing and wear- 
ing corsets, but when we compare the impositions of. 
husbands upon their wives, lacing and corsets fall into 
insignificance. How often do physicians hear the lam- 
entations of women regarding the harshness of their 
husbands, and their oft-repeated and unreasonable de- 
mands ? And when physicians advise these husbands to 
give their wives rest and every possible chance to re- 
cover, they are very apt to change physicians and de- 
clare such physicians are either fools or old fogies. You 
who have good husbands, or who are yet single, may 
think that such cases as I have pictured are confined to 
the lower or illiterate classes ; but I am very sorry to 
have to say such is not the case. "We find such human 
brutes from the highest to the lowest. Xo class of 
society is free from these monsters, and much legal 
raping is often practiced upon poor, defenseless 
women. Mothers, look well to whose care and pro- 
tection you entrust your daughters for life. Girls, be- 
fore you marry think seriously of what you are about 
to do ; remember in your own selection you seal your 
fate for future happiness or misery. Your glowing 
anticipations may soon be blasted; your dreams of 
future bliss may soon be changed to a hideous night- 
mare of disappointment, hardship, sickness and prema- 
ture death. Ah ! how soon many poor wives are neg- 
lected or forsaken when the bloom of youth begins to 
fade; when the plumpness and ruddiness of health 
give way to the colorless flabbiness of over-work, 
neglect and disease. Then the gay husband seeks 
more cheerful societv in the ball-room or at the bar, 



234 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

while the young wife of but a few months or years is 
.at home toiling or trying to read, with no heart to 
do anything, waiting, aye, longing for her protector( ?) 
to come home — he who has sworn to stand by her 
through life ; and he does, by permitting her to help 
support him and his children while he enjoys life 
elsewhere, either in the dizzy waltz, speaking words of 
flattery to some innocent girl or professional flirt, or 
in the pool-room playing or drinking beer and wine, 
while she is saving all she can, and wearing her thread- 
bare clothing, that he and the children may make a 
better appearance. Ah! my good woman, the more 
you encourage such men, the more you will curse your 
own existence, and each day you throw a spadeful of 
dirt out of your own grave. 

All girls should endeavor to post themselves 
with regard to their physiological and anatomical 
make-up, and thereby learn how to care for them- 
selves and retain their health. It is of life impor- 
tance that all married women should be well up in the 
knowledge pertaining to the care of themselves physi- 
cally and sexually, that they may enjoy to the ful- 
lest extent the blessing of health and prevent their 
husbands from becoming untrue to them. Indeed, I 
.am compelled to say many married women drive their 
husbands away through a lack of effort to do their 
duty as wives, and from filthiness and total neglect of 
all hygienic laws. Men are often deceived in women. 
When they are girls, they are all smiles, perfection and 
perfume ; but when married, they become sluttish or 
filthy, and disregard all laws of even common decency 
and cleanliness, with hair uncombed, faces smutty or 
begrimed, bodies neglected and the bath tub abhorred 
and deserted. All that tends to degrade and disgust 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 235 

is fast developing, and men shim the wives they once 
loved to embrace. Ladies, I hope yon will all learn 
speedily that every part of the body needs bathing or 
cleansing, and the vagina more and oftener than any 
other part of the body ; but great care should be ob- 
served not to use water too cold or too warm ; it should 
be about 100° Farenheit. Every part of the body 
needs the assistance of God's purifying element — water ; 
and those that are the most sparing of the bath are 
the ones that usually suffer the most, socially as well 
as physically. Some, yes, many of you may sneer at 
such advice ; some may think that love is of a much 
more devoted and divine nature ; that it is above the 
flesh and the devil ; that it is embodied in the soul, 
and that though the body be reeking with filth or 
putrid disease, true love will cling on forever. Love, 
let me tell you, follows admiration, and goes hand in 
hand with our passions. Which do you admire the most, 
the beautiful, fragrant rose or the unfragrant marigold ? 
the sleek and prancing charger, with head erect, or the 
tame and sleepy horse with no life or vitality ? the one 
full of sexual power and vitality, the other dead to all 
sexual desire or power ? Which has precedence with you, 
the repulsive and brutish, or the manly or womanly, 
innocent and patiently suffering, modest ones? La- 
dies, it is part of your very being, and more especially 
is it so of man, to admire all that is beautiful and prop- 
erly developed in nature, and pity and loathe or despise 
all that is defective weak or filthy. Our very intellects, 
hearts and souls reach out to the beautiful ; and what 
is more refining and inspiring in nature than cleanli- 
ness and perfection in all things ? Beautiful forms and 
beautiful scenery please us through the eye ; delicate 
and pleasant odors, fragrant flowers and the refreshing 



'236 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

influence of the summer showers gratify us through 
our sense of smell and reviving influence. All things 
in nature that are beautiful attract us, while all offen- 
sive things repel us ; deny it if you can. 

The men and women that have no admiration for 
cleanliness and purity of habits in others ; that prefer 
the begrimed and ragged; that are totally incapable 
of distinguishing between the beautiful and the dwarfed 
or imperfect, the refined and the vulgar, the cleanly 
and pure, or the filthy and degraded, are simply igno- 
rant and filthy and are degraded themselves. The 
woman who is filthy of person and wears dirty undergar- 
ments does so at the expense of her health and her hus- 
band's admiration and love, unless he is also filthy in 
his habits. A good bath tub in every home well 
patronized is of more importance than the clergyman 
or physician in keeping up a good moral and physical 
equilibrium. I am well aware, ladies, you have much 
to endure of men, from the use of tobacco, whisky, 
and many other filthy habits ; but, as you are undoubt- 
edly the reformers and refiners of society, let your 
habits be the essence of purity ; and with patience and 
proper management you can completely revolutionize 
the habits of your husbands, and mold your sons to 
your ideal of purity and manliness. You can and should 
exert great influence over your husbands, sons and 
daughters for virtue, morality and good habits. 

Life is too short, and health too precious for any 
one to neglect any hygenic measure to prolong the 
former and enhance the value of the latter. I am sure 
that much good results from regularity of habits and 
cleanliness; and any woman who neglects to follow 
out the advice given her herein in relation to the care 
of the body, will sooner or later pay the penalty. All 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 237 

such persons pay the fines which nature imposes, with 
shattered constitutions, homes unhappy or blasted; 
husbands lavishing their affections and money upon 
those who are in better health, and who have studied 
how to please, and, as a result of their efforts, are more 
fascinating, more attractive and better society than 
these neglectful and spiritless wives. Thus you can 
reason from cause to effect how important it is to keep 
yourselves well, in order to preserve the love and ten- 
der care of your husbands. Many men will be devoted 
and faithful even though their wives are chronic in- 
valids ; but many, aye, very many, will not ; they will 
tire of the women who are physically broken down, 
and continually fretting and finding fault, or are con- 
stantly complaining of languor, pain in the back and 
on the top of the head. God pity the poor woman 
who is a sufferer with any form of womb disease ; es- 
pecially if she is so situated as not to be able to take 
the treatment appropriate to the disease. Millions of 
poor women are eking out a miserable existence in 
this world, and going down to premature graves un- 
loved and neglected, who, were they physically stout, 
would be loved and petted. But alas ! the bloom of 
youth has faded ; they are limp, relaxed and lifeless ; 
life to them is a burden, and the long, dreary evenings 
are spent alone, while their husbands are seeking more 
cheerful surroundings. So you go " Drifting apart as 
you float down the stream." 

Drifting apart, as you float down life's stream, 
Only remembering the past as a dream ; 
Drifting, oh ! drifting God only knows where, 
And looking on life as a fraud or a snare. 

Drifting away in the dark and the gloom, 
Soon will your frail barque fetch up at the tomb ; 
Drifting away on the breakers of time, 
Sadly remembering the joys that were thine. 



238 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Let me again urge you to make the same efforts to 
retain your husband's love and affection that you put 
forth to gain it. But few young men of taste or re- 
finement get smitten with an untidy girl. See that 
your hair is combed, your clothing neat and clean, and 
above all do not wear dirty undergarments ; bathe 
often to remove all offensive secretions from all parts 
of the body, and thereby retain health and beauty, and 
the admiration of your husbands. The morning, noon 
and night kiss should never be neglected. Make your 
homes inviting ; if you sing or perform on any instru- 
ment, keep these accomplishments up ; do not lock up 
your parlors and make them dark and musty apart- 
ments ; let the best place in your house and the warm- 
est place in your affections be given to your husband, 
and see that you do not neglect him for your children 
or society ; keep his love and affections warm by giv- 
ing him proper attention, and let not those caresses 
you gave him when you both were lovers be discon- 
tinued ; and especially see that you do not break your- 
selves down, physically and sexually, by labor ; for if 
you do, just as you lose health, sexual power and beauty, 
just in the same ratio you may lose the warmth, ardor 
and love of your husbands. 

Mothers, you should advise your daughters relative 
to what their conduct should be at the approach of the 
menstrual flow. Many children are so ignorant of na- 
ture's laws as to become terribly frightened, fearing 
death from homorrhage, and frequently bathe in cold 
water, producing suppression, often resulting in con- 
sumption or death . 

You here see a cut of the vagina, showing the ruga 
or folds lapped upon themselves like a fan. These 
ruga need thorough cleansing sufficiently often to keep 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



239 



the parts free from all secretions, thereby avoiding a 
tendency to leucorrhcea — whites — by keeping the parts 
in a tonic and healthy state, and ward off the relaxed 




The Vagina Laid Open. (After Ramsbotham.) 

Showing the rugse— wrinkles, K ; and the womb with its appendages, II; 
ovaries, G G ; Fallopian tubes, E E ; broad ligaments or folds of the periton- 
eum, F F ; round ligaments, A ; the fundus of the uterus, B; the body, C ; 
the neck ; and D, the os— mouth ; the dark line near A and B shows the peri- 
toneum cut away on the left side. 



condition that is common to many females, which fa- 
vors falling of the womb. All females who are mar- 



240 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ried should endeavor to avoid the relaxed condition of 
the vagina, for four reasons : 

1. In order to properly fulfill the position of wife. 

2. To avoid falling of the womb. 

3. To avoid cystocele — prolapsus of the bladder. 

4. To prevent leucorrhoea — whites. 

The vagina is a hollow muscular and membranous 
canal, and when in a state of tonicity assists in hold- 
ing the womb in position ; but when in a greatly re- 
laxed state fails not only to support the womb, but in 
reality aids in dragging it down and causing prociden- 
tia — falling of the womb. The vagina in the healthy 
state is from three to four inches long on its anterior 
wall, and from five to six inches on its posterior wall, 
and, lying in rugse or folds, which admits of great dis- 
tention — a provision of nature for the passage of the 
child in labor. 

Young girls, do not make haste to marry ; do not 
let your desires for husbands outstrip your judgment. 
Let me relate to you an incident of my personal 
knowledge, which is only one of thousands in our 
land. In a beautiful and flourishing city there lived 
: a young girl, loving and trustful, and respected by all 
who knew her. She united her fortunes with a man 
many years her senior. This man had contracted a 
constitutional disease, which poisoned every drop of 
his blood and every tissue of his body, and totally un- 
fitted him to become a husband or a father. Such a 
union is sure to terminate in ill health to the wife and 
premature decay, and early death to the children. In 
one of the cemeteries of the city referred to can be 
seen a long row of little graves, eight in number, tes- 
tifying to this man's depravity and licentious habits in 
early life, and also to his wife's physical and mental 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 241 

suffering, for she, too, is now resting by the side of these 
pledges of a hasty, unfortunate and ill-assorted union. 
She now finds relief in the grave, the only unout- 
raged bed she ever had after entering the married state. 
For years before her death she was an invalid, result- 
ing from her unfortunately becoming a mother, and 
thereby tainting her own blood with the constitutional 
malady from which her husband was a sufferer through 
his own guilt and folly. Every year she gave birth to 
a diseased child, each of whom died within a few weeks 
or months at most. This little row of graves, with 
the unfortunate mother at one end, tells a sad story to 
the physician, the pathologist and the student, of na- 
ture's outraged laws ; and yet, we can find traces of 
similar unfortunate circumstances by visiting almost 
any cemetery in our land. We read in Holy Writ of 
the sins of the father being transmitted to the children. 
But, ladies, let me tell you it does not alone taint the 
children, but it also infects the mother's blood. Think 
of this, mothers, and you who are about to become 
mothers, for nature is relentless and will pay her debts 
and demand the last farthing in return. But few fe- 
males, especially girls, know that men suffering with 
secondary syphilis — pox — which they contract through 
their own licentious habits, or, as it is commonly termed, 
sowing their wild oats, can and do transmit the poison 
to their wives, should they become enceinte — pregnant — 
as their systems are poisoned with that greatest of curses 
known to man. Every drop of blood which flows 
from the mother to the foetus, again returns to the 
mother, to her heart and lungs, and passes on through 
the great aorta and its branches and ramifications, and 
so returns again to nourish the foetus. Thus you can 
16 



242 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

see at a glance that whatever poison ' was contained in 
the spermatozoa — germ — must necessarily be carried 
throughout her entire system, and poison every tissue 
of her body. This is now admitted by most patholo- 
gists to be a fact. I am aware there are those who will 
doubt this doctrine, on the grounds of the infinitesimal 
nature of a spermatozoa — seed of the male — which you 
here see illustrated. You are all aware 
of the small amount of vaccine virus 
which will produce the characteristic 
poc upon a person, and often so com- 
pletely influence the whole system as to 
act as a prophylactic — preventive or 

Spermatozoa. modifier of that terrible disease, Small- 
Magnified 480 times. T/1 , . . , , , 

(Dalton.) pox. If such is admitted can we wonder 
or doubt the former proposition ? 

Hereditary syphilis often shows itself in the teeth 
of the innocent babe, and tells its painful story, as 
surely as a sign-board on the cross-roads points to a 
town or village. Mothers often ask the doctor why it is 
their children have such notched and deformed teeth. 





Syphilitic Teeth. Sound Teeth. 

Ah ! mothers, this is one of the signs that you read of 
in the Bible where it says, " The sins of the father 
shall be visited upon the children, even to the third 
and fourth generation." 

LEUCORRHCEA (WHITES)* 

The most prevalent form of female diseases we meet 
with is leucorrhwa — whites. It is a flow or discharge 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



243 



of white, glarry, mucous or muco-purulent matter ; when 
very bad, the discharge is often of a greenish color 
and offensive. This disease comes from various causes, 




Parke, Davis & Co., Sole Agents for the United States, Detroit, Mich. 

such as cold, prolonged menses, tumors, pregnancy, over- 
work, excessive sexual indulgence, debility, acquired or 
inherited, catarrh of the womb or vagina, ulceration of 



244 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the womb, and gonorrhoea. Many cases of the whites 
might be cured before becoming chronic if the lady 
afflicted had only bathed the parts and the vaginal 
tract with lukewarm water several times a day, which 
can be done with the indispensable cup syringe. It is 
especially serviceable when the person is confined to 
bed ; indeed, a want of proper care and bathing often 
brings about female weaknesses. 

But few ladies fully realize how potent the free use 
of tepid water is in keeping them healthy sexually. 
The treatment is simple and easily administered when 
the trouble arises from a purely local cause, such as 
cold, lack of proper cleanliness, or from excessive in- 
dulgence sexually. Where excesses have been indulged 
in, abandon them, and obey nature's laws ; bathe in 
tepid water every three hours ; use the " indispensable 
cup syringe," fountain syringe, or utro-vaginal syringe, 
to cleanse the vaginal tract clear up to the womb ; and 
use the following wash three times a day : 

R. Zinci sulphatis £ii. 

Morphia? sulphatis grs. xx # 

Tincturse lobelise f^ii. 

™ E ^\ \ Extracti hydrastis f^i. 

H ° U ^l? 1 J Extract! pinus canadensis..^ i. 

&RlN<$^/ Glycennse.. gvi. 

Aquse destillatae ad Oi. 

M. ft. Lotio signse : Half a teacupful of 
6 <F ^^^v ^' 1S mea "icine to a pint of warm rain water ; 
5 3 j I ^y use three or four times a day with the " In- 
1 A ♦ J J] dispensable Cup Syringe," or Chamberlin's 

JL T I I I Jr utero-vaginal syringe, or the Fountain sy- 
* ringe, either of which is indispensable in the 
treatment of all cases of female weaknesses. 
Manufactured by 

TH pro > viaence I R G l°" If tnis solution produces too much 

smarting or pain, take half the 

amount of the medicine to the same amount of water. 




TJFE AND HYGIENE. 245 

If it does not smart at all, or benefit, or give relief, 
make it stronger by adding more of the solution each 
time. In addition to thoroughly cleansing the vaginal 
canal with tepid water several times a day, and using 
the above medicated wash, (F 6) a tablespoonful every 
three hours, or the following : 

R. Vini ferri aniarae ^viii. 

Signae: Tablespoonful every three hours, or three times a day, 
to tone up the system, regulating the bowels with liver pills (F 3) 
or Eochelle salts, taking a tablespoonful every night dissolved in 
water. 




Chamberlin's Utero Vaginal Syringe. 
Sole agents for the United States, Parke, Davis & Co., 

Detroit, Michigan. 

Married women should cleanse the vagina immedi- 
ately after coition, with the douche, using tepid water, 
unless they do not bear children ; if so, and they de- 
sire children, they should not use the syringe until 
morning, lest its immediate use should prevent im- 
pregnation, which it might possibly do. 

EXDO-METRITIS-ACUTE AND CHRONIC UTERINE CA- 
TARRH. 

The acute form of catarrh of the womb is usually 
ushered in with the symptoms of a common cold 
or catarrh of the head ; the patient is usually fev- 
erish; pain, a dragging sensation and weight in the 
back and abdomen are experienced; also pains in the 
groins and thighs, a burning or pricking sensation in 



246 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



the vagina, and a frequent desire to urinate and stool, 
with tenemus — griping. After a few days there is a dis- 
charge of water and mucus from the vagina, which in 
about ten days changes to pus — matter — oftener mixed 
with blood. This discharge is so poisonous as to 
cause eruptions on the mucous membrane of the va- 
gina and also the skin, and even ulceration. It is often 

attended with intolerable 
itching. Husbands may be- 
come diseased from these 
secretions and have well de- 
veloped uretheretis, and fre- 
quently good and innocent 
wives are accused of infi- 
delity by their husbands, 
and separation and divorce 
are not infrequent from such 
causes. Poor wives, what 
must they not endure! Hus- 
bands, think of the infamy 
and injustice of such an ac- 
cusation against a sick and 
suffering wife. Indeed, very 
many physicians will also 
condemn the poor woman, 
through their own igno- 
rance or lack of ability to make a correct diagnosis of the 
disease, causing the woman to become the victim of sus- 
picion, if not of persecution, through their ignorance. 
I hope all men who read this lecture will treasure it up, 
and do justice to their afflicted wives. Oh ! husband, 
young or old, do not outrage your sick wife by beastly 
demands; do not refuse to employ a physician to cure 
her, and dare not to add insult to injury already done, 




Cervical Endometritis. 
Catarrh of the neck of the womb, 
leading to the cavity, shown by the 
dots. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 247 

by accusing her of a crime of which she is innocent — 
an accusation which crushes her hopes and pierces her 
heart as a dagger. 

I will here state once for all, that every form of fe- 
male complaint, whether acute or chronic, where there 
is any discharge whatsoever, may produce urethretis in 
the male, resulting in symptoms very or quite similar 
to gonorrhoea. The menstrual flow, or the glairy se- 
cretions which frequently follow it for a day or two, 
may also produce very similar symptoms in the male. 
I trust what I have said will not offend even the most 
fastidious, and, I am sure, if read and remembered, 
will be the means of preventing many unjust suspic- 
ions, and of ruining the lives of many innocent 
women, and the destruction of families. To study na- 
ture's laws is to study God's laws. " Honi soit qui 
mat y pense " — " evil to him who evil thinks." But 
few men ever sympathize with their wives when 
broken down sexually ; they are too often found lav- 
ishing their affections elsewhere, and neglecting the 
wife of their choice, and spending the money on others 
that should go to pay for the care, treatment and res- 
toration of the one who has sacrificed her health and 
beauty on the altar of love. Married women can not 
afford to destroy that which makes woman most lova- 
ble to man ; and if they do, my word for it, they will 
suffer neglect. Keep yourselves healthy, clean and 
tidy, and meet your husbands with a loving smile and 
an affectionate kiss, if you want their entire love and 
affection. Many married women think if they work 
hard to accumulate wealth they will be the more loved 
and respected by their husbands. Stop and let us ex- 
amine the results of such a course. We find an army 
of women broken down in health, sexually unfitted 



248 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

for wives ; no warmth, loathing the sexual embrace, 
and submitting to it as martyrs only as a matter of 
duty, with no physical response, cold and passionless. 
Their husbands are soon found seeking other society ; 
home is to them as an iceberg ; a place where duty 
calls them, pleasure never. Ever remember that a 
husband's love and admiration is best retained by sim- 
ply doing what you are amply able to accomplish, 
without injury to yourself, and retain health, vigor and 
cheerfulness. You can hire servants, but you can not 
hire a husband's love. Be ever ready to make your- 
self first in his thoughts ; the first to cheer him in sor- 
row, and make his home to him the most lovable spot 
on the face of the earth. Do not attempt to force him 
into measures, but caudle, pet and flatter him, and you 
can lead him as you would a child; but drive him, 
never. 

Treatment of acute catarrh of the womb — acute 
endo metritis — consists of rest, both from mental and 
physical labor; when severe, the patient should re- 
main in bed and not arise to a sitting posture even to 
attend to nature's calls. When in great pain, or ner- 
vous, one grain of powdered opium or one-fourth grain 
of morphine should be given every two, three, or four 
hours, or an injection of thirty drops of laudanum and 
a teacupful of warm water containing a tablespoonful 
of starch given by the rectum — bowel — every three or 
four hours ; in addition, the abdomen should be cov- 
ered with a poultice of flax-seed meal mixed with 
hops, and over that a piece of oiled muslin or silk 
to retain the heat. Let it remain for twelve hours be- 
fore removing it. When there is a muco-purulent dis- 
charge of matter, then a tea or infusion should be 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 249 

made and used as a wash three times a day, composed 
as follows : 

Lobelia herb two ounces. 

Poppy heads two ounces. 

Flaxseed two ounces. 

Pour over the above three quarts of boiling water, 
stir and let steep one hour, then strain and add two 
ounces of starch ; keep warm, and use one-third as a 
wash with the vaginal douche, three times a day. 
Great care should be taken not to injure the patient 
while introducing the tube, and no astringent washes 
should be used. The patient should be carefully 
moved to the edge of the bed, and her feet put on two 
chairs ; an oil-cloth may be formed into a funnel to 
conduct the water into a tub or other vessel on the 
floor, or, what is far better, use the indispensable cup 
syringe. If in a malarial climate, (F. 2) or (F. 1 2) may 
be given. If much fever, the bowels must be kept 
open with Rochelle salts or (F. 3). 

CHRONIC ENDO-METRITIS— UTERIXE CATARRH. 

This disease is a source of great annoyance to fe- 
males, and, if neglected, will surely undermine the 
general health, and break down the strongest constitu- 
tion. 

You here see a plate illustrating the malady. It 
frequently causes sterility. Females failing to become 
impregnated should be examined by a thorough and 
experienced physician, and learn the preventing cause, 
and be properly treated, if they wish to bear children. 
This form of difficulty may cause females to abort or 
miscarry. The causes are as follows : Injury, constitu- 
tional diseases, vaginitis, catarrh, gonorrhoea, excessive 
venery and suppression of menstruation from cold. 



250 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



The symptoms may be summed up as follows : Pain in 
the back, a dragging sensation in the loins, pricking 
and burning in the vagina, burning pain on the top of 
the head or back of the neck, and leucorrhoea or whites. 

Treatment. — The treatment of this malady is very 
unsatisfactory, and can be properly managed only by a 
.good gynecological physician, one who understands the 

treatment of chronic 
uterine diseases. All 
females suffering with 
this form of trouble 
should take (F. 6) in 
tablespoonful doses 
three to six times a day, 
or a teaspoonful of bit- 
ter wine of iron three to 
six times a day,and keep 
the bowels regular with 
(F. 3), taking one or 
two every night until 
they act properly; or 
take Rochelle salts. The 
patient should use the 
indispensable cup sy- 
ringe, or Chamberlin's 
utero-vaginal syringe, 
or the fountain syringe at least once a day with 
lukewarm water; then take a teaspoonful of (F. 13) 
to one quart of warm water, and use in like manner 
with the syringe to the vagina ; or take sulphate of 
.zinc, one teaspoonful to a quart of rainwater, and use 
from one-half to one teacupful to a quart of warm 
rainwater, as directed above. 




Corporeal Endo-Metritis. 

Catarrh of the cavity of the womb 
shown by the dots. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



251 



AREOLAR HYPERPLASIA. 

This is an enlarged and thickened condition of the 
body or cervix of the uterus, or both ; the dotted por- 
tion representing the places or parts of the womb en- 
larged. 

This disease is a disor- 
der of nutrition, and is 
characterized by conges- 
tion — hyprcegenesis — exces- 
sive enlargement of the 
connective tissues and hy- 
peresthesia — an exalted con- 
dition of its nerves. It 
may be termed chronic in- 
flammation of the womb, or 
chronic parenchymatous me- 
tritis or hypertrophy — an en- 
larged condition, attended 
with chronic inflammation. 
The causes predisposing 
and exciting are as fol- 
lows : 




Cervical Areolar Hyperplasia. 
Enlargement of the neck of the 
womb, as shown by the dots. 



Predisposing. 

Tendency to tubercle, scrofula, spansemia, puerperal 
inflammation of the womb, over-exertion after deliv-' 
ery, prolonged nervous depression. 



Exciting Causes. 

Parturition or abortion, displacement, heart disease, 
tumors of the abdomen, pressing on the vena cava, ex- 
cessive sexual intercourse, over-exertion during men- 
struation. 



252 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Symptoms. 

Pain in the back and loins ; pressure on the bladder 
or rectum ; disordered menstruation ; difficulty of lo- 
comotion ; nervous disorders ; pain during sexual inter- 
course ; dyspepsia ; headache and languor ; leucorrhoea — 
whites — hcemorrhoids — piles — pain and pressure on 

the bladder, and pain in 
passing water, which re- 
sults from the downward 
pressure of the womb, 
due to its increased 
weight. No female suf- 
fering any considerable 
length of time with such 
an affliction is free from 
indigestion, nervous 
prostration, irritability 
and a predisposition to 
despondency ; she scolds 
the children, and even 
the husband gets his 

Corporeal Areolar Hyperplasia. . , . , , , , 

Enlargement of the body and fundus share, which he no doubt 

of the womb. often Reserves. 

Treatment. — Among the first things to be done is to 
put the patient at rest, but not constantly in bed. It 
is useless to give medicines with the patient continu- 
ally at work. This is imperative. Freedom from sex- 
ual intercourse, tonics, bathing regularly, keeping the 
parts clean and free from all secretions, good, nutritious 
diet, but not too rich, are requisites. The skirts or 
dresses should not be worn tight about the waist or 
supported by the hips ; skirt supporters should be 
worn. Mme. Demorest's or Bacheller's skirt supporters 







LIFE AND HYGIENE. 253 

are good, or you can use suspenders made of broad elastic 
bands, sewed or buttoned to the skirts. Tampons of ab- 
sorbent cotton, as large as can be introduced into the va- 
gina, and passed carefully up, gently pressing the womb 
backward and upward, should be used. The patient 
should lie on her back, and have a careful nurse in- 
troduce the tampon, which should first have a stout 
string, about eight or nine inches long, fastened to it. 
Saturate the tampon with the following prescription : 

Glycerine eight ounces. 

Tannic acid one drachm. 

Carbolic acid one drachm. 

This tampon should be introduced twice each day, 
once in the morning and again at noon, and each time 
a tampon is removed the utero-vaginal, indispensable 
cup syringe or fountain syringe should be employed, 
using one quart of lukewarm rain water each time. 
The patient should take (F. 6), a tablespoonful three 
times a day; or fluid extract of ergot, one ounce; 
compound tincture of cinchonia, three ounces ; com- 
pound tincture of gentian, one ounce ; elixir of bro- 
mide of potassium, three ounces. One tablespoonful 
three times a day, two hours after meals, for two 
w T eeks ; then quit for one week, and commence again. 
Or take a tablespoonful of bitter wine of iron after 
each meal ; keep the bowels regular with liver pills 
(F. 3) or Rochelle salts, and take exercise in the open air 
every day when the weather will permit. By such a 
course great benefit may be derived, but local treat- 
ment to the cavity of the womb is often necessary, 
which must be done by a skilled gynecological physi- 
cian. 



254 THE THYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

AMENORRHEA 

Is an absence of the menstrual flow when not caused 
by pregnancy. It is of vital importance to know 
what the cause of this trouble is and endeavor to re- 
move it at once. Nothing is so marked a proof of 
serious derangement of the system as the absence of 
the menses, when not due to pregnancy. The patient 
usually looks pale, ancemie — bloodless — often of a green- 
ish-yellow color, is nervous, with shortness of breath, 
palpitation of the heart, vertigo — swimming of the head — 
and general lassitude or Aveakness. Such patients often 
have a cough and frequently spit blood. This form of 
trouble should never be neglected, as the patient may 
die of consumption or low fever. 

Treatment consists in wholesome and nutritious 
diet, with plenty of sleep, bathing and tonics. When 
due to mechanical obstruction the cause must be re- 
moved by a surgical operation; if from debility or 
incipient or advanced tuberculosis — consumption — ton- 
ics are very important. Give of (F.6) as directed, or elixir 
calisaya, ferri et strychnice in teaspoonful doses every 
three or six hours. Regulate the bowels with (F. 3) or 
Rochelle salts. Give a little good wine or beer and 
cod liver oil three times a day ; take good food, rest, 
regular sleep, bathe every second day, and take out- 
door exercise when the weather will permit. Late 
parties and balls must never be indulged in. If con- 
sumptive, go to Southern Florida, Alabama or New 
Mexico in winter. — - 

• MENORRHAGIA AND METRORRHAGIA. 

The first of these terms means a profuse or excess- 
ive discharge during the regular menstrual flow ; the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 255 

second means any flow, whether profuse or slight, be- 
tween the regular menstural periods. Any lady suffer- 
ing as above stated, should at once call in a good 
physician and have a thorough examination made in 
order to get the proper treatment. 

A few years ago I was called to prescribe for a lady, 
suffering with metrorrhagia ; she had been treated by 
a physician for change of life for six weeks. Upon 
examination I found an adherent placenta — after-birth — 
and removed it. She soon recovered. On another 
occasion I was called to see a lady similarly afflicted, 
who had also been dosed for months for change of life ;. 
she was suffering with cancer. All or many cases may 
be cured if understood and treated properly, except 
when caused by cancer. Where a retained placenta or 
chorian is the cause of hemorrhage, its removal is of 
course necessary ; if it is due to uterine polypus, extir- 
pation is the only remedy ; if due to cancer, palliatives, 
such as opium and quinine should be given internally 
in grain doses every three hours, and astringent washes 
of extract of Pinus Canadensis — hemlock bark — a tea- 
spoonful to a teacupful of water ; use with the indispen- 
sable cup syringe, the utero-vaginal syringe or fountain 
syringe every two, three or six hours, as needed. Tonics 
should be given to tone up the relaxed condition of the 
womb,, such as tincture of cinchonia, two ounces ; ex- 
tract of hamamelis, one ounce ; extract of ergot, one 
ounce ; mix and give a teaspoonful every three hours, 
and during the menopansis — interval of menstruation-r- 
give the above tonic three times a day, or give of (F. 
6) a tablespoonful every three or six hours. 



256 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



CHLOROSIS OR GREEN SICKNESS. 

"This is probably a neuroses — disease of the 
ganglionic system of nerves." It produces as a class 
of symptoms anaemia — a deficiency of the red corpus- 
cles of the blood — constipation, dyspepsia, palpitation, 
menstrual derangements, irregularities, and often sup- 
pression. Chlorosis is therefore not a disease in itself, 
but the result of disease. The treatment usually con- 
sists of tonics, with remedies to regulate the liver and 
bowels. Bitter wine of iron should be given in table- 
spoonful doses three times a day, or (F. 6) or the fol- 
lowing tonic : 

B Vini ferri amarse ^vii. ss. 

Tincturae nucis vomicae £iv. 

Liquoris potassse arsenitis gii. 

M. Sig : A dessertspoonful in a wine glass of water immediately 
after eating, or ateaspoonful of (F. 14) every night, or as needed to 
regulate the bowels ; good nutritious diet, regular sleep, bathing 
twice a week in water and room sufficiently warm, together with 
out-door exercise, such as horseback or carriage riding. If the 
patient is attending school she must discontinue attending school 
until she recovers. 

ULCERATION OF THE WOMB. 

We now call your attention to ulceration of the os 
— mouth — and cervix — neck — of the uterus — womb. 
They are divided or classified as follows : The granular, 
follicular, true inflammatory, corroding, syphilitic and 
cancerous ulcers. 

The granular form is not strictly an ulcer, but gran- 
ular degeneration, very similar to a granulated eye 
lid. This form of ulceration is by far the most fre- 
quent. It often exists for a great length of time with- 
out the person being aware of its presence, but it will, 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 257 

eventually, manifest itself by a letting down of the 
nerve force, resulting in lassitude, irritability, loss of 
appetite and sexual desire. This as well as all other 
forms of ulceration sooner or later show signs of gen- 
eral infringement upon the female economy; and so 
insidious is it that it is usually overlooked, even by 
medical gentlemen, until the patient is almost a total 
wreck of her former self. Ladies, if you would re- 
tain your youth, cheerfulness and hope, do not neglect 
yourselves ; if you would retain that elasticity in walk, 
that plumpness of form, that solidity of flesh, that bright 
and hopeful expression of countenance, keep your sex- 
ual organs healthy. The treatment for ulceration of 
the mouth, canal, or neck and cavity of the womb, 
necessitates local applications, which can only be done 
by an experienced physician. As a palliative course, 
which may cure mild cases of ulceration of the os — 
mouth of the womb — I can recommend the fluid ex- 
tract of Pinus Canadensis — hemlock bark; put one 
teaspoonful in a quart of warm rainwater; use three 
times a day, with the utero-vaginal syringe or indis- 
pensable cup syringe ; or use tannic acid, one drachm ; 
carbolic acid, one drachm; glycerine, eight ounces; 
two teaspoonfuls to a pint of warm rainwater; use 
with the syringe three times a day. Keep the bowels 
regular with pills (F. 3) or Rochelle salts, and use a 
tonic, such as compound tincture of cinchonia, in tea- 
spoonful doses, every three hours, or (F. 6) as directed, 
and be temperate sexually. 

DYSMENORRHEA. 

This is another difficulty from which females fre- 
quently suffer, and it is of great importance to them to 
17 



258 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

be cured ; not alone from the fact of the intense pain 
they endure at each menstruation, but also in that it 
prevents conception. Were these the only injurious 
results arising from the malady it, perhaps, would be 
coveted by many ; but be that correct or not, I can as- 
sure you that the very mildest forms of -female com- 
plaints are destructive to female happiness, and often 
destroy homes that once were joyous and bright. This 
trouble is truly not a disease of itself, but the result of 
certain diseased conditions and mal-positions. The 
different causes and varieties are as follows : Neural- 
gic, congestive, inflammatory, obstructive and mem- 
braneous. It is, therefore, of great importance that 
you employ a skilled physician, who will first endeavor 
to make a correct diagnosis as to the predisposing 
cause, and then treat and remove the trouble. I can 
assure you that physicians claiming to cure all forms 
of female complaints by remedies given internally, 
without ever resorting to local treatment to the os, and 
even clear into the cavity of the womb, or by surgical 
aid (which is often necessary), are practicing a fraud 
upon the public. 

I will now show you plates illustrating the truth- 
fulness of my assertion. You can see by the form of 
the os — mouth — and cervix — neck — leading to the cavity 
of the womb, the utter impossibility of reaching the 
cavity with medicated fluids without the aid of proper 
instruments in the hands of an experienced gynecolog- 
ical physician. 

After having read my lectures, no female need be 
imposed upon by ignorant pretenders by paying them 
large sums of money to no purpose, and finally becom- 
ing bed-ridden, or by repeated failures, so disgust their 
husbands that it causes them to look upon the members 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



259 



of the medical profession as a class of tricksters or im- 
posters. I am sorry to say it is too often the case that 
unprincipled men, professing much, and knowing but 
little, do great injustice to the profession by misrepre- 




Plate 1. (After Cunningham.) 

Retroflection of the womb, bent upon itself and pressing against the rec* 
turn, causing constipation and dysmenorrhea— painful, and frequently a 
scanty menstrual flow— also resulting in sterility. See lecture. 



sentations to the credulous, thereby causing the profes- 
sion to fall into disrepute, and all good physicians to 
be classed, by the victims of these imposters, as quacks* 
As I have already mentioned, the treatment, to be 



260 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

successfully executed, must be governed by the condi- 
tions present or the cause producing the disturbance. 
As a palliative course, I would recommend the fol- 
lowing : When the time approaches for the menstrual 
flow, the patient should go to bed and apply warm 




Plate 2. Anteflexion. (After Cunningham.) 

The womb bent upon itself and falling forward, frequently displacing the 
bladder, causing Cystocele (falling of the bladder), as seen in the engraving. 
The symptoms are the same, save that it causes difficulty of passing water 
whilst the bowel is not disturbed. Sterility and dysmenorrhea are also 
common to this displacement. 

bricks to the feet, the back and the abdomen; 
then take tincture of belladonna, twenty drops; 
tincture of opium, thirty drops ; fluid extract of cyp- 
ripedhim pubescens — lady slipper — one teaspoonful; 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 261 

fluid extract of caulophylhim thalictroides — blue cohosh — 
one teaspoonful, put in half a teacupful of warm water ; 
use by injection to the rectum and retain. This can be 
repeated every three or four hours, and it would be bene- 
ficial to make a tea of chamomile flowers or ginger and 
drink freely of it; also take twenty drops of the fluid 
extract of blue cohosh every two or three hours ; or 
put one tablespoonful in a teacupful of warm water and 
use by injection per rectum every three hours. For a 
more definite description of the malformations attend- 
ant upon this disease, see chapter on Flexions. 

DISPLACEMENTS. 

I now briefly call your attention to the different dis- 
placements of the womb, which create great disturb- 
ances in the female economy through mechanical press- 
ure. 

The first two plates are flexions of the womb. 

1. Retroflexion — bending backward upon itself. 

2. Anteflexion — bending forward upon itself. 
These flexions cause sterility and pressure upon the 

bladder or rectum (as seen by the cuts), resulting in 
constipation, piles, and a dragging pain in the back ; 
great irritability of the bladder, difficulty in passing 
water, cystocele — falling of the bladder — as seen in plate 
No. 2, and cystitis — inflammation of the bladder — dys- 
menorrhoea — painful menstruation — and leucorrhcea—~ 
whites. 

3. You here see a plate showing the three stages of 
procidentia — falling of the womb. 

4. The next form you see demonstrated on the plate 
we call anteversion. It occasions mechanical pressure 
upon the bladder, causing pain and often difficulty in 
passing urine. 



262 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

5. The next form you see is the retroversion, which 
is also demonstrated on the plate. The fundus or 
body tilting backward, pressing upon the rectum and 
resulting in constipation and tenesmus — griping — when 
at stool. 




Plate 3. (After Cunningham.) 

This cut represents the normal position of the womb by the top figure, and 
following that, the first, second and third positions of Procidentia— falling of 
the womb. 

Each and every form of displacement I have shown 
you, results from the following different causes, viz. : 

1st. Any influence that increases the weight of the 
uterus. 

2d. Any cause which diminishes its support. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 263 

3d. Any force pushing it out of place. 

4th. Any exertion which displaces it by traction. 

These displacements are often brought on by neglect 
during and after confinement, and also by the pernicious 
habit of giving narcotics — opium or morphine — to relieve 




Plate 4. Anteversion, 

Showing the normal position and the different stages of displacement for- 
ward. This form of displacement also creates disturbance with the bladder 
and of passing water, and many other disturbances common to female dis- 
eases. (After Cunningham.) 

after-pain s, and thereby prevent sub-involution — the 
womb contracting back to its proper and normal size. 
They also result from defective nutrition and uterine ca- 
tarrh. It is a common practice to employ pessaries to 
correct these displacements. Thousands of females 



264 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

are annually ruined by this wretched practice of wear- 
ing pessaries of every conceivable design and construc- 
tion, all of which are only palliative, and often not 
even palliative, but positively injurious. In fact, no 
female should think of wearing one unless guided by 
the advice of a physician ; even then they should be 
frequently removed and cleansed. I am wholly op- 
posed to the practice of wearing these pessaries. I 
removed a glass globe pessary from the vagina of an 
old lady who had worn it for six years without ever 
having it removed. I was compelled to bring it away 
with my obstetrical forceps. The mouth of the womb 
was as large as my fist, and looked like a piece of raw 
beefsteak, which was due to excessive friction on the 
pessary. Thus you see, in place of curing the diffi- 
culty it eventually increases it, and adds fuel to the 
flame. Better by far use tampons of cotton saturated 
with glycerine and tannic acid, which anybody can be 
taught to apply and remove as required. The best 
method is to take as much absorbent cotton — kept by 
all druggists — as you can pass into the vagina, tie a 
string to it, and saturate it thoroughly with the fol- 
lowing : 

R Acid tannici gi. 

Acid carbolici £i. 

Glycerinae purse ^viii. 

M. 

Then saturate the cotton and pass up to the womb 
gently, pressing the womb back to the normal position. 
This must be done while lying on the back, and as 
often as twice a day, morning and noon, and removed 
at night, to admit of thoroughly cleansing the vagina 
with tepid water. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



265 



There are many other forms of disease of the wonib,. 
all of which need special treatment according to their 
several natures ; most of them need surgical treatment, 
such as polypus and fibroid tumors, namely, sub-serous, 




Plate 5. Retroversion, 

A falling backwards and downwards of the fundus— body of the womb, caus- 
ing constipation by pressing upon the rectum, as shown in this diagram ; 
also pain in the back, and dyspepsia. (After Cunningham.) 

interstitial and sub-mucous. We have also ovarian 
tumors, which are simply cystic degenerations of the 
ovaries, containing a fluid. They result in enlarge- 
ment, the same as pregnancy, and can only be cured 



266 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

by removing them ; nothing but their removal by 
surgery can give relief of a permanent nature. 

WOMEN. 

In conclusion, I will say, gentlewomen, that I have 
endeavored to give you an outline of many diseases pe- 
culiar to your sex in as plain a manner as I possibly 
could. There are, however, very many complications 
of the diseases I have enumerated that would only be 
calculated to confuse you were I to lecture upon them ; 
and also incurable diseases, which could not possibly 
benefit you, were you to investigate their various na- 
tures and symptoms. I have aimed to give you such 
hints as will aid you in avoiding female complaints, 
many of which you certainly can avoid, if you obey 
the advice I have given; and also suggestions to ena- 
ble you to detect female complaints when you are suf- 
ferers, and to apply to competent physicians to be 
treated, before it is too late. I hope at least to save 
you from falling into the hands of located and travel- 
ing quacks. I have frequently treated ladies for uterine 
catarrh — endometritis — who told me they had never 
received such treatment, adding that those treating 
them prior to myself never treated the cavity of the 
womb, and yet the disease was located in the cavity 
alone. I wish to again remind you of the great im- 
portance of cleanliness of the sexual organs, thereby 
preventing leucorrhosa — whites — and catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the vagina and womb, as also ulceration, 
which frequently results from those diseases and the 
need of the toning influence of nature's purifying ele- 
ment, water. How strange it is that so many should 
dread the influence of water, and not fear filthy bodies 
and perchance dirty clothing and homes reeking with 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 267 

Hastiness. It is strange but true that we frequently 
find persons exceptionally particular and cleanly about 
their homes and clothing, especially their outer cloth- 
ing, while their bodies are covered with filth ; and I 
have frequently found women who thought it vulgar 
and improper to cleanse the vaginal canal. Fie on 
such ignorance and false modesty ! There are even 
men calling themselves physicians who condemn the 
practice of frequent ablutions or cleansing of the vag- 
ina, and claim that it is injurious and unnatural; as 
well say it is injurious and unnatural to bathe any part 
of the body. Let the water be the warmth of the 
blood, 98J° to 100° Fahrenheit, and the vaginal douche 
can be used at all times without fear of injury ; indeed, 
no woman should think of neglecting to bathe during 
the time she is menstruating, but never in water colder 
than the blood. The feet should be well covered, and 
the body comfortably clad; tight clothes or lacing 
should be avoided, and the skirts should be supported 
by straps over the shoulders. I have also given you 
such hints as will greatly aid you in retaining the love 
and affection of your husbands, and make home what 
it should be, a place of happiness; and it would be 
well for you to remember these hints. 

I have endeavored to teach you that it is not only 
to your interest, but also your duty to keep yourselves 
well, sexually and physically. No man should be bur- 
dened with a wife constantly sick, irritable, fault-find- 
ing and sexually unfitted to fill the capacity of a wife, 
or to procreate and bring forth healthy children, when 
her condition is due to her own willful neglect and 
iilthiness. Neither should she break herself down 
sexually and physically through overwork and drudg- 
ery. All men, when it is possible, should see to it 



268 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

that their wives are not compelled to overwork them- 
selves, and that they make no unjust and beastly de- 
mands of them. In fine, I trust that husbands may 
realize and appreciate from my lectures the importance 
of treating their wives with the greatest care, in order 
to protect them from any of the many female com- 
plaints which break down the nervous system and 
totally unfit them to fill the office of wives and moth- 
ers. But when men marry sickly women they should 
sympathize with them in their afflictions like honora- 
ble men, and endeavor to have them cured. 

OVARITIS. 

This is an inflammation of one or both ovaries ; it 
usually results from abortion or miscarriage, and is 
quite rare to non-pregnant women. It is usually as- 
sociated with other inflammations of the tissues Sur- 
rounding the womb, such as pelvic peritonitis peri- 
uterine cellulitis, disturbance of menstruation and 
gonorrhoea. 

The symptoms are, pain in one or both sides of the 
abdomen, with chills and fever, very sensitive to pres- 
sure and the abdomen distended. The disease may 
pass off without the formation oi'pus — matter — or there 
may be pus found, which may be discharged into the 
bladder, rectum or vagina. When there is positive 
evidence that pus is present, then it is best to draw it 
off with an aspirator. 

Treatment. — Anodynes, in proper doses, should be 
given to secure rest (F. 19), and tincture of aconite root ; 
for the fever (F. 25). The bowels should be opened 
every day and perfect rest enjoined. Blisters are also 
beneficial, as are also warm fomentations or poultices of 
flaxseed; turpentine and lard, in equal quantities, and 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 269 

thoroughly mixed, may be applied over the seat of 
the pain two or three times a day. Lemonade, or cool- 
ing drinks containing raspberry or currant syrup, are 
useful and agreeable. The nourishment should be light 
and bland, the body sponged every day if the fever is 
high ; and if pus is formed and hectic fever supervenes, 
egg-nogg and milk punch are in demand, as also wine 
and brandy, to sustain the strength. All such cases 
require close attention at the hands of a good physi- 
cian and the nurses. Keep the bowels opened with 
(F. 3) or Rochelle salts, and tone up during the pres- 
ence of hectic fever with (F. 26). The patient should 
be kept perfectly quiet, and free from the annoyance 
of meddlesome neighbors. "When there is intermit- 
tent fever attending it give (F. 12). 

COCCYODYNIA. 

This form of disease is quite common, and yet sel- 
dom understood or noted by the average practitioner. 
It is a disease of the terminus of the spine, and may 
be superinduced by a fall or an injury. Dr. J. C. 
Nott first described the malady in 1844, as neuralgia 
of the coccyx. He removed the terminal bones and 
found one carious — diseased. Persons suffering to any 
extent, and finding it painful to sit on a hard bottom 
chair, should consult a good surgeon if they wish to 
recover. 

TESICO-VAGINAL FISTULA. 

This is an opening from the bladder to the vagina, 
resulting in a constant leakage of urine through the 
vagina. It is usually caused from pressure during 
labor. The only remedy is a surgical operation. 



270 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

PRURITUS OF THE VULVA. 

This is one of the most annoying or distressing dis- 
eases the female is heir to. The intolerable itching 
often unfits the sufferer to go into society, or even 
upon the streets. It is a disease of the nerves of the 
vulva, and one usually of great obstinacy to cure, and 
often exhausts the skill of the ablest physician. 

Dr. T. Gaillard Thomas, Professor of Obstetrics and 
Diseases of Women and Children in the College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons, New York, recommends as a local 
application (F. 27-28). It is often the result of some 
form of uterine disease or of the vaginal tract, and will 
not yield to any treatment unless the exciting cause is 
removed ; the frequent bathing of the parts with am 
infusion of lobelia, to which has been added a tea- 
spoonful of baking soda to each pint of the infusion. 
(See F. 29.) The infusion should also be injected into 
the vagina at least three times a day. Tonics should 
be given (F. 6), and regularity of habits observed. 

HEMATOCELE OF THE PUDENDA. 

This is a hemorrhage in the tissue of one of the la- 
bia, or tissue surrounding the vagina. It is generally 
due to an injury, but may result from labor. I have 
only met with one case, which followed delivery. The 
lady had been delivered by a midwife and the disten- 
sion was enormous. In six hours I made an incision 
and turned out a clot, and ordered the cavity washed 
twice a day with (F. 29). The patient should remain 
quiet for a few days and the parts kept clean. Hernia 
may also take place into the labia, and if the gut be- 
come strangulated, death will take place in a few hours 
if not reduced. In any accident of the kind men- 
tioned apply at once to your physician. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 271'. 

ERUPTIVE DISEASES OF THE YULVA. 

Many of the various skin eruptions are liable to at- 
tack the vulva, and thereby become very troublesome, 
from their itching and painful character. The follow- 
ing are the most common, viz : Erythema, erysipelas, 
acue, lichm, prurigo, and eczema-syphilitica. 

Treatment. — Cleanliness is essential. Arsenic and 
iron (F. 26 and 30) internally, and the following salve 
(F. 31) applied to the parts. This disease frequently 
becomes chronic, and requires the aid of a physician 
of experience. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LABIA. 

This difficulty usually results in an abscess. The 
treatment is simply cleanliness and poulticing, and 
anodynes to relieve pain. Give one-fourth of a grain 
of morphine every two or three hours, to relieve pain, 
and (F. 2) if chills attend the malady. The bowels 
should be kept open with (F. 3) or Rochelle salts, and 
quiet enjoined. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE VULVA-VAGINAL GLAND. 

On either side of the vagina, just beyond its open- 
ing, there are two glands, with small canals opening 
into the vagina. These glands are called the vulva- 
vaginal glands. The ducts leading from these glands 
may become closed during an attack of vaginitis, and 
their secretions retained and result in their great en- 
largement, or inflammation may attack them, resulting 
in abscess. 

Treatment. — Frequent bathing, followed with poul- 
tices, is very beneficial. Anodynes should be given 
internally ; one-fourth of a grain of morphine every 



272 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

two or three hours, and one to three drops of the tinc- 
ture of aconite root every hour till free of fever. The 
bowels should be kept open with (F. 3) or Rochelle 
•salts, and if the patient has chills, quinine or (F. 2) 
should be given, and a bath taken every second or 
third day. The diet should be light and nutritious. 

FOLLICULAR VULVITIS. 

This disease may be recognized by the slight eleva- 
tions on the vulva ; the muciparous follicles being chiefly 
affected with intolerable itching, burning and heat in 
the parts, and an increased secretion of the glands, 
usually very offensive and irritating. The inflamma- 
tion frequently extends to the urethra, causing burn- 
ing and pain upon urinating. The parts often become 
very painful. All diseases of the vulva may be mis- 
taken for venereal diseases, and often result in sepa- 
ration and divorce of the husband. How often poor 
women suffer from the ignorance of their husbands, 
and too often from the mistaken diagnosis of illiterate 
physicians. 

Treatment. — The parts should be bathed frequently 
with cold water, and the vagina also cleansed with the 
fountain syringe or the indispensable cup syringe. 
Warm poultices will also be found beneficial, or a 
wash or lotion composed of carbolic acid, thirty (30) 
grains, sugar of lead, twenty (20) grains, morphine, 
twenty (20) grains, glycerine, two (2) ounces, water, 
four (4) ounces ; apply every three or four hours, after 
first cleansing with water. Dr. Oldham, one of the 
first to describe this disease, relied mainly upon (F. 32) 
as a local application or salve, which should be applied, 
.after cleansingwith water, four or five times a day. Al- 
terative treatment should be given when of long stand- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 273 

ing (F. 30). The chronic form is very difficult to cure. 
A removal of the mucous membrane is occasionally 
necessary to perform a permanent cure. There is an- 
other form called the gangrenous vulvitis, which is 
known by death of the parts, or mortification thereof. 
It is either due to an obstruction of the circulation, or 
depressed condition of the system, and demands ener- 
getic, local and constitutional treatment ; such cases al- 
ways require the skill of a good physician. 



18 



27-4 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



OBSTETRICS. 



Child-bearing is a sublime fulfillment of nature's 
laws, and, though accompanied with much suffering, 
is yet a subject not alone fruitful of rejoicing but 




Diagram of the Fcetus and Membranes about the Sixth Week, 

a, chorion; b, the larger absorbent extremities, the site of the placenta; c r 
allantois ; d, amnion ; e, urachus ; e, bladder ; /, vesicula umbilicalis ; g, 
communicating canal between the vesicula umbilicalis and intestine; h f 
vena umbilicalis ; i, i, arteria umbilicalis ; k, arteria omphalo-mesenterica ; 
I, vena omphalo-mesenterica ; n, heart; o, rudiment of superior extremity ;. 
p, rudiment of lower extremity. (After Hartshorne.) 

especially of particular demands upon obstetricians. 
Usually all that is necessary in the commencement of 
labor is to ascertain the position or presentation ; if it 
is normal it is safe to depend upon nature's own efforts, 
or at least until it is ascertained that the failing 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



275 




Male and Female Forms. 

The dotted lines show the marked difference between the hips of the male 
and female, by noting where they strike the shoulders of each figure ; also 
showing the natural waist of a female who has not been injured by lacing. 
(After Ramsbotham.) 



276 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

strength or lack of pains demand medical or surgical 
aid. 

When mal-positions, such as presentation of an arm, 
shoulder, knee, foot, breech, or transverse positions oc- 
cur, then the aid of a well-qualified obstetrical surgeon 



Mode op Examining the Womb for Ascertaining the Presentation. 
(After Ramsbotham ) 

is required to correct the position and deliver the wo- 
man. When the placenta is over the internal uterine 
canal — placenta prwvia — it then becomes a matter of 
grave moment that delivery be accomplished at once, 
or death will occur from hemorrhage. No physician 
or midwife should be permitted to practice midwifery 
who is not capable of detecting the different positions 
of presentations, normal or abnormal. 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 



277 



As I have stated previously, little can be done or, 
indeed, should be attempted; but when the pres- 
entation is abnormal, it should be detected just as soon 




Vertex Presentation. 
(Natural Presentation.) (After Ramsbotham.) 

as the mouth of the womb is sufficiently dilated to ad- 
mit of the proper examination, in order that the posi- 
tion may be corrected before the membranes are rup- 
tured and the water — amniotic fluid — has escaped, for 



278 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

then the operation of turning the child is much more 
easily accomplished and with less danger to the mother. 

Many women perish every year through criminal 
ignorance or neglect on the part of physicians and 
midwives. After the child has teen delivered the 
placenta must be brought away, for if allowed to re- 
main any considerable length of time it will expose 
the mother to pycemia — blood poisoning. With a ju- 
dicious effort on the part of the attendant the placenta 
may be brought away at once by using gentle traction 
upon the cord and grasping the womb through the walls 
of the abdomen; by this mode of manipulation it can 
usually be delivered in a few minutes. Great care 
must be observed not to use too much force in pulling 
on the umbilical cord, as there is danger thereby of 
inversion of the Avomb ; such accidents have occurred, 
but any physician or midwife bringing about such a 
result certainly deserves censure. 

When flooding — postpartem hemorrhage — supervenes 
it requires energetic treatment to check it, as a woman 
may lose her life in a few minutes. I would recom- 
mend the use of hot and cold injections into the va- 
gina, alternating every ten minutes, until flooding 
ceases. Astringent and stimulating teas, composed of 
witch-hazel, two ounces, capsicum, twenty grains ; to 
these add one pint of boiling water, and inject into 
the rectum as hot as can be borne, using four to six 
ounces at each injection and repeating every fifteen 
minutes or half hour. 

In severe cases ice should be carried into the cavity 
of the womb. I have arrested the hemorrhage in a 
number of cases that I believe would have perished in 
a few minutes, had ice not been used. Astringents 
may be given internally ; amnion io-ferric alum may be 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 279 

given in from two to three grains at a dose every half 
hour or hour. One grain of opium and one-fourth of 
a grain of sugar of lead, given every one or two hours, 
is greatly extolled by many. Ice applied over the ab- 
domen I believe to be injurious instead of beneficial, 
as it generally chills the patient, thereby driving the 




Face Presentation. (After Hartshorxe.) 

blood from the surface to the internal vessels and or- 
gans, causing feeble reactive power and arrest of 
uterine contractions. I am sure ice applied exter- 
nally can benefit by shock only, and that influence can 
be best maintained through the alternating of hot and 
cold applications. The putting on of the bandage may 
seem trifling, yet it is of much importance that it be 
applied correctly. When bandages are pinned too 
tight above and too loose at the bottom they are posi- 
tively injurious, producing the same results as tight 



280 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



lacing, forcing the bowels and the womb down to the 
bottom of the vagina — procedentia. The pernicious 
habit of giving opiates to relieve after-pains can not 
be too greatly condemned. These opiates prevent sub- 




Polypus Preventing Delivery. (After Ramsbotham.) 

involution — contraction of the womb — which state of 
enlargement frequently becomes permanent and is then 
termed hyperplasia, for fuller explanation of which 
you may refer to my lecture on female diseases. 

Following confinement, females may have inflamma- 
tion of the womb — metritis — and of the peritoneum — 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 281 

peritonitis — or both combined — metro-peritonitis. This 
disease is known as child-bed fever. It is a very fatal 
malady, and should be avoided if possible. The great- 
est care should be taken by those practicing obstetrics 
not to carry disease from one place to another. If a 
physician or midwife has waited upon a woman who 
has been stricken with child-bed fever, he or she 
should cease waiting upon females in confinement for 
at least one month. The proper removal of the pla- 
centa, with due attention to cleaning the linen and bed r 
are matters of great importance, and even washing out 
the vagina with one pint of lukewarm water once every 
day, in which one drachm of carbolic acid has been dis- 
solved, should never be neglected, especially when 
the discharge is offensive or presents the character of 
pus — matter. As no one should trifle with human life, 
I urge it as a sacred duty that all men owe to their 
wives, that none but those well qualified be employed 
to wait upon them during and after confinement ; for 
thousands of women die annually through the ignor- 
ance and neglect of physicans and midwives. It is a 
crime that poor women should so often be made the 
subjects of torture, and frequently ruined for life at the 
hands of the ignorant. Many females, by such abuse, 
become invalids for life through the rough manipula- 
tion of these ignorant and bungling impostors — quacks. 
I hope that every man and woman, married or single, 
will read this lecture carefully, in order to protect 
lying-in women from the hands of the uneducated and 
villainous pretenders who have filled the land with 
groaning women, whose cries reach to the skies and 
pierce the heart of humanity. Their wonderful discov- 
eries and successes are heralded to the public through 
the press, pasted upon bulletin-boards or fences like 



282 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

show-bills, and so commonly recommended to a con- 
fiding public by the religious (?) press in- long columns 
setting forth their wonderful cures ! And what is still 
worse, they are certified to or recommended by ministers 
and deacons of the churches, and imposters are thus 
aided in money -making at the expense of the women of 
the land. Our country is teeming with unmitigated 
scoundrels of this sort, who are daily duping the unwary 
through boastful pretensions and certificates of cures they 
never made, backed up by unscrupulous editors of 
papers conducted by some religious (?) body, filling 
column after column with matter as baneful and dan- 
gerous to their Christian readers as the immoral and 
vulgar literature is to the growing youth of the pres- 
ent day and generation. Against these depredators 
Mr. Comstock is battling energetically, and every 
mother and father in this country should bless him for 
his labors and his influence. What shall our decision 
be upon editors and publishers of papers conducted in 
the interest of religious bodies — bodies of different 
denominational faiths — when the columns of their pa- 
pers are teeming with the false statements of quacks or 
impostors and fraudulent certificates of cures made? 
Can honorable medical men, especially educated medi- 
cal men, have any respect or faith in the sincerity of 
such religious bodies, who, for gold, will permit, aye, 
welcome into the columns of their papers matter gotten 
up by men even worse than gamblers ? I say worse than 
the gambler, for he, by his tricks, robs you of your 
money only, whilst the pretentious quack robs you not 
alone of your money, but too often of life itself. It is 
the duty, as well as the privilege, of all honorable 
medical men to denounce quackery and imposition 
wherever found, either traveling or located, and espe- 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 283 

cially to denounce all papers professing to disseminate 
morality and religious doctrines, that lead the afflicted 
into the hands of quacks and impostors by giving space 
to the false statements of such designing rascals. These 
quacks are like the flowers of the upas tree — antiaris 
toxicaria — inviting to those unacquainted with them, 
but dealing out death to all who partake of their juice. 
In every city of our land there are men and women 
practicing obstetrics, who should no more be permitted 
to enter the chamber of a woman in labor than a beast 
of prey. Husbands, it were far better to entrust your 
wives to nature's own efforts than to imperil their 
lives by delivering them into the hands of uneducated 
and unqualified men and women whom the people too 
often dignify by the term nature's doctors. Do we find 
natural chemists, natural mechanics, natural lawyers, 
natural statesmen, natural musicians, or natural artists, 
editors or authors ? No. All men must study to ac- 
quire the knowledge they desire in any department of 
life. All that man may possess by nature is the men- 
tal capacity, which, if cultivated, may elevate him to 
distinction in whatever direction his talents lie ; but 
if not educated they are like the man we read of in 
holy writ, who buried the talents entrusted to him, 
rendering them of no benefit whatsoever. In conclu- 
sion, husbands and wives, let me say that I hope I 
have awakened you to such a sense of duty, in this 
department especially, that you may not be foolish 
enough to permit the unqualified to enter your houses, 
and I trust I have given such advice as will aid you 
in emergencies. Those wishing to become accouchers 
must thoroughly qualify themselves if they wish to be 
practical and do justice to themselves, and more espe- 
cially to those that employ them in their families. 



284 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



ABORTION. 

This criminal practice, and direct violation of all 
physiological laws, is becoming a national calamity 
and deserves special notice. In addition to the mur- 
der of the foetus in utero, it produces womb disease — 
when it does not result in death. At the last meeting 
of the American Medical Association, in the city of 
New York, a prize was offered" for a comprehensive 
and short pamphlet to circulate amongst females 
throughout our land, to enlighten them of the evils 
and criminal nature of forced abortions. 

Professor T. Gaillard Thomas says, in reference to 
his article on abortion : " However much I may de- 
sire reformation in this matter, it is not in the spirit of 
a reformer that all this is written. I am not raising 
my voice against a great national crime, but am striv- 
ing merely to establish the truth of my statement, that 
this crime is so frequent as to constitute in all classes 
of society — for it is limited to none — a great cause of 
uterine disease. " 

THE LUNGS. 

Before entering upon a treatise on general diseases, 
I wish to call your attention to the normal power and 
breathing capacity of persons (having sound lungs), 
according to their height (which I overlooked in 
my lecture on consumption). A healthy man, whose 
height is from five feet seven inches to five feet 
nine inches, breathes on the spirometer three hundred 
and twenty to three hundred and sixty cubic inches. 
When it falls much below twenty, and he can not ex- 
pand the chest by forced inspiration, much over one 
or two inches there is occasion to fear lung disease, in- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



285 



cipient consumption, or a diseased condition of either 
the liver, heart or stomach. The average healthy wo- 
man, whose height is five feet three inches to five feet 
five inches, should breathe 
on the spirometer from 
two hundred to two hun- 
dred and forty cubic inches. 
Of course, the amount of 
lung capacity increases or 
diminishes according to the 
height of the individual. 
The average lung capacity 
of a man whose height is 
five feet six inches is two 
hundred and ninety-six cu- 
bic inches, and that of a 
svoman the seme height 
:wo hundred and forty- 
four, making a difference 
of fifty-two inches in favor 
of the male sex. Much of 
this is due not alone to sex, _=J 
but more especially to the Ijjll 
pernicious habit of tight 

1~~: ~ „^A +U~ ,^„+ ^.f Tobold's Pneumatic Apparatus or 

iacmg and the ^ant ot spirometer. (Geo. tiemann & Co.) 
proper physical exercise in the open air, and under the 
healthful rays of the sun — the great chemist and blood 
maker. The aged do not apply in these measurements ; 
they can not breathe as much as those in the vigor and 
prime of life. The corpulent breathe less than the 
thin in flesh. Enlarged and diseased livers or hearts 
will also diminish the breathing capacity, even where 
the lungs are sound, as also a diseased stomach, es- 
pecially when distended with gas from sourness. 




286 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



GENERAL DISEASES. 



PNEUMONIA— LUNG FEVER. 

Inflammation of one or both lungs, or only a part 
of the lung, is called single, double or lobular pneu- 
monia, according to the amount of lung tissue in- 
volved. It is caused from cold and wet, or from in- 
jury, idiopathic or traumatic. It usually commences 
with a chill, followed soon by fever, delirium and diffi- 
culty of breathing, with more or less pain and cough ; 
vomiting is common with children. The patient be- 
gins to expectorate — spit up — the third day a matter 
usually mixed with blood, or rusty in appearance, as 
if the patient had been chewing some red substance. 
The height of the fever and severity of the disease is 
usually reached from the fifth to the seventh day, after 
which, in favorable cases', the fever begins to decline. 
When one lobule of the lung, or only one lung is at- 
tacked, especially in young children, it is favorable; 
when both lungs are attacked the patient usually dies, 
unless naturally very stout. Old people, or those pre- 
disposed to consumption, almost invariably perish. 

Treatment. — Open the bowels with (F. 3) or calo- 
mel, giving from one to ten grains, according to the 
age of the patient ; to be followed in from five to six 
hours with Rochelle salts or castor oil, if the calomel 
does not operate. Then use the following for fever : 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 287 

R Tincture veratri viridi gi. 

Tincturse aconiti radicis gss. 

Tincture opii deodoratse ^i. 

Liquouris ammonii acetatis %i. 

Syrupus simplex %i. 

Aquae destillatse ad ^iii. 

M. Signse : Give a child one year old ten drops every one or 
two hours ; to an adult, two teaspoonfuls every one or two hours. 

Apply mush poultices to the chest over the diseased 
lung, or a mustard draft. Five to ten drops of the 
tincture of lobelia may be given every hour. Make a 
tea as follows : Crushed white root, one teaspoonful ; 
lady slipper, one teaspoonful ; ginger, one-fourth tea- 
spoonful; lobelia, one teaspoonful; put in a teacup 
and fill with boiling water; keep warm and give a 
tablespoonful every hour. In low types the treatment 
must be more stimulating and sustaining, as the fol- 
lowing : 

R Quinize sulphatis ^iss. 

Ammonia? carbonatis £i. 

Mucilago acacias ^i. 

Syrupi tolutani gii. 

M. Signse : Two teaspoonfuls every two hours to an adult ; 
to a child one year old, five to ten drops. 

Children seldom have this low type, but when hep- 
atization — solidification: — is present, it is then very im- 
portant to give the above medicine, and a tea com- 
posed of Virginia snake root, white root and ginger, 
each one teaspoonful of the crushed roots; capsicum, 
ten grains ; put in a bowl and pour a pint of boiling 
water over them ; steep and keep warm ; give the pa- 
tient a swallow every one or two hours; also, give 
stimulating nourishment, such as beef tea, egg-nogg, 
wine whey, milk punch and whisky. Keep the bed and 
bedding clean and the room ventilated ; if in winter, 



288 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

keep the temperature of the room at about 65° or 70° 
Farenheit, above that it is injurious. Greater care is 
necessary in bad weather or in winter. After having 
"had lung fever, flannels should be worn next the skin, 
and breast-pads (lung protectors). 

PLEURITIS— PLEURISY. 

This is a disease of the pleura — a sack which sur- 
rounds each lung. In this difficulty, we may have 
simply congestion with recovery, or it may pass, if 
neglected, from congestion to inflammation. When 
first attacked, the patient experiences a sensation as if 
an instrument or knife was thrust in the side, or, as 
some would term it, a stitch. The patient can not 
take a deep breath without causing great pain, and of- 
ten faints. They invariably incline or lie on the side 
in which the disease is located, and often feel as if they 
must die at once. There is a slight cough, and if in- 
flammation supervenes the patient will have fever, 
with an effusion of serum — an accumulation of water — 
which presses upon the lung and often terminates in 
an accumulation of pus — matter. 

Treatment. — When attacked with this disease take 
ten drops (F. 48) in water every half hour or hour ; 
tablespoonful of (F. 33) every half hour or hour till 
easy, and rub over the seat of pain freely with (F. 7) 
and repeat every three hours, applying hot bricks or 
bottles of hot water as often as necessary to keep the 
side warm ; heat should be also applied to the feet and 
hot ginger tea given to drink. When the patient gets 
relief give a dose of (F. 3) and repeat every four hours 
till they act, or give ten grains of calomel to an adult, 
followed in five hours, if it don't act, with castor oil. 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 289 

To a child one year old, one half to one grain every 
three hours till it acts. Then give the following : 

R Quiniae sulphatis. 9ii. 

Acidi tannic! grs, v. 

Tincturae veratri viri gtt. xx. 

Tincture opii deodorata? giii. 

Spiritus lavendulse conipositi 31. 

Syrupus simplex ad ,^iii. 

M. Signa?. Dose : Two teaspoonfuls every two hours to an 
adult ; to a child one year old three to five drops. 

Great care must be taken in giving any remedy con- 
taining opium to children, and it should never be done, 
only by a competent physician, unless in emergencies. 
Children so young scarcely ever have the disease un- 
less exposed to cold and damp weather. Fly blisters 
are also good to prevent effusion or abscess. 

STOMA TITIS-APTHJE-IXFLAMMATIOX OF THE 
MOUTH. 

This embraces all the different kinds of sore mouth, 
both of children and adults, such as thrush, nursing 
sore mouth, etc. 

Treatment. — The best treatment for any of those 
troubles is to use the following powder : Pulverized 
borax, hydrastine, of each one drachm; pulverized 
charcoal, one-half drachm. This mixture should be 
put in the mouth every three hours, in small quanti- 
ties, and worked through the mouth with the tongue. 
Give (F. 1) to correct sour stomach, as directed. 

TONSILLITIS. 

This disease is what is commonly called quinsy. 
There is soreness in swallowing, with swelling and 
inflammation of one or both tonsils, accompanied with 
19 



290 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

fever. If it is not arrested at once it frequently swells 
so that it is difficult to breathe, and swallowing be- 
comes an impossibility. 

Treatment. — The treatment is simple. First open 
the bowels with. (F. 3) or a dose of salts. Use a 
gargle of the following: Tincture of lobelia, one 
ounce ; tincture of capsicum, one-half ounce ; dilute 
nitro-muriatic acid, four drachms. Put in a glass- 
ful of water and gargle frequently. For the pain and 
fever, give five grains of Dover's powder every three 
hours, or two drops of the tincture of aconite root and 
five drops of the deodorized tincture of opium every 
hour. AVhen the pain is great and the fever high, 
poultice the neck and apply the liniment (F. 7) freely, 
or when the liniment can not be procured, use coal oil, 
but not oftener than once. Leeching is also good. A 
small piece of ice may be held in the mouth or swal- 
lowed often. 

PHARYNGITIS. 

This disease in the acute stage is a mild form of 
sore throat, which is very common, resulting from 
cold, getting wet, or chilled. The treatment consists 
in giving a tea of slippery elm or flaxseed every two 
or three hours. Put one drachm of chlorate of pot- 
ash in a glassful of water ; gargle freely every one or 
two hours, or use from two drachms to one ounce of 
tincture of kino to a glassful of water and gargle of- 
ten. Little pieces of ice dissolved in the mouth are 
frequently beneficial. The chronic form of pharyngitis 
is more difficult to cure. Make a solution of nitrate of 
silver of from two to ten grains to the ounce ofc rain- 
water and pencil the throat with it ; then use the gar- 
gle as before directed. A gargle composed of the fol- 
lowing is also good: Bayberry, one drachm; capsi- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 291 

cum, twenty grains; lobelia seed, one drachm. Make 
a pint of tea and use as a gargle every three or four 
hours. Constitutional treatment must also be given, 
such as cod liver oil three times a day, or compound 
elixir of corydalis should be taken in teaspoonful doses 
three times daily; or if there is cough, use (F. 4). 
If there is much trouble with belching or sour stom- 
ach, take of (F. 1) a dessertspoonful every two hours 

until relieved. 

APHONIA. 

Loss of voice may be of short duration or perma- 
nent, and either functional or structural, nervous or 
hysterical. Persons may lose the voice through a 
shock of grief or anger. 

Treatment. — Electricity applied to the larynx, or 
blister the back of the neck. Where the voice has 
been suddenly lost, it may be relieved by holding a 
piece of borax in the mouth, weighing from three to 
four grains. When it is chronic, give a teaspoonful 
of the elixir calisaya bark, iron and strychnia three 
times a day, or the following tonic : 

R Acidi phosphorici diluti gi. 

Acidi nitro-niuriatici diluti ^i. 

Tincturse cinchona? composite ^vi. 

Tinctura? gentiana? composite ^iv. 

Syrupus tolutani ad. ^iii. 

M. Signse : A teaspoonful every three hours for adults. 

Change of air and sea bathing is also very benefi- 
cial. Drop doses of tincture of sanguinaria — blood 
root — diluted with water, may be taken every one 
or two hours. Inhalations, by the use of the ato- 
mizer, are also very beneficial. The following may be 
used with the atomizer once a day, for acute pharyngitis : 

R Tinctura? lobelia %i. 

Liquoris morphiseU. S. P ^iii. 



292 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

For chronic Aphonia : 

R Tincture sanguinarise ^i. 

Tincturae opii deodoratae ^i. 

Glycerina purse ^i. 

Aquae destillata? %iv. 

M. Signae : Use once or twice a day, inhaling one teaspoonful 
each time. 

BRONCHITIS. 

_nflammation of the mucous membranes of the bron- 
chial tubes is the result of a cold. It may be acute or 
chronic. In the acute stage, it commences with a 
tightness and soreness of the chest, fever and cough, 
and often a feeling as if you had inhaled sulphur. 
Later the cough becomes looser and deeper, and the 
patient begins to expectorate — spit up — a frothy or yel- 
lowish matter, or, at times, greenish yellow. This dis- 
ease, is dangerous in old persons and young children, 
but seldom fatal in middle age. 

Treatment. — It may frequently be arrested at its 
commencement, by taking a warm foot bath, and taking 
internally four to six grains of quinine, together with 
six to ten grains of Dover's powder, followed with a glass 
of hot lemonade, containing a tablespoonful or two of 
whisky, and then go to bed, with a warm brick to the 
feet. Should this be neglected, or fail, take a dose of 
(F. 3) every six hours till they act freely, or Rochelle 
salts. Use (F. 4) for the cough and pain ; bathe the 
chest with liniment (F. 7) every six or twelve hours, 
and if there is fever, take ten to twenty drops of the 
tincture of lobelia, or two drops of the tincture of ac- 
onite root every hour, and should the patient have 
chills with it, then give (F. 2 or 12). 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 293 

ASTHMA— PHTHISIC. 

This disease comes on in paroxysms, perhaps every 
twenty-four hours, every week, month, or every fall — 
hay fever. It is often very distressing, the patient 
feeling a sense of suffocation ; breath short, or almost 
gone, face often pale or livid — blue, — looks anxious or 
distressed, wheezes when breathing, and the face and 
body bathed in a cold perspiration. The attack may 
last only for a few minutes, or for hours or days. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists, for immediate 
relief, in breaking one of Parke, Davis & Co.'s 
pearls of nitrate of amyl in a handkerchief, or drop- 
ping five (5) drops of the drug on a handkerchief, in- 
haling the same as chloroform till relief is obtained, 
which is usually rapid ; the pearls are much the safest. 
If the fluid is dropped on the handkerchief, great care 
is necessary to cork the bottle, as it is a powerful 
poison. Then follow with the following: 

R Quiniae sulphas ten grains. 

Sugar of milk twenty grains. 

Oil of lobelia ten drops. 

Triturate in a mortar thoroughly, and then divide 
into ten equal parts, and give one every hour, or if 
in great distress, every half hour till the patient is re- 
lieved, then every three hours. Asthmatic persons 
should endeavor to keep the feet warm and dry, bow- 
els open, and keep regular hours in eating, sleep- 
ing and bathing ; also observe very carefully what kind 
of food agrees with them. I have frequently found a 
change of climate very beneficial, and those who suffer 
annually every fall with hay asthma or fever, may es- 
cape entirely by going to the seashore before the attack 
usually comes on, and remaining away from four to 
six weeks. 



29£ THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ANTI-EMETIC REMEDIES. 

As vomiting is a common occurrence in many dis- 
eases, and as it is very distressing and exhausting, I 
will give a number of remedies which may be used ; 
many times one remedy will fail when some other one 
will give the desired relief: A mustard plaster placed 
over the stomach, or the nape of the neck, or what is 
still better, along the entire spine, is very beneficial. A 
spice poultice, composed of cinnamon, cloves and all- 
spice — equal parts — moistened with warm whisky, and 
applied over the stomach, between cloths, and kept 
moist by pouring one or two tablespoonfuls of whisky 
over the poultice every half hour, allowing it to filter 
through the skin, is an admirable application in cholera 
morbus or cholera infantum. The poultice should be 
applied hot, and kept warm with the addition of warm 
whisky as warm as the skin will bear it. The poultice 
should be fastened on with a bandage around the waist, 
or it will be constantly falling off during the retching 
of the patient. Small particles of ice held in the mouth, 
and even swallowed, are frequently found to be one of 
the very best remedies. Lime water given in from five 
to twenty-drop doses, every ten to fifteen minutes, is 
also an excellent remedy, and all of the following are 
frequently beneficial : Mineral water, champagne, 
brandy, aromatic spirits of ammonia, compound tincture 
cardamom, compound spirits lavender, cinnamon water, 
spirits chloroform, sub-nitrate of bismuth, oxalate of 
cerium, creasote, carbolic acid, infusion of cloves, and 
calomel in small doses. Very stimulating injections 
are also very effective where the vomiting is due to 
congestion of the stomach or bowels, or even the brain. 
Use the following as an injection : 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 295 

& Spirituschloroformi, £ii. 

Spiritus eetheris conipositi gvi. 

Spiritus vini gallici %i. 

M. Signse : One or two teaspoon fuls every one or two hours 
in a teacupful of warm water, and given by injection. This should 
be repeated every hour till easy, and at the same time wring a 
cloth out of hot water, and apply over the stomach as hot as the 
patient can bear it. This should be repeated every few minutes, 
till relieved. In congestive attacks, ten grains of quinine should 
be given with the above compound, every three hours, till thirty or 
forty grains are used. Great caution should be observed not to 
allow the patient to drink too much ; in fact, it would be much 
better not to give any fluids whatever other than the remedies. 
Many persons perish from being permitted to drink freely of ice- 
water or teas. See doses of the above remedies in the back of the 
book. 

ULCER OF THE STOMACH. 

Persons of a strumous or scrofulous diathesis and with 
feeble constitutions, are the ones usually afflicted with 
this serious disease. It may be known by the following 
symptoms : pain in the stomach, extending to the back, 
with more or less sick stomach f pain upon pressure 
over the stomach, and an increase of soreness or pain 
when walking or if jarred. The pain increases after 
eating, especially if hot food is partaken of; sugar or 
vinegar will also increase the pain. When blood is 
vomited, it is a strong indication of ulcer ; indeed, you 
•can not with any certainty, decide it as a case of ulcer 
without such proof; even then it may be due to cancer. 
Chronic inflammation, aortic aneurism — a morbid dila- 
tation of the great artery — or spinal disease, will also 
present the same class of symptoms, but there will be 
no vomiting of blood. Cancer, however, may be de- 
tected by a tumor being present, and spinal disease by 
the approaching deformity. 

Treatment consists of remedies calculated to pro- 
mote cicatrization ; amongst the very best are nitrate 



296 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

of silver and opium; take five grains of nitrate of 
silver, three grains of opium and two grains of nitrate 
of sanguinaria ; mix well and make twenty pills ; take 
one three times a day, three hours after meals ; or the 
oxide of silver in one or two-grain doses every six 
hours ; or subnitrate of bismuth in three or four-grain 
doses three times daily, and hydrastine may also be 
given with advantage in two-grain doses every three 
hours. Medicines, however, are often more injurious 
than beneficial, by causing more nausea and vomiting, 
and thus favoring greater hemorrhage to the greater dan- 
ger of the patient. I would much prefer giving from ten 
to twenty drops of liquor ergotse purificatus (of Parke, 
Davis & Co. make,) by hypodermic injection every two 
or three hours, or five grains of ergotine every one to 
three hours and apply cold cloths or ice over the 
stomach and give at the same time very stimulating 
and astringent injections in the rectum, composed 
of extract of witch-hazel one ounce, extract of ergot 
two drachms, tincture of capsicum one-half ounce, one- 
half to be put in a teacupful of warm Avater, injected 
with the fountain syringe and repeat every hour until 
all hemorrhage ceases. The less put in the stomach 
the better, unless it be simply ice, swallowed in small 
pieces. If the patient is suffering much from pain or 
vomiting, a hypodermic injection of one-sixth or one- 
fourth of a grain of morphia will also give relief. Any 
course by which you can influence the system and not 
burden the stomach, is always the best to pursue. 
Should the feet be cold, place hot bottles to them and 
also along the spine, or even mustard plasters are very 
beneficial. Persons suffering with ulcer of the stom- 
ach, should be very careful about their diet ; soups, 
puddings, milk, eggs, oat-meal, porridge, all bland 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 297 

and easily digested food, should be used. Solid food 
must be discarded. 

GASTRITIS. 

This is an inflammation of the stomach ; it may be 
either acute or chronic. Genuine inflammation of the 
stomach usually results from corrosive poisons or 
from injuries. The common form, which we usually 
see, is the result of a cold, and is technically called 
gastro-hepatic catarrh. It involves the stomach, duo- 
denum and liver, and is more commonly known as 
bilious attack. This is a common disease in the mid- 
dle States, more especially in malarial districts. In 
the acute form there is great distress and vomiting of 
food and fluids, tenderness on pressure over the stomach, 
with more or less fever ; and usually a slow, irregular, 
compressible pulse, but if the pulse is rapid it is usu- 
ally feeble. Acute gastritis, where it is the result of 
an injury or poison, soon kills if not relieved. In 
the catarrhal form the patient vomits up a greenish 
yellow fluid, has excessive headache, and usually con- 
stipation of the bowels. 

Treatment should consist, if due to a poison, in wash- 
ing out the stomach with a stomach-pump, and getting 
rid of any poison that may be present. Then give the 
patient one-sixth to one-fourth of a grain of morphine 
by injection with an hypodermic syringe, by dissolving 
one of Wyeth's tablets in from ten to twenty drops of 
water, and inject, free from air, under the skin in the 
thick part of the left arm three or four inches above the 
elbow, being careful not to inject into a vein. Put one- 
third of a grain of ipecac into a glassful of cold water ; 
give a teaspoonful every ten minutes to stop vomiting, 
or small pieces of ice may be swallowed every few min- 



298 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

utes, but give the patient nothing to drink until vom- 
iting ceases. A spice poultice over the stomach is also 
good, composed of equal parts of pulverized cinna- 
mon, cloves and allspice, made wet with warm whisky, 
put between cloths and placed over the stomach, then 
moisten every half hour by pouring a tablespoonfnl 
of warm whisky over the poultice. As soon as the 
vomiting ceases, give a cathartic of Rochelle salts or 
(F. 3), as directed. 

LARYNGITIS. 

A slight congestion or inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the larynx is very common, the result of 
cold ; its signs being a dry, harsh, hoarse cough and 
soreness in breathing. It is also attended with fever 
and frequently a feeling of suffocation and difficulty of 
swallowing. There is danger of a dropsical effusion 
taking place under the mucous membrane of the lar- 
ynx, resulting in suffocation and death, if relief is not 
obtained. We frequently find chronic laryngtis in 
consumptives. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists in bringing rem- 
edies in contact with the mucous membrane, through 
the use of the atomizer, by spraying (vaporizing) the 
larynx. Put one ounce of hops, one drachm of fluid ex- 
tract hyoscyamus, and one drachm of tincture of opium 
in one pint of boiling water, and inhale the vapor sev- 
eral times daily, or take benzoate of soda, twenty grains ; 
add to one ounce of water and inhale with the atom- 
izer once or twice a day, using from one-third to one- 
half ounce at each inhalation, or take five grains of 
morphine, and carbolic acid ten grains, to two ounces 
of water, use one-third by inhalation, as directed. If 
the patient can take cod liver oil, then it should be 



TJFE AXD HYGIEXE. 299 

taken in tablespoonful doses three times a day in 
whisky, or the elixir of ealisaya bark and iron may 
be taken in teaspoonfnl doses three or four times a 
day. If the cough is troublesome, take (F. 4) and 
keep the bowels regular with (F. 3). If there is sore- 
ness of the stomach or heartburn, use (F. 1), bathe reg- 
ularly once a week, avoid exposure, and eat wholesome 

diet. 

CROUP. 

This disease is detected by a hoarse cough, and often 
attended with labored breathing. There are three kinds 
of croup, spasmodic, membranous and diphtheritic. The 
spasmodic is due to deranged nervous action ; the mem- 
branous to an inflammation of the larynx and trachea ; 
the diptheritic is formed in the mucous membrane of 
the fauces and trachea. The second and third men- 
tioned are both very dangerous, and require prompt 
treatment, and when possible, the employment of a 
physician, as both forms of the disease are fatal in their 
character. There is great danger in delay, as the differ- 
ence in the treatment of inflammatory and diphtheritic 
•croup is very great ; the one being attended with a sthe- 
nic — high grade of fever ; the other asthenic — low grade 
of fever. 

Treatment. — The treatment must necessarily vary 
much, and it would not be safe for any one to attempt to 
make the distinction, unless it is a well posted physician. 
I shall, therefore, say but little about the treatment, 
trusting that all who read this may not attempt to do 
what requires the closest attention of an experienced 
physician to do. In inflammatory croup, and also the 
spasmodic form of the disease, it is necessary to give 
agents to relax and increase the secretions, and the fol- 
lowing will be found beneficial : 



300 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

B Tinctune lobelia? £ss. 

Tincture sanguin arise ^ii. 

Tincturae ipecacuanhas 3 SS * 

Syrupus simplex ad. 3jii. 

M. Signae : Give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till the 
patient vomits freely , then every hour till the patient is relieved. 

For the diphtheritic kind, only until you can get a 
physician, give the following : 

B Quinise sulphatis grs xii. 

Acidi lactici ^ss. 

Tincturae sanguinariae gii. 

Syrupus zingiberis ad ^ii. 

M. Signae : A teaspoonful every one or two hours, for a child two 
years old ; for one year old, from fifteen to thirty drops ; for a child 
six months old, five to ten drops. 

In spasmodic croup, a very good remedy in emer- 
gency, is common powdered alum. Give a half tea- 
spoonful in molasses every ten or fifteen minutes till 
the patient vomits freely, or an infusion of lobelia. 
Many frequently resort to a plaster of Scotch snuff over 
the breast and stomach. This I consider a practice at- 
tended with danger, and in the membranous or diphthe- 
ritic form, positively injurious. I hope that all who 
may read this treatise on croup, will be on their guard, 
and employ a physician in time, and not depend on 
their own judgment till it is too late. In the low forms 
of either diphtheritic or membranous, alcoholic stimu- 
lants are needed from the commencement, and beef tea 
every one or two hours to sustain the strength. In- 
halations from the steam of a kettle or of slacking lime 

is also good. 

PLEURODYNIA. 

Neuralgia of the nerves, between the ribs, is known 
by having a dull pain without fever. The pain may be 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 301 

in one or both sides, usually on the left. It is usually 
increased by deep breathing, coughing or rnoying the 
arms. 

Treatment. — The treatment is simple : Giye the pa- 
tient a cathartic of (F. 3) or Rochelle salts, giving an 
adult a tablespoonful every three hours till they act, 
then follow with twenty grains of quinine, made into 
ten capsules or powders, taking one every two hours. 
Apply the liniment (F. 7) to the seat of pain three 
times a day. 

INTERCOSTAL NEURAMA. 

Severe pains between the ribs, usually between the 
sixth and tenth ribs, and very frequently of an inter- 
mitting character. 

Treatment. — The treatment in a malarial district 
usually requires antiperiodics, as quinine and opium, 
opening the bowels with Rochelle salts in tablespoonful 
doses every three hours, or {F. 3), and the following 
quinine mixture : 

B Quiniaa sulphatis ^iss. 

Acidi tannici grs.v. 

Tincturse opii deodoratae ^iii. 

Tincturaa gelseminum gss. 

Syrupi tolutani ad.^iii. 

M. Signae : A dessertspoonful every two hours. 
ENTERITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 

The Symptoms of this disease are pain, increased by 
pressure, walking and riding, fever and constipation, 
and as the disease progresses, swelling of the abdo- 
men, vomiting and diarrhoea, which latter often as- 
sumes a bloody and even a purulent — mattery — charac- 
ter. The causes are varied, such as exjx)sure, injury, 



302 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

constipation, corrosive poison, strangulated hernia and 
obstruction of the bowels. 

Typhlitis is an inflammation of the ccecum, or large 
gut, at the point where the small gut ends in the as- 
cending colon ; at that point we have what is called 
the ilio-ccecal valve — a valve-like opening between the 
ilium and the colon. Peri-typhlitis is perhaps the same 
difficulty, but in a more severe form, and possibly in- 
volves a portion of the peritoneum immediately over 
that part. 

Treatment. — Such cases should be kept easy with opi- 
ates, given in grain doses every two or three hours; 
tincture of aconite root may be given in doses of one, 
two or three drops every hour for the fever, and warm 
poultices of flaxseed meal or mush should be applied 
over the abdomen and covered with oiled muslin to 
retain heat and moisture. I would recommend the 
application of equal parts of turpentine and lard be- 
fore applying the poultice, which should not be heavy 
enough to cause pain, and ought to be changed only 
twice or three times every day. Where the pain is 
great, or nausea or vomiting present, give a teaspoon- 
ful of (F 1), using one-fourth of a grain of ipecac in 
a glassful of water, and given in teaspoonful doses, to 
arrest vomiting. Cold drinks of slippery elm-bark 
water, or gum arabic dissolved in cold water and given 
often in small quantities, is also valuable. Acid fruits 
should be avoided, and light diet enjoined, such as ar- 
rowroot, sago, Irish moss, corn starch, oat meal and beef 
tea, either of which should be prepared as directed in 
our formulas of dietary for the sick. When there is 
constipation, which may occur more especially in typh- 
litis or peri-typhlitis, the bowels should be opened by 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 303 

enemata — injections, or castor oil. The enemata is 
preferable ; if it fails, oil may then be given. 

PERITOMTIS. 

Inflammation of the peritoneum is a very danger- 
ous disease; indeed, it is one of the most fatal we 
have to encounter. The peritoneum is a serous mem- 
brane that covers the bowels. The various forms of 
this disease are idiopathic, traumatic, tubercular and 
puerperal. The first or simple form may arise from 
cold, due to exposure; the second results from injury, 
or from a penetrating ulcer of the stomach or bowels, 
permitting the contents to pass into the abdominal 
cavity, or abscess of the liver, resulting in a discharge 
of matter into the cavity ; the third is due to tuber- 
cles, with softening and inflammation, the same as in 
consumption ; and the fourth form is puerperal — child- 
bed — fever, following neglect or want of proper atten- 
tion after confinement, or from unavoidable causes. 

The symptoms are, pain throughout the entire abdo- 
men, with more or less swelling or puffing up of the 
bowels, usually very marked after the first few days ; 
pain very much increased by pressure or movements — 
even the weight of the bed-clothing frequently dis- 
tresses the patient ; breathing is usually difficult, due to 
distended bowels pressing against the lungs and heart ; 
constipation ; tympanites — drum sound on percussion — 
with fever, and a rapid but weak pulse, easily com- 
pressed after the first three or four days. If the case 
be a severe one, the patient becomes delirious, restless 
and unable to sleep, and sudden death by collapse may 
be the result. 

Treatment. — In this disease energetic bleeding can 
be resorted to with great advantage in some cases, but 



304 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

other cases will not bear it, such as the anaemic — 
bloodless — in the puerperal form, bleeding is not ap- 
propriate; on the contrary, it may prove injurious. 
Opium should be given in one or two-grain doses every 
two or three hours, and tincture of aconite root, from 
one to three drops, every one or two hours ; tincture 
of veratrum viridi may also be given in from one to 
five-drop doses every hour. It may cause sick stom- 
ach and vomiting. When such is the case reduce the 
.dose or give it farther apart. Apply over the abdomen 
a flaxseed meal poultice, covered with powdered lobelia 
seed and made moist with alcohol or whisky. They 
should be made light and covered with oiled muslin, 
.to retain moisture and heat. I would advise anoint- 
ing the abdomen thoroughly every three or six hours, 
with the following ointment: Chloral hydrate and 
pulverized camphor, each one drachm ; extract of opium 
and belladonna, each twenty grains ; cosmoline, three 
ounces. Spirits of turpentine and lard, in equal parts, 
rubbed well together, may be applied as before directed. 
Calomel, in one-half to one-grain doses, may be given, 
with one-grain doses of opium, to prevent an effusion of 
lymph. When the stage of debility supervenes, the 
calomel should be omitted and quinine substituted, in 
one-grain doses. If the bowels need opening use an 
enemata — injection — of warm rainwater and soap ; but 
it should be thrown into the bowels gently. Use from 
one to two pints at a time every hour till they act. 
The addition of five or six ounces of milk of assafoe- 
tida is an excellent remedy to expel gas from the 
bowels, and is frequently very soothing. Light and 
bland nourishment should alone be given, such as ar- 
row root, sago and beef tea ; and to sustain the strength 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 305 

good whisky or wine, egg-nogg, milk punch or wine 
whey. 

COLIC. 

Flatulent, spasmodic, bilious and lead colic, all yield 
to anodynes ; but other remedies should be resorted to 
to aid in a cure. In flatulent colic give (F. 1) a tea- 
spoonful every fifteen minutes to every hour, accord- 
ing to the severity of the case, until relieved. Cloths 
wrung from hot water as hot as can be borne and ap- 
plied every few minutes, is also of great aid. Give ten 
drops of deodorized tincture of opium every half hour 
or hour till relief is obtained. For bilious colic give 
ten drops of spirits of chloroform and ten drops of the 
fluid extract of wild yam every fifteen minutes or half 
hour till easy ; strangulated hernia produces colic and 
vomiting, and it is always well to see if the gut is not 
strangulated before losing time on remedies. (F. 1) 
can be given in all forms of colic till relief is obtained, 
or the following are all common remedies; brandy, 
assafoetida, ether, chloroform, peppermint, bicarbonate 
of soda, aromatic spirits of ammonia, anise, fennel, and 
paregoric and opium. See table of doses in the back 
of the book. 

CHOLERA MORBUS. 

This disease is so common as to be understood by 
almost everybody. The patient is usually attacked in 
the night with pains in the stomach and bowels, with 
cramping or tonic spasm, excessive vomiting, and the 
head and face bathed in cold perspiration. It is a 
very distressing disease, and friends fear death, but 
the patient is usually too sick to think of death. In 
addition to the retching or vomiting, there is a purg- 
20 



306 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

in ( ^ as well, and in severe cases the stool is passed in 
bed, the patient being unable to get up. 

Treatment. — Give a teaspoonful of (F. 1) every fif- 
teen minutes or half hour, and put one-third of a grain 
of ipecac in a tumblerful of cold water ; give a teaspoon- 
ful every ten minutes for sick stomach ; apply a spice 
poultice over the stomach (F. 49), and keep it wet 
by pouring a tablespoonful of warm whisky over it ev- 
ery fifteen minutes or half hour ; or apply a mustard 
plaster, or give ten drops of deodorized tincture of 
opium every half hour or hour till relieved ; or one-sixth 
of a grain of morphine may be given by hypodermic 
injection. Apply bottles of hot water to the feet and 
along the spine, and hot cloths, as hot as can be borne, 
to the stomach and bowels, changing them often ; or 
give an injection composed of one-half ounce of Hoff- 
man's anodyne, twenty drops of tincture of opium, 
brandy one ounce, quinine ten grains, and one-half 
teacupful of warm milk for one dose ; inject every hour 

and retain. 

CHOLERA INFANTUM. 

This disease is commonly called summer complaint. 
It is the disease to be most dreaded during the hot months, 
and especially is it so in large cities and towns where the 
air is loaded with poisonous gases from vaults, sewers, 
and from decomposing animal and vegetable matter; 
also in large tenement houses, where the people live in 
filth and degradation. When the heat runs above 90° 
in the shade it becomes one of the most fatal of dis- 
eases to teething children ; the excessive vomiting and 
purging frequently destroys them in a few hours; 
yet it often assumes a sub-acute or chronic form, 
and may last for days and even weeks. The predis- 
posing causes may be summed up as follows : Heat 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 307 

ranging up to 90° or above in the shade, impure 
air, improper ventilation, neglect in bathing every 
day, cramming or overloading the stomach, and 
the pernicious habit of feeding children cow's milk 
(swill milk), obtained from dairymen, too often of 
diseased cows, suffering from fever, diseased udders, or 
even those suffering from tuberculosis — consumption. 
TThen the milk itself happens to be pure and good, 
the bottle and tubing is frequently allowed to become 
filthy, or sourness, fermentation and decomposition 
poison them, and the yeast or ferment of decay and 
death is mixed with the milk by pouring it into such 
filthy and poisonous vessels. Have two or three bot- 
tles and tubing, and keep those not in use immersed 
in a gallon of water containing a tablespoonful of soda. 
See that the children are not overfed or underfed, and 
that the milk is from a young, healthy cow, and be 
especially particular that the cow is fresh. Keep the 
milk in stone vessels, which should be scalded and 
cleansed thoroughly with boiling water every day and 
allowed to stand in the sun for one or two hours ; to 
each pint of pure fresh milk add one tablespoonful of 
lime-water and mix thoroughly, and place in a pure 
refrigerator or a good clean cellar, either of which 
must be free from mustiness, mildew, decaying vege- 
tables or fruits and rancid lard or butter. The child 
should be fed every one to four hours, according to 
age ; a young babe every hour. Many young babes 
should not have more than one ounce at each feeding 
or nursing, or about four tablespoonfuls ; others may 
require more, increasing the quantity and intervals as 
they grow older. The milk should be diluted about 
one-half for young babes, and sweetened a little ; but 
the milk should never be boiled, as it alters or 



308 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

changes the casein — cheesy part — and makes it harder 
to digest ; it should be warmed to a temperature of the 
blood — 99°-100° F. When wet nurses are employed, 
these should be young and healthy, and one whose 
child is about the age of your own, and the nurse free 
from any blood taint, such as syphilis, consumption, 
scrofula, cancer, or any bad family history, and, above 
all, moral and motherly. Let me just here warn you 
again against the pernicious custom of employing wet 
nurses, for it is impossible to be certain of the purity 
of any wet nurse or of her family being free from taint. 
Mothers, do you wish to plant the seeds of decay 
and death in your sons or daughters, or have them 
drink in the very nature and traits of their wet 
nurses? If not, avoid such practices. When you 
.have sufficient milk for your child, nurse it yourself, 
unless your health will not permit it. If your child 
throws up the milk, it is oftener due to overfeeding or 
to dancing or churning it in the air or on the knee 
than to impurity of the milk. When it is in the habit 
of throwing or belching up the milk, give it less at 
each nursing, but oftener, and see that it is kept quiet ; 
rocking a child will often produce nausea and vomiting. 

Treatment. — The treatment must be energetic. I 
have found the following remedies to be efficacious: 
Camphorated tincture of opium one-half ounce, spirits 
of chloroform one-half drachm, spearmint water one 
ounce. Mix and give from five to twenty drops every 
ten to fifteen minutes till easy, or (F. 41 .) Hot cloths 
wrung from hot water and applied over the stomach 
every ten or fifteen minutes, or a spice poultice (F. 49.) 
This should be applied over the stomach, then pour a ta- 
blespoonful of warm whisky over the poultice every half 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 309 

hour or hour, or give (F. 1). Fluids should be given in 
not greater than teaspoonful doses every fifteen minutes, 
as it favors vomiting to give them freely. Ice planed 
off like snow is also very beneficial to allay thirst and 
check vomiting. 

DIARRHOEA. 

This disease is usually a secondary trouble, the re- 
sult of either a cold, a congestion or inflammation of the 
bowels, and it is frequently due to certain laxative or ir- 
ritating foods that have been eaten, or indigestion result- 
ing in fermentation or sour stomach, or catarrh of the 
stomach or entire alimentary canal. Some of the va- 
rious conditions just enumerated frequently produce 
diarrhoea, or a looseness of the bowels, which often re- 
quires checking or controlling. 

Treatment. — Give a teaspoonful of castor oil to chil- 
dren ; two drops of turpentine and five drops of pare- 
goric every six hours for three doses, or a teaspoonful 
of (F. 1 ) more or less as to the age, or a dose of Ro- 
chelle salts. Inflammatory diarrhoea needs opium and 
aconite, not astringents, whilst atonic diarrhoea needs 
astringents and tonics. (F. 52), may also be given. 

DIABETES-IXSIPIDUS AXD MELLITUS. 

This disease is known by an excessive discharge of 
urine every day, attended with thirst; the first named 
is free from sugar, the mellitus contains sugar. The 
exciting cause of both may be enumerated as far as un- 
derstood to be exposure, intemperance, violent emo- 
tions or passions, blows on the head and diseases of 
the brain. In the advanced stages of both diseases the 
skin becomes dry and harsh, emaciation, derangement 
of the liver and lungs. The eyes very frequently su£- 



310 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

fer, and the disease may develop tuberculosis — con- 
sumption. 

Treatment. — But little can be hoped for from treat- 
ment ; opium is perhaps the very best in the whole list of 
remedies commonly used. Tincture of perchloride 
of iron may also be given in doses of ten drops three 
times a day diluted in water, and in malarial districts 
quinine will be found beneficial, in doses from one to 
five grains twice or three times a day. It is useless to 
mention a list of remedies, for, as a rule, they are not 
curative, yet some recover. Recent attacks will yield 
to opium quicker than any other remedy. 

HEMORRHOIDES-PILES. 

This difficulty is simply an enlarged, relaxed and 
thickened condition of the veins and of the mucous 
membrane of the rectum ; the veins frequently rupture 
and bleed profusely. Through pressure and inflam- 
mation large and hardened lumps or tumors are formed 
and are very painful. There is usually pain in the back 
and in the rectum, with more or less disturbance of 
the stomach. Many suffer almost the pangs of death 
at stool, which is due to their excessive tenderness. 
Constipation or a lax condition of the bowels favors 
these tumors by injuring the hemorrhoidal veins. 

Treatment. — The bowels should be kept very regular. 
The habit of using cathartics is injurious, and especially 
so if aloes is one of the agents used. The radical cure 
is extirpation. Many cases that I have operated upon 
have been well for years, and these previously were 
totally unable to work for months. There are cases, 
however, that may be cured entirely without being op- 
erated upon ; but, as a rule, extirpation is the only 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 311 



radical cure. The following salve will be found bene- 
ficial where diet and regularity are also observed : 



R Acidi tannici £i. 

Extracti belladonna? 

Extracti opii 

Extracti stramonii 

Extracti -hyoscyami aa grs.xx. 

Acidi carbolici £i. 

Cosniolini..... 3 ii. 

M. ft. unguentum. 

Sign* : Apply two or three times a day to the rectum. 

FISSURE OF THE AXES AND PROLAPSUS AM- FALL- 
ING OF THE RECTUM. 

. I will merely mention these diseases, as they really 
need the careful attention of a good surgeon, if any 
curative measures are resorted to other than what I 
recommend. The symptoms of fissure of the anus 
may be summed up in a few words : Great pain at 
stool, which becomes more severe and prolonged as the 
marked disease advances in severity. The stools may be 
with pus — matter — and blood. Inprolapsus ani — falling 
of the rectum — the bowel comes down when straining 
at stool. This is due to humidity, relaxation or debility 
of the rectum. The bowel must, of course, be re- 
turned at once, which must be done by oiling the 
fingers and pressing it back; then apply a bandage 
with a pad to place over the anus. The following 
salve will be of service : 

R Acidi tannici £x. 

Acidi carbolici.. £i. 

Unguenti zinci oxidi ^ii. 

M. ft. unguentum. 

Signa? : Apply three times a day in both diseases. 






312 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



CYSTITIS. 

Inflammation of the bladder may be either acute or 
chronic, idiopathic, traumatic or secondary. It may 
be due to gonorrhoea, stricture, gravel, blisters of Span- 
ish flies, cold or injury. All of the above causes may 
produce acute cystitis — inflammation of the bladder. 
Acute attacks, when not properly cared for and cured, 
usually become chronic if the patient does not die. 

The symptoms are pain in the bladder, burning in 
the urethra, frequent desire to pass water, and but 
little is passed at a time, and often mixed with 
blood. The patient usually suffers from chills, attended 
with fever, and in severe cases vomiting, delirium and 
cold perspiration. In the chronic cases the symptoms 
are not so marked, and pain only severe at times. 

Treatment. — In acute cases, a tea of flaxseed or slip- 
pery elm bark, given every one or two hours ; if the 
fever is high one or two drops of the tincture of ac- 
onite root should be given every hour in water, and 
small pieces of ice, introduced into the rectum — bowel. 
For pain give one-fourth of a grain of morphine every 
two or three hours, to an adult. Open the bowels 
with castor oil, Rochelle salts or (F. 3). If the urine 
is acid, five to twenty grains of the acetate of potash 
may be given in mint water three or four times a day, 
or (F. 1), which will soothe the stomach and bowels 
and correct the acidity of the urine. Cloths Wrung 
out of warm or cold water, whichever is the most grate- 
ful to the patient, and laid over the abdomen, are also 
beneficial. Injections of starch water containing twenty 
to thirty drops of laudanum, may be given every three 
to six hours, using from one-half to a teacupful at each 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 313 

injection, which should be retained one hour or more 

to be of any benefit. 

DYSENTERY. 

This disease is an inflammation — colitis — of the co- 
lon — large gut — and may be either acute or chronic. 
It may occur in epidemic form or sporadically occa- 
sionally ; it may also be of a bilious, intermittent, ul- 
cerative or tuberculous character. It commences with 
pain in the lower part of the abdomen, soreness and 
tenderness on pressure, and frequent, small and bloody 
stools, with mucus intermingled. There is also great 
tenesmus — straining — with tormina — griping — and all 
acute cases have more or less fever. In malarial dis- 
tricts we usually have the fever, and the dysenteric 
symptoms intermit, as in fever and ague. In long con- 
tinued cases, tubercles or ulceration of the bowels is the 
cause of its protracted ness, and those cases are usually 
fatal. 

Treatment. — If taken at its commencement the treat- 
ment may consist of a tablespoonful of castor oil, or less 
for children, according to age, adding from one to ten 
drops of laudanum, or a dose of Rochelle salts may be 
given. If there is much fever, give one or two drops 
of the tincture of aconite root every hour to an adult. 
If the fever intermits, give quinine every two hours in 
one, two or three-grain doses, or the following pre- 
scription : 

R Quinia? sulphatis ■ grs. xviii. 

Acidi tannici grs. v. 

Tincturae opii camphorata? ....^i. 

Spiritus lavendulae compositi gi. 

Syrupi tolutani .ad. ,^iii. 

M. Signal : A teaspoonful every one or two hours ; to a child one; 
year old five to ten drops every hour. Great care is necessary in 
giving any medicine to young children which contains opium or 
morphine. 



314 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Starch water injections may be administered every 
three or four hours, containing from five to thirty drops 
of laudanum, according to age. Mucilaginous drinks 
of flaxseed, slippery elm, or gum arabic are also good, 
and flaxseed poultices, mustard plasters, or hot cloths 
applied over the abdomen are very grateful, and even 
beneficial. If the abdomen is much swollen, apply 
equal parts of turpentine and lard, thoroughly mixed, 
and cover with a fomentation composed of hops, cham- 
omile flowers and equal parts of vinegar and water, 
and then cover with oiled silk or oiled muslin, to keep 
in the heat. The diet in acnte cases must be light, such 
:as arrow root, sago or corn starch ; and as the patient 
convalesces mutton broth or soup may be given spar- 
ingly. If the case is chronic, cod liver oil .will be of 
service, iirtablespoonful doses, three times each day, 
with good nutritious food. If the patient is very weak, 
he may take a little wine or brandy three times a day, 
egg-nogg, beef tea, winewhey and toast. 

LIVER COMPLAINT. 

Congestion, hepatitis — inflammation of the liver — 
jaundice, cirrhosis — yellow pigment of the liver — 
fatty liver, waxy liver, syphilitic liver, cancer of the 
liver, hydatids, tubercle of the liver, dilatation of the 
gall-bladder, gallstones, hypertrophy — enlargement of 
the liver, atrophy — a morbid diminution in size — are 
all more or less difficult to diagnose correctly, as the 
symptoms of many of the diseases enumerated are 
very similar. I shall only attempt to give you the 
symptoms of congestion and inflammation of the 
liver. In congestion of the liver you will find the 
patient suffering with pain in the right side, usually of 
a dull aching character, with a sense of weight; the 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 315 

skin is usually of a yellow color, as are also the whites 
of the eyes ; nausea, a furred tongue, and a bitter taste 
in the mouth, especially upon arising in the morning ; 
headache and vertigo — dizziness. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists of blue mass in 
two-grain doses on going to bed, for three nights in 
succession ; then follow with one-eighth of a grain of 
podophyllin every six hours till the bowels act freely, 
then give the following : (F. 50), and if in a malarial 
climate (F. 12) ; or the following formula will be 
found serviceable : 

R Acidi nitro-muriatici diluti ^ss. 

Tincturae cinchonae composite ^i. 

Tincturae gentianae composite §iss. 

M. Signae : A teaspoonful before meals in one ounce of water, then 
rinse the mouth with a little water containing some baking soda, 
to prevent injuring the teeth with the acid. 

The symptoms of acute inflammation of the liver 
are much the same as those of congestion, but more 
severe, and attended with fever, vomiting and diarrhoea. 
This disease may also by mistake be called g astro-hepatic 
catarrh. When the capsule of Glisson, or the mem- 
brane of the liver is alone involved — perihepatitis — 
the pain upon pressure is considerable; little or no 
fever, and no jaundiced appearance. When abscess is 
forming in the liver, in addition to the symptoms al- 
ready enumerated, we find the patient suffering with 
rigors — severe chills — every day, with a quick and 
feeble pulse, and rapid loss of flesh. The above are 
the symptoms of acute abscess. In the latent or cold 
form of abscess the symptoms are not so severe or 
marked, and are much more liable to be overlooked, 
even by the physician. 



316 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Treatment. — The treatment in acute cases, when the 
person is full-blooded and usually stout before the at- 
tack, should be begun by applying ten or twelve leeches 
to the side, followed by a blister. Give of (F. 3) one 
every two hours till they act freely, or half an ounce 
of Rochelle salts every three hours till the bowels 
move, then give the following mixture : 

R Tincturae aconiti radicis TTLxxx. 

Tincturae veratri viridis gtt.xx. 

Tincturae digitalis gtt.xxx. 

Tincturae opii deodoratae giii. 

Liquoris ammoniae acetatis §ii. 

Elixir simplicis ad. §iii. 

M. Signse : Give two teaspoonfuls every two hours, or one every 
hour. If vomiting is obstinate put a mustard plaster over the stom- 
ach or (F. 49), or give (F. 1), as directed, to prevent vomiting. 

The body should be sponged off every day, and if 
there is marked periodicity or intermission, give three 
grains of quinine every one or two hours until thirty 
grains are taken, or (F. 12). 

In all the other forms of liver complaint enumerated, 
where treatment can benefit, I would recommend (F. 3) 
one pill every three hours till they act freely ; then 
one every six hours, or the following : 

R Acidi muriatici ^i. 

Extracti podophylli f ^i. 

Extracti leptandrae f ^i. 

Tincturae zingiberis gi. 

Tincturae gentianae composite ^ss. 

M. Signae : Take ten drops in water every three or six hours. 

If the pain is great, blisters will be beneficial. Hyda- 
tids, cancer, yellow atrophy, fatty degeneration, cirrho- 
sis and gallstones, are all incurable and can only be 
palliated. I can, therefore, recommend only such 






LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 317 

treatment as I have prescribed in the foregoing for- 
mula?, with opiates and chloral hydrate to relieve pain. 

CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 

The cause of these diseases is due to cold or to 
cantharides and turpentine taken into the system. 
The symptoms are, pain in the lumbar region ; fre- 
quent desire to urinate with but little passed at a time, 
and frequently containing blood. 

Treatment. — The treatment should be energetic; 
cupping or leeching the lumbar region, followed by 
a warm hip bath, or bottles of hot water, or boiled 
corn, on the ear, applied to the back ; one tablespoon- 
ful of Rochelle salts should be given every three hours 
till it acts, or Parke, Davis & Co.'s cascara cordial, in 
teaspoonful doses every four hours, and drinks of flax- 
seed, slippery elm bark or gum arabic. Ten grains of 
Dover's powder may be given every three or four 
hours to relieve pain and produce copius diaphoresis — 
sweating — and half a teaspoouful of sweet spirits of 
nitre every three or four hours to increase the flow of 
urine. The flow of urine is always diminished in this 
disease, and if not regulated may result in urcemia — 
poisoning from the retention of urea in the blood, 
producing convulsions and loss of vision. It will re- 
quire the same treatment as congestion. 

ACUTE AND CHRONIC NEPHRITIS— BRIGHT'S DISEASE. 

The symptoms of inflammation of the kidneys are 
chilliness, headache, nausea, vomiting, oppression in 
"breathing, pain in the limbs and back, dry skin and fe- 
ver ; general dropsy is soon present, the urine is scanty 
and dark, and contains blood and albumen. 



318 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Treatment. — The treatment is the same as for con- 
gestion just spoken of; the patient should live on 
liquid food. The chronic form may follow an acute 
attack, or come on gradually, following congestion, 
without any acute symptoms ; the person may be af- 
flicted for months before he realizes that he is really 
ailing; dropsy, convulsions, stupor, dizziness and a 
loss of vision, from disease of the retina — retinitis albu- 
menurica — are the leading symptoms. The positive 
proof is to heat the urine in a test tube ; if there is al- 
bumen present it will show itself, on heating, in floccu- 
lent particles ; and if albumen be present you can infer 
the patient has some form of kidney disease. 

Treatment. — The treatment amounts to but little; 
tonics, with the addition of agents to keep up a suffi- 
cient action of the kidneys to prevent poisoning from 
retention of urea, is all that can be of service. The 
following prescription may be given, with advantage : 

R Acidi gallici. gii. 

Acidi sulphurici diluti . gss. 

Tincturae lupuli 5i. 

Infusi lupuli §vi 

M. Signae: A tablespoonful three times a day when the urine 
is smoky. 

One tablespoonful of Rochelle salts should be given 
dissolved in water when needed to open the boAvels, or 
give (F. 34) to keep up a gentle action of the kidneys 
and prevent ursemic poisoning. The following may 
be given and will be beneficial : 

R Potassa? nitratis £ss. 

Tincturae digitalis gi. 

Spiritus juniperi compositi ^iv 

Syrupi simplicis §i. 

Aquae destillata? ad. §iii. 

M. Signa? : A dessertspoonful every two, three or four hours. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 319 

Tincture of iron may be given in doses often drops,, 
diluted in water, three or four times a day. Cod liver 
oil may also be of benefit, when given three times a 
day ; for the dropsical condition of the legs, and even 
the abdomen and chest, warm baths, cathartics and 
diuretics are demanded ; of cream of tartar, one or two 
teaspoonfuls, and of jalap one-third of a teaspoonful, 
taken two or three times a week, or oftener, is beneficial, 
but should never be pushed to excess, as the removal 
of the dropsical effusion is only palliative and never 
aids in overcoming the disease. The food should be 
rich in albumen, such as meats, broths, and especially 
soft boiled eggs. Sweet milk is highly recommended, 
and should be -used in large quantities, from one pint 
to one gallon a day. The clothing should be ample to 
protect from cold and wet. When the disease is well 
advanced the patient is liable to convulsions, and 
should not be permitted to be out alone, or in the 
house where there is an open fire, or coal oil lamps 
lighted. 

GRAYEL. 

This disease is known by small calculous concretions 
which may be voided with the urine. There is usually 
pain in the back, chilliness and fever during or follow- 
ing each attack. When a small gravel — calculus — is 
passing great pain is experienced. Persons afflicted 
with gravel usually suffer more after taking a cold. 

Treatment. — Acetate and citrate of potassium are the 
best to render the urine alkaline ; either one may be 
given in from twenty to thirty grains at a dose in three 
or four ounces of water, every four or six hours. 
Another excellent remedy is fluid extract of hydrangea 
aborescens, commonly known as sevenbarks. This 



320 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

remedy was brought to the notice of the profession by 
the late S. W. Butler, of Philadephia, who wrote an 
excellent essay on its virtues as a remedy for gravel, 
which was published in the New Jersey Medical Re- 
porter, October, 1850. I have used it in several cases 
very satisfactorily, and believe it to be almost a spe- 
cific. It may be given in from ten to twenty-drop 
doses three times a day, but if given to excess it is said 
to produce vertigo— -swimming of and pain in the head. 
Regular stone in the bladder can be removed only by 
a surgical operation, called lithotomy or lithotrity. 

ENURESIS. 

Incontinence, or dribbling of urine, is usually clue 
to paralysis, either of the neck of the bladder or of the 
entire lower extremities. In children it commonly 
occurs at night. 

Treatment. — Opium may be administered in from 
the one-twentieth (^q) to the one-twelfth (y 1 -^) of a 
grain to children eight to ten years old every three or 
six hours ; extract of belladonna is also good, and may 
be given in from the one-twentieth (^q) to the one- 
tenth (-^q) of a grain three times a day. The child 
should not be permitted to drink just before going to 
bed. (See therapeutics, in back of the book.) 

INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 

The first symptoms of inflammation of the brain are 
vertigo, pain in the head, noises in the ears, troubles 
of vision, numbness and difficulty of speech. The dis- 
ease is frequently preceded by an epileptic convulsion ; 
often, for the first few hours, the patient is very sen- 
sitive to noises of any kind, such as talking or slam- 
ming the doors, or anything that will jar the build- 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 321 

ing. There is frequently increased sensibility to 
the touch, with bright flashes or sparks shooting be- 
fore the eyes and great intolerance of light. After a 
few days the hearing and sight become impaired and 
finally paralysis supervenes; the eyes frequently be- 
come crossed and one side of the face often becomes 
contracted. The chances for recovery are few ; most 
patients die under any care or treatment. 

Treatment. — If the disease is recognized at the com- 
mencement, free venesection — bleeding — should be re- 
sorted to, but only in the commencement. Purging 
with (F. 3), Rochelle salts, or citrate of magnesia is 
good ; then keep the bowels open. Tincture of aconite 
root should be given in two or three-drop doses every 
hour, and ten grains of calomel, divided into five pow- 
ders, and one powder given every two or three hours. 
Constant sponging of the head is beneficial, or ice- 
bags or bladders containing ice may be applied. I 
prefer frequent sponging; blisters to the head and 
back of the neck are serviceable as the intensity of the 
disease subsides. The diet should be light at first, but 
as the patient becomes weak the system must be sus- 
tained by the use of stimulants, beef tea, or beef ex- 
tract, and wine, whisky, brandy, egg-nogg or milk 
punch sparingly. 

SCROFULOUS ENCEPHALITIS -TUBERCULAR MENIN- 
GITIS. 

This disease is common to strumous children from 
two to fourteen years, and usually comes on insid- 
iously. The patient complains of headache, is fretful, 
pettish and inclined to lay around, or lay its head in the 
mother's lap, with vomiting, loss of appetite and diar- 
21 



322 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

rhoea, or costiveness ; its sleep is disturbed, and it of- 
ten cries out or gives a squeal, which is often called 
the cerebral squeal. As the disease advances stupor 
or even coma — insensibility — comes on. Those cases 
all die. 

Treatment. — Treatment would seem useless in a 
hopeless disease, but as no physician can at all times 
be sure of the diagnosis, it is better to give the same 
treatment as in inflammation of the brain. Bleeding, 
however, should not be thought of. In protracted 
cases iodide and bromide of potash may be used ; the 
iodine in one-half to one or two-grain doses every 
three or four hours, and the bromide in three to five- 
grain doses every four hours. Beef tea, mutton, or 
chicken broth and milk should be the principal nour- 
ishments. 

Hydrocephalus, or Dropsy of the Brain ; Ramollissement, or 
Softening of the Brain ; Myelitis, or Inflammation of the 
Spinal Marrow ; Softening of the Spinal Marrow and Spinal 
Irritation. 

All of these nervous diseases enumerated are so 
closely allied in symptoms that it would be useless to 
enter into a description of each. In all brain and 
nervous disorders physicians should be employed at 
once, for, even in the most skillful hands, such cases 
usually die. <* 

COUP-DE-SOLEIL-SUNSTROKE. 

This difficulty has two forms of attack ; one, conges- 
tion of the brain from the direct rays of the sun ; the 
other, exhaustion when not exposed to the direct rays 
of the sun. In real sunstroke the patient usually falls 
from his feet without any warning; becoming insensi- 
ble, the face livid — blue ; breathing slow and sterterous — 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 323 

snoring — as in apoplexy ; the head is very hot ; the 
temporal arteries and veins full ; and in severe cases the 
patient often has convulsions \ this is often called heat 
apoplexy. In heatstroke, which is the most common, 
the individual is also stricken down suddenly; there 
is an undue amount of heat in the head, but not com- 
plete unconsciousness, or stertorous breathing. In this 
state the symptoms are more like fainting fits than 
those of sunstroke. This form of disease attacks those 
who work in the shade and feel secure from the dan- 
gers of excessive heat. Persons addicted to the ex- 
cessive use of alcoholic stimulants, or intemperate in 
eating, are more liable to be overcome than the temper- 
ate ; yet even the very temperate may and do suffer. 
Drinking cold water or ice water is also calculated to 
favor it. 

Treatment. — The treatment of heat apoplexy, or sun- 
stroke proper, should be energetic and given at once. 
Apply ice or cold water to the head, to lower the tem- 
perature, or sponge off the entire head and face, not 
stopping a moment, until the head is perfectly cool. 
A little blood may be taken from the arm — from half 
a pint to a pint — if the patient is full-blooded, but if 
ancemic — bloodless — then leeching the nape of the 
neck or cupping, whichever is most convenient, and 
apply mustard plasters to the limbs and feet, and 
along the spine ; keep the head and shoulders raised ; 
administer a brisk cathartic as soon as the patient can 
swallow, (F. 3) or Rochelle salts. Heat exhaustion 
requires stimulating treatment, but no bleeding ; cold 
water to the head or frequent sponging. When the 
patient can swallow, give ten to twenty drops spirits 
of chloroform or aromatic spirits of ammonia every 



324 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LaWS OF 

fifteen minutes. Ammonia may be also carefully ap- 
plied to the nose at intervals until the patient can 
swallow. Mustard should be applied to the spine and 
feet. 

RETENTION OF URINE, OR ISCHURIA AND DYSURIA. 

Retention of the urine — strangury — may be due to 
blisters, from the effect of a dose of opium or morphine, 
paralysis or inflammation of the neck of the bladder 
or urethra, or from spasms; it may also arise from 
congestion or inaction of the kidneys. 

Treatment. — If the bladder is full the water .must be 
drawn off with a catheter, if warm sitz baths or hot 
fomentations will not remove it. If it is due to inac- 
tion of the kidneys, then it is necessary to use diuretics 
to increase the flow of urine. The following will be 
found beneficial in congestion of the kidneys : 

R Potassae acetatis ^ii. 

Tincturae digitalis gii. 

Spiritus aetheris nitrici '.. ^ss. 

Spiritus juniperi §ss. 

Aquae destillatae ^iv. 

Syrupi althaea ad. §vi. 

M. Signae : A tablespoonful every three or four hours. 

Parsely or watermelon seed tea is also good ; bottles 
of hot water should also be applied to the back and 
feet and the patient kept in bed. 

INSOMNIA. 

Inability to sleep the proper amount, or wakeful- 
ness for weeks or months, is due very often to passive 
congestion of the brain, brought about through exces- 
sive mental labor, grief, strong coffee or tea used to 
excess, or the excessive use of alcoholic drinks. This 



TJFE AND HYGIENE. 325 

disease, if allowed to continue for some time, will be- 
come chronic and difficult to cure. 

Treatment. — The treatment should consist of warm 
baths — especially the vapor or Turkish bath. Bro- 
mide of potassium may be given in doses of from ten to 
twenty grains, or the following prescription will be 
found beneficial : 

R Sodii bromidi 

Potassii bromidi aa. ^ii. 

Extracti ergotaj f ^ss. 

Tincture zingiberis 3ii. 

Aqua? destillata* ^ss. 

Syrupi simplicis ad. §iv. 

M. Signa? : Give a dessertspoonful every two or three hours. 

Hydrate of chloral is also very good, and may be 
given in ten to twenty-grain doses to adults every two 
hours. Lactucarium and lupuline may be given, or 
cypripedine and scutellarine, in from three to five 
grains, every two or three hours. 

NIGHT TERRORS. 

This disturbance or fright of children during sleep 
is quite common. Children who have been apparently 
well on going to bed will cry out in terrible fright, 
imagining some terrible fate is about to befall them. 
It is sometimes quite difficult to arouse them fully to 
consciousness, and they may continue in this excited 
state for half an hour or more. This difficulty is 
usually brought about by overeating, or eating food 
difficult of digestion, worms or constipation. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists in bathing the 
children twice or three times a week, wholesome diet, 
(not " healthy diet" as is the custom to speak), being 
careful they do not eat too much. Most children will 



326 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

overload the stomach if permitted to do so. Bathing 
the face with cold water will usually arouse them at 
once. Avoid the cause. A cathartic of castor oil, 
Rochelle . salts or (F. 3), and one or two grains of 
bromide of potassium before going to bed. If there 
is sourness of the stomach, which often disturbs their 
rest, (F. 1) will be found very beneficial. 

APOPLEXY. 

This malady gives its victim but slight warning of 
its approach. The person falls from his feet in a com- 
atose — insensible — condition. Breathing labored, and 
the pupil of one or both eyes dilated; pulse slow; 
head hot, and a fullness of the blood vessels of the 
face and neck. There are perhaps four forms of the 
disease : Congestive, hemorrhagic and by embolism and 
thrombosis. Embolism — plugging up of an artery; 
thrombosis — plugging up of a vein of the brain by a 
blood clot. All forms are mostly fatal, and when re- 
covery takes place it is usually only partial or incom- 
plete. 

Treatment. — The treatment in this disease, when first 
attacked, should be to bleed, carefully watching the 
pulse, and if it becomes stronger and more regular, 
and the breathing improves, take six to ten ounces of 
blood, but if the contrary, stop the blood at once. Give 
a cathartic of Rochelle salts or (F. 3), and the following 
prescription : 

R Sodii bromidi 

Potassii bromidi aa 5jii. 

Extracti ergotae. igss. 

Aquae cinnamoni §ii. 

Syrupi simplicis ^i. 

M. Signa?: Give a dessertspoonful every two hours. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 327 

Mustard may be applied to the legs and along the 
spine, and cups to the back of the neck, and the head 
should be frequently sponged, to keep it cool. In very 
old or debilitated patients bleeding should not be at- 
tempted, as it would only hasten death. 

PARALYSIS. 

This affliction may be local, with only a particular 
nerve paralyzed ; or it may be one-half of the body, 
the entire body, or the extremities, leaving the arms 
and chest sound. This difficulty may be due to a local 
inflammation or a lesion of the brain or spinal cord, such 
as blood clot, embolism — plugging Tip of an artery — 
tumor or softening. 

Treatment. — The same treatment may be pursued as 

in apoplexy. There are many causes of paralysis ; we 

have reflex, diphtheritic, syphilitic, mercurial and local 

paralysis, also shaking and wasting palsy. Then we 

have another type of nervous affliction called locomotor 

ataxia ; in this form the person walks with an unsteady, 

jerking gait, not dragging, as in paralysis proper. This 

disease is due to an altered condition of the spinal cord, 

and is in most instances incurable. Children are also 

afflicted with paralysis ; in all such cases employ a good 

physician at once. 

EPILEPSY. 

This disease is common to both old and young ; the 
attack may be violent, the person falling backward 
on the street. It is frequently called falling fits or 
sickness ; in the milder forms the person may not fall, 
but the ideas become confused, attended with a wild 
expression of the eyes. This disease is difficult to 
cure ; many cases may be cured, especially in young 
people, but very many are incurable. I have treated 



328 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

a few cases that have entirely recovered, but have met 
with many failures. It may continue for years before 
death ensues, and the sufferer may become very silly or 
idiotic. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists of being tem- 
perate in eating and drinking and the avoidance of ex- 
cessive sexual indulgence or self-pollution, which may 
even induce this disease; regularity in bathing and 
sleeping; avoid excitement of all kinds, and never use 
alcoholic stimulants or tobacco. The following pre- 
scription of Dr. Brown-Sequard, of Paris, France, will 
be of benefit in many cases : 

R Potassii iodidi gi. 

Potassii brornidi ^i. 

Ammonii bromidi giiss. 

Potassse bicarbonatis 9ii. 

Infusi calumbse §xvi. 

M. Signse: Mix and give one teaspoonful in water before each 
meal and two teaspoonf uls before going to bed. 

CATALEPSY. 

This disease is due to an ancemic — bloodless — con- 
dition ; it is periodic in its nature, and is attended with 
unconsciousness and a rigid condition of the arms or 
legs, so much so that they will remain in the position 
in which they may be placed. The attack is of short 
duration, and is not amenable to any special treatment. 

Treatment. — Tonics, such as iron and cinchona, are 
beneficial; also, the elixir of calisaya bark and iron 
given in teaspoonful doses every three hours. Dialyzed 
iron, from twenty to thirty drops, three times a day, 
or ten drops of the tincture of iron largely diluted in 
water, three times a day. Fresh air and a proper 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 32£ 

amount of physical exercise, proper clothing and reg- 
ularity of bathing, good nutritious food, properly 
cooked, are essential to a recovery. 

CONVULSIONS. 

The different kinds of convulsions are puerperal, hys- 
terical, epileptic and infantile. The form which every 
family may have to contend with is the infantile form. 
The exciting causes are various : Uraemia, following 
scarlet fever, whooping cough, worms, constipation, 
fever, teething, spinal meningitis, injuries and fright. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists in removing the 
cause when possible. For immediate relief the very 
best treatment is to give from the thirteenth to the six- 
teenth of a grain of apomorphia, according to age, by 
hypodermic injection. This has frequently arrested 
convulsions in patients unable to swallow the medi- 
cine. If it relieves at all it will arrest the convulsions 
in from five to fifteen minutes. Bathing the patient 
in warm water and placing mustard plasters along the 
spine are also good. When the patient can swallow, 
give one to five drops of the tincture of gelseminum 
every half hour or hour, or one or two grains of brom- 
ide of potassium or sodium, dissolved in water, every 
half hour, or the following : 

R Sodii bromidi 

Kalii bromidi aa. £i. 

Tincturas gelsemini gss. 

Aquae cinnamoni ^i. 

Elixir simplicis §L 

M. Signa? : A teaspoon ful every half hour or hour. 
Or the following may be given : 



330 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Bt Chloralis hydratis 3ss. 

Sodii bromidi 31. 

Ammonii bromidi 3ss. 

Tincturse digitalis gtt.xx. 

Tincturse veratri viridis gtt.x. 

Aquae mentha? viridis 3L 

Syrupi simplicis » ^i. 

M. Signse : Give a teaspoonf ul every half hour or hour till easy. 

When the patient has worms, one-eighth (J) of a 
grain of calomel may be given until four powders are 
taken, or the following prescription may be used : 

B Hydrargyri chloridi mitis... grs.i. 

Santonini ., grs.i. 

Sacchari lactis grs.x. 

M. ft. chartulas No.viii. 

Signse: Give one every two or three hours. 

CHOREA— ST. VITUS DANCE— ST. ANTHONY DANCE. 

The Symptoms are irregular movements of the mus- 
cles; when the patient is asleep all irregular move- 
ments of the muscles cease. This disease usually lasts 
about four weeks, but many cases last for months. All 
cases usually recover when there is no complication, 
such as softening of the brain or spinal cord, or endo- 
carditis or pericarditis. Blows upon the head, fright, 
overwork, mental anxiety, falls, and harsh treatment 
may produce it. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists of good diet, 
well cooked; regularity of habits, in sleeping, eat- 
ing and bathing; plenty of air and exercise, but 
not excessive mental or physical labor. Extract of cim- 
icifuga, given in from twenty to thirty drops at a dose 
every three hours, will be found very beneficial ; or 
macrotin, given in grain doses every three or six hours. 






LIFE AND HYGIENE. 331 

Fowler's solution of arsenic is also given, in from one 
to four drops diluted in water, after meals. Where 
complications exist, they must be treated according to 
their character. (See remedies in therapeutics, in the 
back of the book.) 

TETAXUS-TRISMUS-LOCKJAW. 

This disease is known by contraction of the muscles. 
Trismus — lockjaw — is one form of tetanus. When the 
difficulty becomes general, there is often such rigidity 
of the muscles of the back that only the heels and 
head touch the bed, the abdomen projecting, forming 
part of a circle. The nature and pathology of the 
disease is not well understood, and the treatment is 
usually very unsatisfactory. 

Treatment. — The tincture of Calabar bean— physos- 
tigma venenosum — is recommended, and has been given 
in doses from ten to one or two hundred minims. Of 
eighteen cases reported by Dr. E. Watson, ten recov- 
ered through its use. Hypodermic injections of apo- 
morphia are occasionally beneficial for temporary 
relief of the spasm, giving the one-twentieth (-^y) of 
a grain hypodermically every half hour till relieved 
or till three doses are given. When it results from 
injury, cutting into the part and applying hydrate of 
chloral i^ said to be very good ; it may also be given 
internally, in from ten to twenty-grain doses, every 
two or three hours, to adults. Many other remedies 
have been used with variable effect. Almost all 

cases die. 

HYDROPHOBIA. 

This is the result of a wound or bite of a rabid ani- 
mal, usually a dog, but it may be from a cat or other 
animals. 



332 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

Symptoms. — The disease may make its appearance in 
a month after the person is bitten, or the poison ma} 
remain dormant for years. There is great thirst, and 
an inability to swallow when water is offered, angry 
and very violent delirium and inability to sleep. The 
patient often tries to bite, and foams at the mouth. 
Such cases usually die in from four to ten days. 

Treatment. — No treatment is curative. Chloroform- 
ing or hypodermic injections of morphine of from one- 
sixth (-J-) to one-half (J) grain, given every one, two or 
three hours, relieves some, or apomorphia is still bet- 
ter given hypodermically in doses of the one-sixteenth 
(tV) t° * ne one-tenth (-^) of a grain. When bitten by 
a ferocious dog the safest plan is to have the piece cut 
out at once or burn thoroughly with lunar caustic. 
Chloral hydrate may be given in doses from ten (10) 
to twenty (20) grains every two or three hours. The 
superstitious notion that killing the dog will be bene- 
ficial to the sufferer is the worst form of ignorance. 
Killing rabid animals before they have bitten any one 
is the only sensible course. 

HYSTERIA. 

This is a very annoying difficulty and one that often 
tries the patience of the physician and the family. It 
is a morbid neuroses — depression of nerve force — and 
may be due to uterine disorder, excessive venery — giv- 
ing away to the passions — or an accumulation of gas in 
the colon — large gut — which will be relieved as soon 
as the gas escapes. Men may have it, but it is rare ; 
whilst it is common to females. 

Treatment. — The management of this disease will 
often worry the ablest physician, and demands very 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 333 

close investigation to be able to treat successfully. For 
immediate relief hypodermic injections of one-sixth (^) 
of a grain of morphine may be given, or chloral hydrate 
internally in from ten (10) to twenty (20) grain doses, 
or bromide of potassium or bromide of sodium in doses 
of from ten to twenty grains every one, two or three 
hours. Regulate the bowels with Roehelle salts or 
(F. 3). Hoffman's anodyne may also be given in emer- 
gencies in half teaspoonful doses every half hour or 
hour in water. The clothes should be loosened and 
the face bathed in water and ammonia held near the 
nose. Chronic hysteria is still more difficult to man- 
age. If due to womb disease, the services of a good 
gynecologist will be needed to properly treat the 
womb, as many cases will need local treatment, which 
can only be given successfully by a skilled physician. 

NEURALGIA. 

This disease is simply a nerve pain and may attack 
any part of the body. AVhen the face is attacked the af- 
fliction is termed tie douloureux; if the side of the head, 
hemicrania; if the side, pleurodynia; if the stomach, 
gastrodynia ; if the back portion of the hip and extend- 
ing down the back portion of the thigh, sciatica ; if the 
heart, angina pectoris. This disease is probably due to 
an irritation, or an inflammation of a nerve or nerves, 
and may be either acute, sub-acute or chronic, and may 
be due to various causes, such as decayed teeth, cold or 
catarrh of the head, and especially malaria. When in a 
malarial district it invariably assumes an intermittent or 
periodical character, and frequently begins at sunrise 
and disappears at sunset ; when it assumes this type it 
is commonly called sun pain. 

Treatment. — The treatment is usually quinine, with 



334 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

opium or gelseminum. When the teeth are at fault 
have them filled or extracted; and give (F. 5) or the 
following prescription, if there are chills, or if it is 
periodic in its attacks : 

R Quinisesulphatis •••9ii 

Acidi tannici grs. v. 

Tincturse gelsemini 3L 

Tincturse opii deodoratae ^iii. 

Spiritus lavendulae compositi gi. 

Syrupi zingiberis ad §iii. 

M. Signse : A dessertspoonful every two hours. 

The bowels should be opened with (F. 3), or Ro- 
chelle salts may be given in tablespoonful doses, every 
three hours till an action of the bowels is secured, or 
(F. 14). The cascara cordial, manufactured by Parke, 
Davis & Co., is an excellent cathartic and pleasant 
to take. Hot fomentations applied to the part are 
also serviceable. Apply locally (F. 7). Hot foot 
baths are very good ; exposure to cold or wet will in- 
crease or prolong the attack. When the disease is 
chronic or of long standing it requires very different 
treatment. Then (F. 2) should be given after each 
meal, one to four pills at a dose, and (F. 5) one pill 
every three or four hours. An ointment (F. 53) may 
be applied over the face and forehead in tic douloureux — 

facial neuralgia. 

APHASIA. 

" By aphasia is understood a condition produced by 
an affection of the brain by which the idea of lan- 
guage, or its expression, is impaired." (Hammond's 
Diseases of the Nervous System.) Persons thus af- 
flicted are frequently unable to write their names in 
full, but may embody something else with the name. 
It may also occur in hysterical persons where there is 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 335= 

no real brain disease. I treated one case which recov- 
ered at once when I told her that I had to give her 
very powerful shocks of electricity. The next day 
when I called at her house she was able to talk as 
fluently as ever, and has never had a return of it. In 
all such cases I would recommend the employment of 

a phvsician. 

HEMORRHAGES. 

These are simply the result of injury or disease.: 
Hcemaptysis — bleeding from the lungs; hcematemesis — 
vomiting blood from the stomach; epistaxis — bleeding 
from the nose; postpartum hemorrhage — flooding after 
delivery ; Menorrhagia — excessive flow during the men- 
ses ; metorrhagia — flow between regular menstrual pe- 
riods ; hematuria — bleeding from the bladder or kid- 
neys ; intestinal hemorrhage — bleeding from the bowels. 
Hemorrhage from the mouth is frequently due to 
scurvy or diseased gums, or from the nose. Persons 
are frequently frightened, supposing it to be from the 
lungs. Vicarious hemorrhage is the result of sup- 
pressed menses, the flow coming on in the form of 
hemorrhage instead of the natural way. In all bad 
cases send for your physician at once, and do all you 
can to arrest it whilst waiting for his arrival. If 
from the nose, snuff up alum or salt water, and hold 
either alum or salt in substance in the mouth. Bathe 
the head and face in cold water, remain quiet, and 
do not blow the nose; plugging the nose, both be- 
hind and in front may be necessary, but your physi- 
cian must do that with an instrument for that purpose. 
Bleeding from the lungs may be checked by giving 
small doses of salt every fifteen minutes, or small 
pieces of ice may be swallowed or held in the mouth, 
or a half teaspoonful of the fluid extract of ergot every 



336 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

half hour or hour internally, or small doses of ipecac, 
giving two or three grains every half hour or hour. 
Bathe the feet in hot water. In bleeding from the 
stomach, small pieces of ice may be given to swallow 
every five or ten minutes, and a mustard plaster may 
be placed over the stomach and along the spine. Keep 
the patient. from drinking fluids; use hot applications 
for the feet, and give hypodermic injections of Parke, 
Davis & Co.'s liquor ergotse purificatus, dose from five 
to twenty drops, or one-third of a grain of ergotine 
at a dose every two or three hours. The other forms 
of hemorrhage will be spoken of when treating on the 
causes that produce them. 

DROPSY. 

This is not a disease but the result of various dis- 
eases, such as disease of the liver, lungs, kidneys and 
heart. Ovarian dropsy seems to be an independent 
form of this disease. The treatment must be directed 
to the cause. See diseases mentioned. Give (F. 35) 
and tincture of digitalis in two to ten-drop doses every 
three hours; also cathartics and agents to produce 
copious sweating. Always send for your physician in 
case of dropsy, so that you may receive proper treat- 
ment ; and remember, if he calls dropsy a disease you 
can rest assured he does not understand your case, and 
you had better consult a more learned physician. Al- 
ways ask your doctor the cause of your dropsy ; if he 
does not make a careful examination of your chest, 
heart, urine and stools, you can well fear to trust him. 



LIFE AXD HYGIEXE. 337 



ACUTE DISEASES. 



SMALL-POX— VARIOLA. 

Varieties : Discreet and confluent ; also, varioloid, 
modified from the effects of vaccination. The stages 
are incubation, primary fever, eruption, secondary 
fever, and desquamation — scaling off of the scabs. The 
severity of the disease is in proportion to the amount 
of eruption. 

Treatment. — Good nursing and ventilation. Keep 
the bowels open with Rochelle salts or citrate of mag- 
nesia, and the following prescription for fever : 

R Tincture aconiti radicis TT[xxx 

Tinctura? opii deodoratse ^....^ii. 

Tincture digitalis gss. 

Tinctura? gelsemini £ss. 

Liquoris ammonia? acetatis §iii. 

Elixir simplicis. ad. §iv. 

M. Signse: Give to an adult a tablespoonful every two or 
three hours ; to a child one year old six to ten drops, or one-twelfth 
of the dose for a grown person. 

For local application take of the following : Collo- 
dion, five and a half ounces ; glycerine, one-half ounce, 
and of carbolic acid, pure, two teaspoonfuls, shake 
well and apply with a camel's hair brush, and keep the 
surface covered. 

TVHOOPIXG-COUGH— PERTUSSIS. 

This disease usually commences like a cold ; after a 
week of fever and cough, it begins to show its charac- 
22 



338 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ter. The duration of the disease is about six weeks, 
and it is quite fatal to very young children. It usu- 
ally occurs but once in the same person, and is conta- 
gious — catching. 

Treatment. — Keep the bowels open with (F. 3) or 
Rochelle salts, or castor oil, cascara cordial, given from 
ten to twelve drops to a child every two hours, and give 
(F. 4) for the cough. Should the patient have inter- 
mittent fever with it, give to small children the follow- 
ing mixture : 

R Quiniae sulphatis grs.x. 

Acidi tannici.. grs.v. 

Tincturse sanguin arise .* gtt.x. 

Vini ipecacuanha* sji. 

Syrupi tolutani . ad. ^ii, 

M. Signse : Give a teaspoonful to a child ten years old every two 
hours ; to a child one year old, ten drops ; to a babe six months 
old, two to three drops. 

DIPHTHERIA— PUTRID SORE THROAT. 

This is a dangerous disease, and requires the best of 
medical treatment from the first. Parents should send 
for a good physician at once. 

The Symptoms are fever, sore throat, with white or 
gray patches on the tonsils, and a husky voice. Be 
on your guard, parents, when the dreaded malady is 
raging, and when your children are attacked lose no 
time in getting a good physician. The croupous form 
is very fatal to children, and frequently follows scarlet 
fever and measles. 

The Treatment should be of a stimulating and sustain- 
ing nature from the beginning, such as egg-nog, beef 
tea, milk, brandy and water. Use the following : 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 339 

B Potassii chloratis £ii. 

Tincturse aconiti radicis gtt.xxx. 

Tincturse ferri chloridi giii. 

Aquse purse ad. ^ii. 

M. Signse: Put one-third of the above to a glassful of cold 
water, and then use as a gargle every hour, and have the patient 
swallow a small teaspoonful each time. 

In addition give the following : 

R Quinise sulphatis.... 9i 

Acidi lactici 3i. 

Tincturse opii deodoratse gi. 

Tincturse gelsemini gss. 

Syrupi zingiberis ad. §iii. 

M. Signse : Give a small teaspoonful every two hours to a child 
one year old ; to an adult, a tablespoonful every two hours. 

. Keep the bowels open with (F. 3), Rochelle salts or 
cascara cordial, and keep the bedding clean, and all the 
children not attacked in another part of the house, and 
be careful to wash the spoons used in giving the medi- 
cine, and keep them standing in the following solution 
in a glass or teacup: Carbolic acid, one teaspoonful; 
water, one-half pint, thoroughly mixed. 

SCARLET FEYER— SCARLATINA. 

We have three varieties, simplex, anginosa and ma- 
ligna ; the simple, the throat variety, and the malig- 
nant. In the simple form the patient frequently does 
not remain in bed ; the fever is slight and the erup- 
tion well denned ; the throat symptoms are slight or 
none at all. In the anginosa — throat — type the violence 
of the disease seems to fall upon the tonsils; they 
frequently suppurate and discharge large quantities of 
pus — matter — or they are covered with a white, gray 
or brown membrane. After the eruptions disappear. 



340 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

abscesses may form on the neck and exhaust the pa- 
tient. This disease also often passes up the eustachian 
tubes to the tympanum — drum of the ear — and may re- 
sult in deafness. The malignant type is often so vio- 
lent that the patient may die in a few hours. 

& Tincturse aconiti radicis TT^xx. 

Tincturse digitalis gtt.xxx. 

Tincturse belladonse gtt.x. 

Acidi nitro-muriatici diluti gi. 

Syrupi simplicis ^i. 

Aquae cinnamoni ad. ^iii. 

M. Signse : Give a dessertspoonful every one, two or three hours ; 
for a child one year old, five to ten drops. 

Keep the bowels open with Eochelle salts or citrate 
of magnesia. Give the patient plenty of cold water 
to drink, and if the throat swells and the heat is great, 
apply cold wet cloths to the throat ; but if the heat is 
low, warm wet cloths. When the patient shows signs 
of exhaustion, give egg-nogg, whisky punch, beef tea, 
and milk punch, being careful not to give too much at 
a time. Bathe the entire body with tepid water often 
if the heat is high ; when low, with whisky and warm 
water. See that the patient urinates freely ; and if 
not, give parsley root tea freely, or sweet spirits of 
nitre in half teaspoonful doses, every two or three 
hours, to a grown person ; two to three drops to a 
child one year old. 

Treatment. — Dropsy and rheumatism may follow, 
which must be treated by giving the patient vapor 
baths once a day. Pour a wash-boiler full of boil- 
ing water into a tub, then set a split-bottom chair 
in the tub, remove the patient's clothing, put him 
on the chair, with the feet in warm water and a 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 341 

blanket around him. Give cold water to drink; 
bathe the head often, and keep him there till he 
sweats freely; then shower with water warmed to 98°— 
99° F., and rub down well, and afterwards give half a 
teaspoonful of dialyzed iron three times a day. 

INTERMITTENT FEYER— MAXARIAL FEVER— CHILLS— 
FETER AND AGUE. 

In this disease we have three types, viz : Quotidian, 
tertian and quartan — every day, every second and every 
third day ; then we may have the double — two parox- 
ysms each day. The stages are the cold, hot and 
sweating. The cold stage or chill begins with lan- 
guor, yawning and a sensation of coldness, often even 
shaking till the teeth chatter, which is, however, not 
always the case ; chills up the back, finger nails and 
lips blue, skin dusky and shrunken, and the feet and 
legs often feeling numb, or as if asleep. The temper- 
ature of the body is not lower, as most persons would 
imagine, but, on the contrary, usually elevated or 
above the natural heat of the body, which is 98J° in 
health. Headache, thirst, drowsiness, depression of 
spirits, with occasional vomiting, is common. The cold 
stage lasts from a few minutes to two or three hours, 
averaging about half an hour. 

The hot stage now commences, warmth gradually 
returns, the pallor vanishes and the face becomes 
flushed (red), the heat of the body increases, and may 
run from 105° to 110° by thermometer, but seldom 
higher than 108°. The mouth is dry, the tongue 
coated with a yellowish white coat, violent headache, 
vomiting, and frequently convulsions in children. The 
bowels are constipated, skin dry, urine scanty and 
red. This stage may last from one to eighteen hours. 



342 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

The sweating stage comes on gradually, following 
the hot stage. The face first becomes moist, then the 
whole body, the vomiting and headache disappear and 
the patient becomes quiet and goes to sleep. Of the 
three stages one or two may be wanting. When no 
chill is experienced, and the fever and sweating stages 
occur regularly, then it is usually called the dumb 
ague. Intermittent neuralgia frequently occurs in dis- 
tricts where ague is common ; it is often called sun 
pain, coming at sunrise and going at sunset. 

Treatment. — The treatment necessary in such at- 
tacks consists in reducing the fever with one to three- 
drop doses of the tincture of aconite root every half 
hour or hour, or tincture of gelseminum given in from 
one to ten-drop doses every hour till the fever is gone. 
The best plan is to put twenty to forty drops of the 
tincture in a glass, and put in twenty tablespoonfuls of 
cold water, then give a tablespoonful every half hour 
or hour, or give (F. 25). If vomiting is present, with 
great pain in the head, use (F. 1) as directed till vom- 
iting and headache cease, or any of the remedies 
mentioned in Therapeutics (see back of book), to check 
vomiting. 

The remedies to prevent a return of the paroxysm, or 
chill, must now be used. During the intermission use 
(F. 3), or let the patient take a cathartic, to act on the 
liver, one-fourth to one-half grain of podophyllin every 
six hours till it acts. You must also commence at 
once with (F. 2), as directed, or take, . of quinine, 
twenty to thirty grains ; hydrastine, ten grains ; capsi- 
cum, five grains, mix and divide into ten powders or pills, 
and give one every two hours, or (F. 12). The above 
course must be kept up each day until the patient is 
cured. If the patient vomits up the medicine, put J of a 






LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 343 

grain of ipecac in- a glassful of cold water, and give a 
teaspoonful every ten minutes and apply mustard over 
the stomach or (F. 49) ; sponge off the entire body 
once a day, and the face several times during the hot 
stage. 

THE AGUE. 



Once upon an evening bleary, 
While I sat me dreaming, dreary, 
In the sunshine, thinking over 

Things that passed in days of yore, 
"While I nodded, nearly sleeping, 
Gently came a something creeping, 

Creeping upward from the floor. 
"'Tis a cooling breeze," I muttered, 
"From the regions 'neath the floor ; 

Only this, and nothing more." 

Ah ! distinctly I remember — 
It was in that wet September, 
When the earth, and every member 

Of creation that it bore, 
Had for weeks and months been soaking 
In the meanest, most provoking, 
Foggy rain that, without joking, 

We had ever seen before ; 
So I knew it must be very 

Cold and damp beneath the floor — 

Very cold beneath the floor. 

So I sat me, nearly napping, 

In the sunshine, stretching, gaping, 

With a feeling quite delighted 

With the breezes 'neath the door, 
Till I felt me growing colder, 
And the stretching waxing bolder, 
And myself now feeling older, 

Older than I felt before ; 
Feeling that my joints were stiffer 

Than they were in days of yore, 

Stiffer than thev'd been before. 



344 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

All along my back the creeping 
Soon gave place to rustling, leaping; 
As if countless frozen demons 

Had concluded to explore 
All the cavities — the varmints — 
'Twixt me and my nether garments, 

Through my boots into the floor ; 
Then I found myself a-shaking, 

Gently shaking more and more, 

Every moment more and more. 

'Twas the ague ; and it shook me 
Into heavy clothes, and took me 
Shaking to the kitchen, every 

Place where there was warmth in store ; 
Shaking till the china rattled, 
Shaking till the morals battled ; 
Shaking, and with all my warming, 

Feeling colder than before ; 
Shaking till it had exhausted 

All its powers to shake me more, 

Till it could not shake me more. 

Then it rested till the morrow, 
When it came with all the horror 
That it had the face to borrow, 

Shaking, shaking as before. 
And from that day in September — 
Day which I shall long remember — 
It has made diurnal visits, 

Shaking, shaking ; oh, so sore ! 
Shaking off my boots, and shaking 

Me to bed, if nothing more, 

Fully this, if nothing more. 

And to-day, the swallows flitting 
Hound my cottage see me sitting 
Moodily within the sunshine, 

Just inside my silent door, 
Waiting for the ague, seeming 
Like a man forever dreaming; 
And the sunlight on me streaming 

Casts no shadow on the floor, 



LIFE ANU HYGIENE. 345 

For I am too thin and sallow 
To make shadows on the floor, 
Naught of shadow any more. 

— Phrenological Journal. 

BILIOUS— REMITTENT FEVER. 

This is simply another form of malarial fever, and 
requires exactly the same remedies to break it up. It 
does not intermit, but remits; the fever comes and 
goes, but there is no sweating stage, and the patient is 
never entirely free of fever till the disease is broken up 
entirely, which often requires one or two weeks 

Treatment. — The treatment in this type of fever is 
the same as in intermittent, only you must give (F. 12) 
during the time the fever is the mildest, and continue 
aconite all the time, or (F. 25) ; the bowels and liver 
must also be attended to, using (F. 3), and for sick 
stomach or headache (F. 1). The entire body should 
be sponged off once every day with water not too 
cold, and the hands and face several times a day ; this 
will cool off the fever and be refreshing to the pa- 
tient. 

PERNICIOUS FEYER— CONGESTIVE FEVER— CONGEST- 
IVE CHILLS. 

The skin grows pale and shrunken, looks blue and 
is sometimes bathed in a cold, clammy sweat ; the coun- 
tenance looks anxious, vomiting is often a distressing 
attendant, and blood is frequently vomited and passed 
from the bowels with the stool. The patient is 
restless but knows what is going on unless the brain 
is attacked, then there is stupor and at times insensi- 
bility, and convulsions frequently occur. This disease 
is grave in its nature and must be treated energetically 



-346 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

or death will be the result thereof. During the attack 
stimulants must be used, both internally and exter- 
nally ; give the patient good whisky, which can be 
given in teaspoonful doses, when the brain is not im- 
plicated, but if the patient is insensible do not give 
the whisky, but give (F. 37) and rub the entire length 
of the spine with (F. 7), then apply hot bricks or bot- 
tles containing hot water along the spine and to the 
feet. For sick stomach, vomiting and pain use (F. 1) 
and put a mustard plaster over the stomach after first 
applying (F. 7). As soon as the congestion has sub- 
sided give (F. 3) or (F. 14), and in addition invaria- 
bly give three powders of quinine of ten (10) to twenty 
(20) grains each every four hours. Should the par- 
oxysm or chill return the next day the same course 
must be pursued ; if not, continue the quinine or for- 
mulas. 

CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS-SPOTTED FEVER. 

This is a disease of the membranes of the brain 
and spinal cord ; either one may be affected, or both 
may be implicated. " We use the term epidermic cer- 
ebrospinal meningitis to define an acute diffuse inflam- 
mation of the pia mater of the brain and spinal cord, 
with deposit of a fibrino - purulent exudation." — 
Ziemssen's Cyclopaedia, vol. II, p. 687. This disease is 
very fatal. "The mortality will average about 40 per 
cent." — Ziemssen's Cyclopaedia, vol. II, p. 733. 

Many who recover are injured by its ravages. Its 
duration is varied ; it may terminate in death in a few 
hours, or last for days, weeks or months. Those that 
survive the third day, usually recover, but many linger 
for weeks and perish at last. I knew of a babe only nine 
months old stricken down with the disease, near War- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 347 

rington, Hancock county, Ind., who survived three 
months ; it had tonic spasms the entire time, and was 
reduced to a mere shadow and then died. An elder sis- 
ter, aged ten, was stricken down after washing the dishes 
for her mother, after tea, and she died about four o'clock 
the next morning. This disease has been described as 
far back as 1310, in France, and its fatality and charac- 
ter has also been spoken of all over Europe as early as 
1503, and in the United States as early as 1 806. It has 
raged as an epidemic in the United States and many 
parts of the world at different times, whilst sporadic — 
scattered cases — are constantly occurring. The patient 
is usually taken suddenly with a rigor — sudden cold- 
ness or chill — attended with excessive pain in the 
head, spasm of the muscles of the back and limbs, 
usually forming an arch, as in tetanus. The eyes are 
frequently crossed ; there is also hyperesthesia — exces- 
sive sensitiveness — to the touch, for the first few days. 
Nausea and vomiting is also usually present in the 
beginning ; loss of hearing and sight is common after 
the fifth or sixth day. 

Treatment. — The treatment is so unsatisfactory that 
I shall simply give you some suggestions as to the best 
-course to pursue until a physician arrives. When first 
taken it is the congestive stage, and the very best you 
can do is to remove all the clothing, and envelope the 
patient in a blanket, wrung out of hot water, and ap- 
ply quite warm, almost hot, leaving only the head 
bare ; then cover with a dry blanket, and, if in win- 
ter, sufficient clothing to keep the patient warm and 
sweating. A mustard or capsicum plaster may be ap- 
plied along the spine before applying the hot pack, 
permitting it to remain when in the pack. During 



348 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the congestive stage hot wet cloths applied to the head 
as hot as can be borne, is a course much more rational 
and beneficial than cold applications. I have also 
great faith in very stimulating injections into the rec- 
tum, composed of from five to thirty grains of capsi- 
cum, and from five to thirty grains of bromide of am- 
monia ; add one teaspoonful of hot water, steep a few 
minutes and allow to cool to blood heat, 100° Faren- 
heit, and to this add one to two teaspoonfuls of Hoff- 
man's anodyne, and inject into the rectum, and use a 
compress to prevent its escape for ten or fifteen min- 
utes. I would also recommend the injecting of one or 
two grains of ergotine, hypodermically, and adminis- 
ter bromide of potassium as soon as the patient can 
swallow, in doses of from one to twenty grains, every 
two to three hours. 

TYPHUS FEVER— SHIP FEVER. 

This disease is not commonly met with except in 
seaport towns or in camps where soldiers are quartered, 
and on board ships; its premonitory symptoms are 
slight headache, loss of appetite and weakness; the 
cold stage varies in severity and duration ; it is said 
that in rare cases the person attacked never rallies, but 
dies in the cold or congestive stage. The common re- 
sult is a reaction and high fever, ranging from 102° to 
108° Fahrenheit ; after the third day the heat is usually 
105° to 106° in the morning and 106° to 107° in the 
evening, with great muscular debility ; the pulse ranges 
from 110 to 130 and is compressible, delirium, bowels 
costive and tongue cold, white or yellow ; coma — stu- 
por — is common, suppression or retention of urine is 
not infrequent ; hardness of hearing is common in all 
cases ; after a week or ten days the tongue becomes 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 349 

dark or black and fissured — cracked — and the teeth 
covered with sordes — black coat. In the second week 
the body usually becomes covered with a red rash and 
also sudamina — small watery pimples. The pulse is di- 
c rot us — irregular or has a double stroke — accompanied 
by subsultus tendinum — twitching of the muscles. The 
duration of this disease is about three weeks, and the 
most critical period is about the eleventh or twelfth 
day. This is a contagious disease. 

Treatment. — The treatment must be sustaining from 
the commencement; open the bowels with (F. 3) or 
Eochelle salts ; a very pleasant cathartic to the taste, 
also cooling and grateful, is the liquor magnesii citratis 
— solution of the citrate of magnesia — which should be 
kept cold and well corked, and given every half hour 
or hour, giving one-fourth of a tumblerful at a dose. 
Tincture of aconite root should be given every one or 
two hours in doses of from one to three drops, whilst 
the temperature is high, or (F. 25) ; after the third or 
fourth day alcoholic stimulants are usually beneficial, 
and may be indicated from the very commencement, 
because of asthenia — debility — irregularity and feeble- 
ness of the action of the heart, with great muscular 
prostration. Quinine should be given after the first 
ten days in from three to ten-grain doses every day, 
and in malarial localities it may, with propriety, be 
given from the first. Indeed I consider it an essential. 
Beef tea, winewhey and egg-nogg should be given at 
regular intervals in sufficient quantities to sustain, but 
not enough to burden the stomach. Mineral acids are 
also beneficial and grateful (F. 39). The body should 
be sponged every day with whisky and water, the room 
well ventilated, and the floor kept scrupulously clean. 



350 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

If the coma — stupor — is marked, blister the back and 
apply mustard plasters to the feet and legs, and turn 
the patient on the side every day or two to prevent 
hypostatic pneumonia. 

TYPHOID FEVER. 

Typhoid fever is more insidious in its approach than 
any other fever. It commences with lassitude, debil- 
ity, slight headache, anorexia — want of appetite — 
tenderness of the stomach on pressure, bleeding at the 
nose, and frequently a slight cough. After several 
days of indisposition with the above symptoms, the 
patient takes to bed and the fever manifests itself with 
considerable violence. The patient is disposed to sleep 
or doze during the day, with more or less delirium at 
night, attended with wakefulness. As the disease ad- 
vances, the abdomen becomes distended with gas — 
tympanitis. There is tenderness and gurgling on pres- 
sure on the right side, in the vicinity of the ileo- 
cecal valve — -junction of the small and large intestine. 
It is in this locality we have trouble through ulcer- 
ation of Peyer's glands of the ilium — small gut — from 
which we often have hemorrhage and perforation, re- 
sulting in peritonitis — inflammation — of the lining 
membrane of the abdomen, or collapse and death. The 
temperature is quite a guide in this disease when un- 
derstood and properly noticed ; the rise is gradual for 
the first four or five days, never reaching 104° to 105° 
till the evening of the fourth or fifth day. *Pro- 
fessor Hartshorne says: "An attack of disease in 
which on the second day the heat in the axilla is as 
high as 104°, is not typhoid fever; and the same ex- 

*Professor of Hygiene and Diseases of Children in the Woman's Medical 
College of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



351 



elusion applies if from the fourth to the eleventh day 
the temperature falls below 103°." Yet we find many 
medical men (?) of boastful proclivities, speaking of 
having numberless cases of typhoid fever patients 
every season, many of whom were not confined to 
their rooms or absent from business over a week 
or ten days. What shall we say of the ability or 
honesty of such men? Are they ignorant of the 
symptoms of typhoid, or do they make such false state- 
ments to proselyte business from their more honorable 
brethren by misrepresentations — quackery? Lower- 
ing of the temperature at the end of the second week 
to 103° and below, is considered favorable, but a per- 
sistence at 104° to 106° or more indicates great danger. 
Pneumonia may become a complication of this disease, 
which, when present, demands the greatest care on the 
part of the physician and attendants. The question 
is frequently asked, Is typhoid fever contagious? I 
answer, that is a disputed point. I believe it to be 
more or less contagious, and therefore would advise 
caution, with proper ventilation, and the removal of 
carpets from the floor. This disease is not common to 
childhood or old age; usually those between fifteen 
and thirty are attacked, but few ever have it twice. It 
may be known from bilious remittent — malarial — fever 
by there being no vomiting, and from typhus fever by 
the following distinctive points : 



In Typhus. 
Constipation. 

No nose bleed or bronchitis. 
No swelling of the belly. 
Death often in ten days or less. 
Progress moderately slow. 



In Typhoid, 
Diarrhoea. 

Nose bleed and bronchitis. 
Swelling of the belly. 
Death rare before the fourteenth day. 
Progress very slow. 



The difference in duration of temperature of typhus 
and typhoid fevers is pointed out as follows : "In 



352 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

typhus, rarely longer than eighteen days ; in typhoid, 
seldom less than twenty-one days, and often more than 
thirty. In typhus, also, the evening temperature is 
not unfrequently lower than that of the morning ; in 
typhoid, the evening temperature is almost constantly 
higher than that of the morning." Cases called 
" febricula," or " irritative fever " (formerly " syn- 
ochus "), are described by some writers, says Harts- 
horne, and met with once in a while in practice, which 
give a good deal of trouble in diagnosis. Some of 
these, probably most of them, are mild examples of 
typhoid fever. Some may be called walking cases; 
the patient being able to keep out of bed. The aver- 
age death rate is about one in twenty. The perforation 
of the ileum — small gut — makes every case uncertain 
in the prognosis — decision as to recovery. It is a self- 
limited disease, and can not be cut short by any treat- 
ment. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists in the observ- 
ance of good hygienic measures, and in nourishing 
and sustaining with beef tea, milk, egg-nogg, milk 
punch, winewhey, and frequent sponging, to lower the 
temperature, even to the cold sheet pack. Tincture of 
aconite root, or the tincture of veratrum viridi, one to 
two drops in water every two hours; also, liquor 
ammonia acetatis — spiritus mindereri — may be given 
every two or three hours, in tablespoonful doses. 
The bowels should be kept open with Rochelle salts, 
being careful not to give enough to cause looseness, 
which would favor exhaustion and hemorrhage. I am 
well convinced that the old and pernicious habit of 
holding the bowels in check from six to ten days is a 
very unsafe course to jjursue, and should not be prac- 
ticed. For tenderness of the abdomen or tympanites — 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 353 

a swollen or full condition — I would recommend equal 
parts of turpentine and lard, or pure turpentine 
sprinkled on a flannel cloth, .wrung from hot water, 
and applied over the abdomen, which should be fre- 
quently changed. To remove the accumulated gas 
from the colon, I have found great benefit from injec- 
tions into the rectum, containing one, two or three 
ounces of the milk of assafoetida. Most authors have 
no faith in quinine as a remedial agent in this disease, 
but I am confident it is an essential in all malarial dis- 
tricts, and should be used not alone as a tonic, but also 
to prevent or thwart any depressing influence that ma- 
larial poison may produce. I believe there is much 
greater danger of hemorrhage in malarial districts, due 
to the greater torpidity or congested condition of the 
liver (which is common in all malarial localities), result- 
ing in a stasis of the venous circulation ; an engorgement 
of the venous blood by being unable to return from 
the mesentary through the liver as rapidly as it is sent 
to the mesentary circulation through the arteries. It 
will be seen at a glance that in such a passive form 
of congestion, the vessels, implicated by the ulceration 
of Peyer's patches, may yield to the undue pressure 
and distension, and result in hemorrhage, which might 
have been avoided if the proper precaution had been 
observed, of guarding the patient's liver against greater 
torpor or engorgement, by the judicious use of hepatics, 
and the free use of quinine, which I am bold to assert 
is indicated in all cases to a greater or less extent. 
Prof. Liebermeister, of Tuburgin, in Ziemssen, vol. I, p. 
213, says: "Quinine has often been recommended as 
a specific in this disease, but has soon been found in- 
effective and again been dropped. It was first applied 
23 



354 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

as an antipyretic in typhoid fever, and used in proper 
doses, by W. Vogt and afterwards by A. Wachsmuth. 
I myself have used it as an antipyretic since 1858, but 
I never dared to use as large doses as are necessary for 
a powerful antipyretic effect, until after the communi- 
cations of Vogt. Since then I have hardly treated a 
severe case of the fever without quinine. To adults 
I usually give from twenty-two to forty-five grains of 
the sulphate or the muriate of quinia. (I find the ac- 
tion of the two salts in equal doses to be alike.) This 
dose must positively be taken within the space of half art 
hour, or, at the most, an hour" 

Diarrhoea must be corrected by the use of astringents. 
A tea composed of hamamelis virginica — witchhazel, 
and myrica eerifera — bayberry — of each one teaspoonfnl 
to a pint of boiling water; sweeten and drink warm. 
The tea may also be used by injection, and retained as 
long as possible. The fluid extracts of the above 
agents may be used by giving from ten to thirty drops 
of each in water every one, two or three hours, or one 
grain of opium and the one-fourth of a grain of sugar 
of lead may be given in a pill every three hours, for 
three or four doses or (F. 1). The same may be given 

in hemorrhage. 

ERYSIPELAS. 

This disease, frequently called St. Anthony's fire, 
and by the Germans, rose, is an acute fever, often at- 
tended with a red or scalded appearance of the skin, 
and frequently blisters, presenting the appearance of a 
burn from boiling water. The phlegmonous — deep — 
inflammation is attended with swelling, but no blisters 
or little inflammation of the skin. When this disease 
attacks the face or head the patient is often delirious 
for a day or more. 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 355 

Treatment. — The treatment should be energetic to ar- 
rest the inflammation as rapidly as possible, and espe- 
cially to prevent its involving any great amount of 
tissue. Twenty to thirty grains of quinine may be 
given every twenty-four hours, in five-grain doses, and 
thirty or forty drops of tincture of iron every day, 
given in broken doses. For delirium, give ten to 
twenty grains of bromide of potassium every two or 
three hours in water, or the elixir in teaspoonful doses. 
The bowels should be kept open with Eochelle salts, or 
(F. 3), or the following (F. 14), may be given. Lo- 
cally, I would advise the use of equal parts of tincture 
of iron and iodine mixed and applied to the diseased 
part three times each day with a feather or camel's 
hair brush, and then cover the part with a poultice of 
cranberries or flaxseed. Give the patient lemonade to 
drink ; if the kidneys do not act freely give a small 
teaspoonful of sjjiritus cetheris nitrosi — sweet spirits of 
nitre — every two or three hours, or a tablespoonful 
of potassii bitartras — cream of tartar — may be put in a 
glassful of cold water and drank during the day. This 
will act slightly upon the bowels and kidneys. Atten- 
tion to hygienic measures and nourishment are also 
enjoined; gruel and beef tea given at regular intervals 
are as important as medicines. 

CHOLERA. 

There is no disease feared so much as cholera. Dur- 
ing epidemics its ravages have been appalling. In 
1831, Hungary lost one hundred thousand (100,000) 
inhabitants in five months; in 1832, Paris, France, 
lost twenty thousand (20,000) souls in two months, 
from its ravages ; and in the same year New York city 
lost three thousand five hundred and thirteen (3,513) 



356 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

in all. Pages might be written about its ravages in 
cities in all parts of the civilized world, but I do not 
design to give its history. I will now call your at- 
tention merely to its symptoms, which begin often with 
diarrhoea, usually painless and watery, some days be- 
fore its attack ; yet the person attacked may have had 
no diarrhoea previously. Its duration is from one or 
two hours, to one or two days ; in tropical climates 
cases are reported as having perished within ten min- 
utes from the time attacked. There is usually vomit- 
ing, and rice-water discharges from the bowels, with 
pain and cramping in the limbs, and the body gradu- 
ally growing cold, and attended with great prostration. 
If the disease is not checked there is loss of voice and 
pulse, a thin and shrunken skin, difficulty of breath- 
ing and the breath cold, suppression of urine, cold 
sweat, collapse and death. The average duration be- 
fore death is about eighteen hours. Recovery takes 
place in from one to three weeks if they survive. 

Treatment. — The treatment has been so varied that 
but little can be said of its success. I will simply 
give some formulas to be used in emergencies, whilst 
waiting for a physician. The following (F. 36), may be 
given ; hypodermic injections of morphine, using from 
a fourth to half a grain every hour, may be beneficial, 
as the patient can not throw it out by vomiting. Mus- 
tard plasters should be applied along the spine, over 
the stomach, and also the legs and feet, with the addi- 
tion of capsicum. Bottles or jugs containing hot water 
should be put to the feet and along the spine, and the 
patient be well covered, to favor relaxation and sweat- 
ing. My old friend, the late Dr. Benjamin Puckett, of 
Winchester, Indiana, claimed to have aided many to 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 357 

convalescence by immersing them in a large bath tub, 
containing water strongly impregnated with wood lye, 
and having the water as hot as they could bear it. 
This immersion he kept up until the symptoms were 
favorable before removing them. In addition, he gave 
freely of the following: (F. 40). Stimulating treat- 
ment seems to be strongly indicated in this disease, 
with artificial heat and counter-irritants to the spine, 
and, indeed, to the entire body, and also friction. (F. 
55) of Hartshorne is also good. Small pieces of ice 
should be given frequently to arrest vomiting. 

RHEUMATISM. 

There is, perhaps, no disease that man is heir to that 
is so annoying as this malady, from the fact, when it 
has once entered your house and made your acquaint- 
ance, you can not tell how soon it will take its depart- 
ure, and when once bowed out how soon it will return, 
and return it will most assuredly with every favorable 
opportunity. This disease seldom or never proves fatal, 
unless the heart becomes involved, as in rheumatic 
endocarditis, pericarditis or myocarditis — the first being 
an inflammation of the endocardium — lining membrane 
— the second being an inflammation of the pericardium — 
membrane which surrounds the heart — and the third, 
inflammation of the myocardium — muscles of the heart. 
Those diseases have been treated of in my special lec- 
ture on heart disease. Other parts are also liable to 
suffer, as the bronchii in rheumatic bronchitis ; the 
membranes of the brain, as in rheumatic meningitis ; 
the bowels and the womb may also suffer. AVe have, 
besides, gonorrhceal and syphilitic rheumatism, acute 
inflammatory, acute articular and chronic articular 
rheumatism. This disease is supposed by some to be 



358 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

due to lactic acid being in excess in the blood. The 
average duration of the disease under treatment is 
about three weeks, and yet it may last for months and 
even years, and cripple the patient for life. 

Treatment. — The treatment is so varied and very un- 
satisfactory that many doubt the utility of getting any 
benefit from drugs. The late Prof. Samuel Smith, of 
Columbus, Ohio, has said, in substance, in his lectures 
to the medical students of Starling College, that where 
there are so many theories advanced and so many rem- 
edies recommended in a given disease, by so many med- 
ical gentlemen of reputation and standing, you can 
safely conclude that but little is known or understood 
of that disease, either of its pathology or its treatment. 

A celebrated physician was consulted by Mr. M , 

who was suffering with rheumatism. After getting his 
history from the inception of the attack, the doctor 
prescribed for him. After he had passed out upon the 
sidewalk the doctor called him back and requested him 
to return if the remedy proved beneficial, adding that 
he himself had been suffering for some years and would 
be glad to find a remedy which would cure him. Qui- 
nine and salicylic acid meet with favor in the hands of 
many, also salicylate of soda ; colchicum is also looked 
upon with favor, especially in gouty patients ; Dover's 
powders, calomel and opium, lemon juice, propylamin, 
veratrum viridi, and tincture of iron have all had their 
advocates. I have no doubt but that all may have 
seemingly been beneficial. I would recommend a 
thorough treatment of (F. 41 or 42). Bathing is of great 
aid, especially the vapor and Turkish baths; bottles 
of hot water are also very beneficial, or corn boiled on 
the ear and wrapped in flannel cloths and applied along 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 359 

the legs, arms or body. Complications must be treated 
according to their characters. 

GOUT— ARTHRITIS. 

This disorder is constitutional, and no doubt the dia- 
thesis — constitutional tendency — to it is often inherited, 
requiring simply a little indiscretion on the part of the 
person to develop an attack of gout, which disease has 
been a curse to his forefathers. The premonitory symp- 
toms present themselves in the shape of flatulence — sour 
stomach — indigestion, palpitation of the heart, and con- 
stipation, inflammation or swelling of the toes or 
ankles ; the wrists are also frequently implicated. 
These attacks are very painful, and frequently during 
an attack chalky — tophaceous — deposits take place in 
or around the joints involved, resulting in more or less 
permanent crippling of the patient. The duration of 
an attack is usually not over a week, often only a day 
or two. In the chronic form we find the attacks oc- 
curring oftener and of longer duration. "We may 
have a metastasis — translation — of gout from the toe or 
foot to the heart, stomach or bowels. When such oc- 
curs there is great danger to life, and relief must be 
given at once. The urine is scanty and deficient in 
uric acid, but containing a normal amount of urea ; the 
perspiration frequently manifests an excess of uric 
acid and urate of sodium. 

The hereditary form is Usually of a neuralgic and 
wandering character, but frequently of the podagra — 
foot — variety. 

Treatment. — The treatment of gout should be com- 
menced as soon as the first symptoms manifest them- 
selves. Wine of colchicum seed should be given in 



360 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ten to twenty-drop doses every three hours, or the 

compound syrup of rhubarb is beneficial if given three 

or four times a day in tablespoonful doses; also (F. 41 

or 42) will be found beneficial ; steaming the affected 

parts or hot applications will also be found serviceable. 

Cold applications should never be used, as there is 

danger of this disease attacking the heart or stomach. 

Keep the bowels open with (F. 3), and for severe pain 

(F. 1) or (F. 43). 

SCORBUTIS. 

This disease is brought about by living on salt ba- 
con and using no vegetables ; exposure, homesickness, 
and mental anxiety. The symptoms are a spongy con- 
dition of the gums, bleeding to the touch. 

Treatment. — The treatment consists of the free use 
of vegetables — lemons and onions ; medicines are of 
little or no benefito Attention to bathing, and plenty 
of fresh air and exercise are very essential to recovery. 

VARICELLA-CHICKEN-POX. 

This disease resembles small-pox; it is, however, 
much milder, and attended with little or no danger to 
life. . In four or five days after the exposure the erup- 
tion makes its appearance in the form of watery vesi- 
cles — pimples — which, by the second day, are fully 
developed into pearl-colored blisters. In two or three 
days they dry into scabs, and shortly thereafter fall off, 
leaving few if any pits, and but slight discoloration. 

Treatment. — All exposure should be avoided; keep 
the bowels open with Rochelle salts or (F. 3), and give 
an infusion of ginger to promote sweating, or from 
three to five grains of Dover's powder every two, three 
or four hours. If the fever is high and the patient is 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 361 

suffering much pain, give one or two drops of the 
tincture of aconite root every one or two hours till 
free from fever. 

TYPHOOIALARIAL FETER. 

This disease was so named during the civil war, but 
the name has fallen into disrepute, and is now looked 
upon as a misnomer. I am well satisfied that we have 
many cases every season, in malarial localities, of a 
continued type of fever that has marked remissions 
and even paroxysms, with the typhoid tenderness and 
gurgling in the vicinity of the ileo-ccecal valve, or 
lower and right side of the abdomen, with delirium, 
diarrhoea, and a swollen condition of the bowels. This 
type does not properly come under the head of typhoid 
fever, but must be treated energetically, as you would 
treat pernicious fever, by giving plenty of quinine and 
alcoholic stimulants. I could not feel safe in the treat- 
ment of such cases without the free administration of 
quinine, and I am confident that all physicians who 
pursue the expectant course, as is common by many 
in typhoid fever, will lose a large per cent, of their 
cases by death. I would especially urge that such 
patients be kept constantly under the influence of 
quinine, giving from five to thirty grains every twenty- 
four hours, being governed by the urgency of the 
symptoms. One to four drops of the tincture of ac- 
onite root may be given every one, two or three hours ; 
the bowels should be kept open with (F. 3) or E.o- 
chelle salts. Beef tea, winewhey, fresh buttermilk, 
egg-nogg and milk punch should be given every three 
or four hours. AVhen the pulse is weak and rapid, 
good brandy, whisky or wine should be given to sus- 
tain the heart ; also digitalis in doses of from three to 



362 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

five drops every four hours. The body should be" 
sponged off every day, and alcohol or mustard may 
be added to the water to stimulate the skin. 

YELLOW FEVER. 

This disease is one which has baffled the skill of the 
united medical profession and sent horror and gloom 
to thousands of southern homes in the United States, 
as also in all tropical countries. Hundreds of bril- 
liant and noble physicians, members of the priesthood, 
and of the noble and self-sacrificing Christian sisters 
of charity, also ministers of the gospel of all denomi- 
national faiths, and untold thousands of philanthro- 
pists have sacrificed their lives battling against this 
dread destroyer of humanity. 

Symptoms. — It is usually abrupt in its beginning, 
with an occasional slight chill ; the fever is high from 
the commencement, with no remission for two or three 
days; nausea and vomiting occur on the second day 
and are attended with great tenderness of the stomach, 
violent headache, delirium and a flushed face, and eyes 
very red. After the second or third day there is a re- 
mission of the fever, the skin becomes yellow, the 
pulse and breathing are more natural. Convalescence 
may now take place ; if not, the third stage brings 
with it collapse and vomiting of blood, looking like 
coffee grounds. 

Treatment. — The treatment has been so unsatisfac- 
tory that I shall only mention a few remedies : For 
thirst and vomiting, small pieces of ice may be given 
every ten or twenty minutes, or iced mineral water or 
champagne. You may put one-half grain of ipecac in 
a glassful of cold water and give one teaspoonful every 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 363 

ten minutes. Fluids of any kind should be given only 
in teaspoonful doses every ten minutes, half hour or 
hour, as emergencies demand. In the collapsed stage 
wine, brandy and beef tea should be given often, and 
the patient sponged off once or twice each day with 
water containing alcohol and mustard. Convalescents 
need quinine and alcoholic stimulants, such as egg- 
nogg, milk punch, beef tea, winewhey, and nutritious 
soups, as they gain strength. 

RELAPSING FEYER. 

This fever resembles bilious remittent fever, but 
with less abatement and more pain in the limbs. About 
the fifth or sixth day the patient becomes free of fever 
abruptly and may get around ; a relapse usually occurs 
in fourteen days from the attack. The patient may 
then have fever as at first, and it may last from two to 
ten days ; these relapses may occur several times ; death 
is usually sudden. 

Treatment. — The treatment should be cooling. You 
may give a teaspoonful of effervescing citrate of mag- 
nesia in water, adding one, two or three drops of tinc- 
ture of aconite root every one or two hours. If the 
kidneys do not act sufficiently, give tincture of digi- 
talis in doses of five to ten drops every three hours ; 
or one-half teaspoonful doses of sweet spirits of nitre 
may be given every three hours. During the freedom 
from fever quinine should be given in grain doses every 
one or two hours. Keep the bowels open with (F. 3) 
or Rochelle salts. Quinine may be given, when the 
fever is high, in from three to five-grain doses every 
three or four hours ; to arrest vomiting you can refer 
to anv of the anti-emetic remedies in the back of the 






364 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

book, or put one grain of ipecac in a glassful of water 
and give a teaspoonful every ten minutes. 

SYPHILIS. 

Of all diseases known to man syphilis is certainly 
the one to be most dreaded. Every honorable man 
should not only avoid it in all its bearings and insid- 
ious advances, and should so put a check upon his pas- 
sions as to be morally certain that it can never pollute 
his manhood. Syphilitic virus is a blood poison. When 
it has once entered the blood every tissue of the body 
is implicated ; the seeds of premature decay and death 
are sown, which will not stop with the death of its guilty 
victim, but will be transmitted as an acursed heritage 
to his posterity. 

Still worse, the unfortunate wife, who, in her inno- 
cence and purity, pledged herself to become his vic- 
tim through life, must also suffer for the sins of his 
commitment. 

"A man with syphilitic antecedents who contracts 
marriage, may become dangerous to his wife in two 
ways : 1st. By directly transmissible contagious les- 
ions, which may happen to him after marriage; 2d. 
Indirectly through his fecundating power : that is, by 
the procreation of an infant, the infection of which may 
be reflected upon the mother." 

I have just quoted from a lecture delivered by 
Alfred Fournier, at the St. Louis Hospital, Paris, 
France, entitled, " Syphilis by Conception," which 
shows the views and observations of the learned pro- 
fessor and author. I will again quote from the same 
lecture : 

" There is a woman who, on the one hand, has syphi- 
lis, without having presented an initial lesion, and who, 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 365 

on the other hand, has been infected by her husband, 
without the husband presenting any contagious lesion. 
But, then, what is the mystery ? What, then, is this 
mystery? Well, gentlemen, here is the key: That 
the woman became syphilitic in this manner, without 
initial lesion, without chancre, and become syphilitic 
from the contact of a husband, exempt since his mar- 
riage from every contagious lesion — that woman is 
enceinte, and she has received the syphilis by concep- 
tion.^ 

After what you have read on the effects of syphilis 
on the child and also the mother, from such undoubted 
authority as Fournier, you can scarcely question the 
impropriety of the marriage of such persons. It is 
known to be a fact by all physicians, that the children 
procreated by syphilized fathers are seldom carried by 
their mothers the full period of nine months ; when 
females abort every time they are impregnated, it may 
be well to remember that it may be due to the syphil- 
ization of the husband, and no fault of the female 
thus aborting. Syphilis being the result of the social 
evil, or curse, it becomes the duty of every father and 
mother to study how to bring about such a state of 
morals as to protect their sons from the greatest of 
cturses known to man. In its presence the baneful 
effects of the excessive use of alcohol falls into insig- 
nificance ; the low groggery, or dram-shop, with all its 
orgies and midnight brawls, is nothing compared with 
the gilded palaces of sin, with their fascinating and 
abandoned women, and sparkling champagne or ca- 
tawba, dealing out to the young and old, the aristo- 
cratic and wealthy of our land, a poison, which perme- 
ates every tissue, and in its secondary stage causes 
copper-colored eruptions of the skin — eczema syphilit- 



366 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ica — also scabs and ulcers, and in its third stages at- 
tacks the bones and rots them, producing untold agony 
and rheumatic pains at night, the sufferers becoming 
loathsome to their friends and even a burden to them- 
selves. This blood poison is entering into the fami- 
lies of the highest as well as the lowest of the human 
race, and, if not arrested, may become a national ca- 
lamity, as it is now a curse. 

There are two modes of attack, the chancre and 
chancroid; The first being called the Hunterian chan- 
cre, the second the soft chancre. The Hunterian chan- 
cre may commence with a small ulcer, almost imper- 
ceptible, with a hard base and cupped in the center, 
and presenting a steel-gray ap- 
pearance. This form is the infec- 
tious kind. The soft chancre is 
elevated, red, and bleeds easily. 
It frequently sloughs — eats away 
the tissues — and is thought not 
to be infecting by^ many, whilst 
others maintain that the constitu- 
tion may also become affected from 

SYPHILITIC TEETH. fa rj^ ^ a g sumnce man ] iag 

is to avoid all chances of contracting either. Girls, 
avoid marrying men suffering from constitutional syph- 
ilis, if you find such to be the fact. Those. of you, 
young men, who have constitutional syphilis should 
not marry and poison the blood of your wives and 
bring into the world sickly children, who in turn must 
suffer for your own sinning, and even show to the 
world, the sins of the father by their deformed teeth. 

Treatment. — The treatment should be energetic from 
the commencement. For the primary and secondary 





LIFE AND HYGIENE. 367 

treatment, mercury stands at the head. It may be given 
in various ways ; the system should be brought under 
its influence as rapidly as possible. Five grains of 
blue mass may be given three times a day or two grains 
of calomel may be given every six hours, or the patient 
may take the one-sixteenth (y 1 ^) of a grain of corrosive 
sublimate every six hours; either may be given in 
doses as directed (avoiding the use of acids) and con- 
tinue the use of some form of mercury for a week or 
ten days, or till the gums look pale, spongy or doughy, 
then its use should be discontinued for a few days and 
resumed again. The skin should be kept clean by the 
use of warm baths; a proper amount of rest should 
be taken, and alcoholic stimulants discontinued if used. 
Locally, a wash composed of sixty grains of tannic acid, 
ten grains of morphine, one ounce of extract hydras- 
tis, and sufficient rainwater to make six ounces, may 
be used several times a day, bathing the chancres but 
not rubbing them ; and absorbent cotton should be cov- 
ered over the chancres after each cleansing. It is a 
safe plan to burn or cauterize the chancres with caustic, 
potash or acid nitrate of mercury if taken early. When 
using the acid nitrate of mercury it should be neu- 
tralized right after burning the chancre, with the 
bicarbonate of soda. Iodoform sprinkled on the 
chancre once or twice a day is an excellent local ap- 
plication. A salve may also be applied every six. 
hours, composed of carbolic acid, pure, one drachm, 
citrine ointment two drachms, and oxide of zinc 
ointment sufficient to make two ounces. The com- 
pound elixir of corydalis is an excellent vegetable 
alterative and may be given in teaspoonful or table- 
spoonful doses three times a day whilst the mercury is 
being given ; or give (F. 44). In the third stage 



368 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

iodide of potassium is the remedy, but to be of bene- 
fit it must be given in large doses, from ten to sixty 
grains every day. In conclusion, I will say, avoid 
this destructive disease, but if you will become lower 
than animals through vice and infection, apply to a 
good physician and let not a moment escape till you 
are under proper treatment. 

GONORRHCEA-SPECIFIC URETHRITIS. 

This is an inflammation of the urethra in the male 
and of the urethra and vagina in the female, due to a 
specific virus or poison. 

Its symptoms are soreness, redness, pain and swell- 
ing, with a burning pain on passing water and a dis- 
charge of matter ; with the male, chordee or painful 
erections. Walking, cohabiting or drinking alcoholic 
stimulants greatly increases the pain. 

Inflammation of the urethra may be brought on by 
contact with the leucorrhoeal or menstrual discharge. 
Such cases occur and have been the source of serious 
troubles in families, by men accusing their wives — who 
were innocent — of infidelity. Physicians and husbands 
should be careful, lest happy homes be blasted and in- 
nocent women's hearts broken, through hasty conclu- 
sions being formed as to the real cause of such mala- 
dies. I warn all men to be cautions as to how they 
pierce the hearts of their wives by such unjust sus- 
picions or accusations. This disease may manifest 
itself in from twenty-four hours to nine or ten days, 
and its duration is from one to three weeks. A chronic 
inflammation may follow, giving rise to a discharge 
commonly called gleet, which may also result from 
ulcers in the track of the urethra. These, upon heal- 
ing, contract or narrow the channel at given points, 






TJFE AND HYGIENE. 369 

resulting in stricture. When such occurs there is an 
inflammation just back of the stricture, and it con- 
stantly excretes a watery fluid, of a slightly purulent — 
mattery — character, and often result in spermatorrhoea 
and impotency. Such cases can not be cured without the 
aid of a surgeon. Rheumatism may follow gonorrhoea, 
and may be due to some specific influence that the poison 
exerts upon the system. Bubo — inflammation of the in- 
guinal glands — glands of the groin — may attend gon- 
orrhoea, and also orchitis — inflammation of the testicle — 
or epididymitis — inflammation of the sack surrounding 
the testicle. 

Treatment. — The treatment should consist of rest, 
the free use of flaxseed tea internally, and bathing the 
parts freely and often with lukewarm water and perfect 
quiet. As soon as the acute inflammation has subsided, 
injections may be used. Nitrate of silver, one to ten 
grains, in four ounces of water ; another is, sulphate of 
zinc, ten grains ; sulphate of morphine, twenty grains ; 
water, four ounces ; and still another, sugar of lead, five 
grains ; carbolic acid, ten grains ; glycerine, one ounce ; 
water, three ounces. Either of the above solutions 
may be used by injection every three hours. 

Internally. — Give twenty to thirty drops of the fluid 
extract of buchu every three hours, or the same dose 
of uva ursi or (F. 45). Open the bowels with Eochelle 
salts or (F. 3), and avoid alcoholic stimulants. For 
chordee give (F. 51). Females need much stronger 
treatment locally than males, and must pay marked 
attention to the cleansing of the vagina with warm 
water every two or three hours, with the household 
fountain syringe, indispensable cup svringe, or Cham- 
24 



370 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

berl in ? s uterovaginal syringe. Put half a teaspoon- 
ful of sulphate of zinc in a quart of warm rainwater, 
or a strong infusion of green tea, and use with the 
douche every three to six hours, washing out all ac- 
cumulations. The greater cleanliness observed by fe- 
males the more rapid will be their recovery. 

SPERMATORRHEA. 

This means the seminal fluid, and as applied in dis- 
ease means a more or less continual escape of semen, 
which breaks down the nervous system, causing dys- 
pepsia, impotency, pain and weakness in the back, 
spots before the eyes, melancholy and often terminat- 
ing in fits. The cause may be due to stricture, result- 
ing from self-abuse, or vice ; it may also be due to in- 
juries, or exhaustion following great mental or physical 
labor, and from excessive venery. When such a con- 
dition is present, or an individual suspicions such to be 
the case, they should apply to a good physician at once 
who can detect it, if present, by the aid of the micro- 
scope, and which, if due to stricture, may be easily de- 
tected by the introduction of Otis' bougie. When not 
due to stricture, constitutional treatment may be of 
benefit'; when due to stricture, it will require the at- 
tention of a good physician. See (F. 56), also thera- 
peutics on the disease. 

ANGEIOLEUCITIS. 

This malady is an inflammation of a lymphatic ves- 
sel. It may follow a bee-sting, the bite of an animal, 
or a wound of any kind. It may be best distinguished 
from erysipelas, which it frequently accompanies, by 
an elevation or red line along the limb or part impli- 
cated, with tenderness throughout. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 371 

Treatment. — Cooling lotions, as lead wash and cool 
water frequently applied, or the application of iodine, 
followed with cold poultices of flaxseed meal, changing 
as often as they become warm, are also very beneficial. 
Tonics and stimulants are often in demand (F. 12). 
It often assumes a typhoid type of fever, when due to 
poisoned wounds, or from the dissecting knife, or from 
the butcher knife. Opiates are needed to relieve pain. 
One-fourth of a grain of morphine may be given every 
two or three hours. 

THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM. 

These are simply a plugging up of the arteries and 
veins from febrinous clots ; thrombosis being a plug- 
ging up of a vein, resulting from phlebitis — inflamma- 
tion of a vein. Embolism is plugging up of an artery 
by a fibrinous clot, which may result from erysipelas, 
syphilis, intemperance, injury or heart disease. 

The Symptoms are mortification, headache, tinnitus 
aurium — ringing in the ears — 'dilatation of the pupils 
of the eyes, and stupor. 

Treatment. — The treatment is mainly hygienic, fresh 
air, rest, stimulants in moderation, and soothe with 
nervines and opiates, or (F. 43). The food should be 
nourishing and easily digested, and complete freedom 
from excitement. Amputation may often be necessary. 

PYEMIA. 

This is blood poisoning by pus — matter — being car- 
ried into the general circulation through the veins 
from wounds or by a retained placenta, after regular 
delivery or abortion, and occasionally following sur- 
gical operations. Cases are reported where no assign- 



372 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

able cause could be given, there being no wounds or 
other causes just enumerated. 

The Symptoms are prostration, feebleness of the 
pulse and very rapid, chills, low fever, delirium, pains 
in various parts of the body, and swelling of the 
joints. Death usually occurs in a few .days, from ex- 
haustion and devitalization of the blood. 

Treatment. — The treatment should be antiseptic; 
carbolic acid given in grain doses every three or six 
hours, also the hypophosphites of lime, soda and mag- 
nesium may be given. (F. 47.) The bowels should 
be kept open with (F. 3) or Rochelle salts. Quinine 
is also beneficial, (F. 23). Alcoholic stimulants are 
essential ; also egg-nogg, milk punch and winewhey. 

MELASMA SUPRA-RENALIS— ADDISON'S DISEASE. 

A disease of the supra-renal capsules of the kid- 
neys, presenting for its symptoms a bronzed appear- 
ance of the skin, with great anaemia — loss of strength — 
palpitation of the heart, dimness of vision, dyspnoea — 
difficulty of breathing — and frequent vomiting. 

Treatment. — Treatment is of no great benefit. Ton- 
ics, cod liver oil, regularity of habits, both of bathing 
and eating, are about all we know of at this time. 
Future discoveries may reveal to us a curative mode 
of treatment. 

ANEMIA. 

A deficiency of the red corpuscles of the blood, with 
debility and a pale appearance, is what is termed anae- 
mia. The causes are various, as protracted fevers, in- 
jury and hemorrhage, or hemorrhage resulting from 
any cause ; diarrhoea, lcucorrhoea, nursing a child too 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 373 

long, unwholesome and a scanty amount of food, im- 
pure air and malarial poisoning. 

Symptoms. — Palpitation of the heart, pallor, easily 
fatigued, very excitable, heart murmurs and often s^n- 
copal — faint. 

Treatment. — Good nourishing food, regular sleep 

and plenty of it; keep the skin clean by bathing at 

least twice a week, or oftener in hot weather ; avoid 

excitement or hard mental or physical labor, and use 

the following medicines, if agreeable to the stomach : 

Dialyzed iron may be given three times a day in five 

to ten-drop doses ; tincture of iron in ten-drop doses in 

water three times a day ; cod liver oil or the emulsion 

with the hypophosphites should be given three times a 

day, plain or in whisky ; quinine must be given in 

ague districts. 

LEUC0CYTH2EMIA. . 

This is an increase of the white corpuscles of the 
blood and a diminution in amount of red corpuscles, 
with enlarged spleen and liver and a dropsical condi- 
tion of the abdomen, often attended with vomiting, 
diarrhoea and bleeding from the gums. It may result 
from low fevers, cold and exposure. 

Treatment. — The treatment is as yet unsatisfactory, 
no cures ever having resulted under any course of 
treatment. Life may be prolonged by the use of ton- 
ics, such as iron, cinchonia, quinine, and wholesome 
food with good hygienic regulations, fresh air, regular 
bathing and plenty of sleep. 

GOITRE BROXCHOCELE. 

Enlargement — hypertrophy of the thyroid gland of 



374 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

the neck — is frequently met with in this country in a 
mild form, slight enlargement. It seems to be com- 
mon in some parts of the world, and has assumed an 
epidemic form, at times, in the valleys of the Pyrenees, 
Alps and Apennines. It is more common in the moun- 
tainous or hilly portions of the eastern and middle 
States. It is not common in the southern States. It 
is quite common in England, in Surry, Norfolk and 
Derbyshire, and it is often called Derbyshire neck. 

Treatment. — The treatment should be to remove the 
cause by changing climate, good hygienic regulations, 
and the use of tincture of idodine locally. Injection 
of the tincture of iodine into the tumor has also been 
practiced successfully by Luecke, of Berne, and other 
renowned surgeons. It has been removed by emission 
by Hedmus, of Dresden, and Desault, who was the 
first to attempt it. 

SKIN DISEASES. 

There are so many forms of skin disease, and they 
are so very difficult to define, that those not making 
them a specialty, are frequently puzzled to make a 
diagnosis — distinction — of the many forms. The fol- 
lowing embraces the classification as commonly used 
by the profession : Eczema, herpes, crusta lacca, sca- 
bies, pemphigus, rupia, pustulse, tubercula and its follow- 
ing types, viz : Acne, molluscum, lupus, elephantiasis, 
grsecorum, framboesia and keloid. I will not weary 
you with more ; suffice it to say it is much the best to 
apply to a physician when those skin diseases make 
their appearance. 

Treatment. — This depends upon the character of 
the eruptive disease, and I shall only attempt to give 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 375 

you a few hints. Bathing is an essential, prudence of 
diet, and an avoidance of stimulating drinks. For 
scabies — itch — use (F. 54) and bathe regularly every 
night and change under-clothing often. Acne — grubs 
in the face — may be removed with (F. 10) applied 
locally, and by using (F. 30) internally. (See treat- 
ment of various skin diseases in chapter on Therapeu- 
tics, in the back of the book.) 

CARBUNCLE— ANTHRAX. 

This disease is an inflammation of the cellular tissue, 
of a low grade, and often involves a large amount of 
the tissue. It never attacks persons in robust health, 
but those whose systems have let down are the subjects 
of attack. It presents an indurated, reddish blue ap- 
pearance and is doughy to the touch. Its progress is 
slow ; after several days it begins to point in several 
places, showing small yellow elevations, which, when 
opened, discharge a tough yellowish matter. 

Treatment. — This disease being of the asthenic — low — 
type, it is, therefore, of much importance to stimu- 
late, tone and sustain the system from the very com- 
mencement. Tincture of chloride of iron should be 
given every three hours in sufficient water, quinine in 
tonic or grain doses three times a day ; if, however, it 
is in a malarial locality quinine must then be given in 
larger doses, using from ten to thirty grains each day. 
Anodynes to relieve pain (F. 43), or one-fourth grain 
of morphine every three hours, and the bowels kept 
regular with (F. 3) or Rochelle salts. AVhen the pa- 
tient is too weak to eat, give beef tea, egg-nogg, wine- 
whey, milk punch, and, as a cooling drink, lemonade. 
Local treatment is also of importance ; a free crucial 



376 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

incision has been the leading practice for some years. 

I think, however, that it is much better to inject 

iodine or carbolic acid into the carbuncle at different 

points. The iodine may be used full strength, but the 

carbolic acid must be diluted about half or two-thirds 

and then inject ; then in a few days you can lance. 

Poultices should be used from the commencement. It 

often proves fatal, especially when about the face or 

neck. 

RACHITIS. 

Rickets is a disease which manifests itself by a lack 
of earthy matter in the bones, which permits them to 
bend, and is attended with great muscular debility. It 
seems to result from defective nutrition. 

Treatment. — The treatment is mainly hygienic; good 

food, bathing, pure air, and cod liver oil. Dialyzed iron 

may be given in doses of from two to ten drops three 

times a day, and also hypophosphites of lime and soda, 

(F. 47). 

ONYXIS. 

Ingrowing nail is common, especially to the great 
toes. The only radical cure is slitting and removing 
a portion of the nail, after which it may be dressed 
with lead or zinc salve. Corns and bunions may be 
removed with (F. 11) if the remedy is used regularly. 

SCROFULA. 

This is a strumous or tuberculous diathesis, which 
manifests itself frequently by enlargements and inflam- 
mations of the lymphatic glands of the neck and arm- 
pits ; the eyes may suffer as well. It may be heredi- 
tary, the result of poor living, unwholesome diet, liv- 
ing in damp houses, or by too many sleeping in one 
room. It may also be due to a syphilitic taint. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 377 

Treatment. — Tonics and alteratives, fresh air and 
good nutritious food, with frequent bathing, are essen- 
tials; temperance in eating and drinking are very 
important observances. Cod liver oil should be given 
three times daily ; the compound elixir of corydalis 
will be found of benefit if given three times a day in 
teaspoonful doses to adults, and to children in propor- 
tion to the age. Local treatment is of but little bene- 
fit. (F. 46) may be given with good results, and 
iodine ointment applied locally once a day. 

PARONYCHIA— FELON. 

This when superficial is what is usually termed "run 
round," — an inflammation around the root of a nail — 
and is often so severe as to cause the nail to drop off. 
When deep seated it attacks the periosteum — covering 
of the bone — and will terminate in periostitis and 
death of the bone if not properly treated. 

Treatment. — At the very commencement a fly-blister 
may arrest the inflammation, or a part of it. If, how- 
ever, it be deep-seated and the covering of the perios- 
teum — bone — is involved, then early incision down to 
the bone is important. If the blister does not arrest 
it, poultices may then be applied with benefit. Ano- 
dynes should be given internally to relieve pain (F. 
43), and quinine, in ague districts, to prevent chills, 
which frequently follow such a difficulty. 



378 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. 



POTT'S DISEASE— ANGULAR CURYATURE. 

The backward projection of the spine at some given 
point, resulting in what is commonly known as hunch- 
back, is a disease of the vertebrae — bones of the spine — 





Spinal Curvature. 



Geo. Tiemann & Co.'s 
Apparatus for Pott's Cur- 
vature. 



two or more being usually involved. Caries, or rot- 
ting of the body or anterior portion of the vertebrae, 
causes the head and shoulders to drop forward. It is 
a strumous — scrofulous — disease. When the disease 
has progressed to any considerable extent without be- 
ing arrested, abscesses of the back occur, discharging 
pus — matter — either in the vicinity of the disease or 
in the groin, bowels, lungs, or vagina. 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



379 



Treatment. — The treatment is the same as in rickets ; 
fresh air, wholesome food, bathing regular, and occa- 
sionally in salt water. Iron, cod liver oil and quinine 
should be given occasionally; especially should qui- 
nine be given in malarial localities. The diseased ver- 
tebras must be lifted apart if we expect to arrest their 
decay, which can be done by a properly constructed 
spinal apparatus as the above, or plaster of paris jacket. 
I have seen several cases recover under this treatment. 



LATERAL CURYATURE. 

Lateral curvature is usually due to weakness or 
habit, and is seldom a diseased state of the vertebras — 




Geo. Tiemann & Co. 's Apparatus 
for Lateral Curvature. 



spinal bones. Appliances are often beneficial; with 
good food, fresh air and (F. 46) will aid nature. 

MORBUS COXARIUS. 

Hip-joint disease is another form of the strumous — 
scrofulous — diathesis. The head of the femur — shank- 
bone — becomes necrosed — diseased, — and also the ace- 
tabulum — sockets— in which the head of the shank ro- 



380 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



tates. Constitutional tendencies to bone disease exist 
in all such subjects, and develop at any favorable op- 
portunity, as from exposure, a fall, a blow or, perhaps, 
a wrench. 



Treatment. — The constitution must be built up with 
tonics and alteratives taken the same as in the forego- 
ing diseases. The bone must be lifted away from the 

socket by a surgical appli- 
ance ; Prof. Sayer's is consid- 
ered by many the best in use. 
Although there are many oth- 
ers, perhaps, quite as good 
made by the manufacturers 
named, any good physician 
can take the measurement for 
appliances as directed by those 
manufacturers and have good 
instruments made and shipped 
to their patients' homes often 
g at less expense than to make a 
trip to a surgical (?) institution. 
The following course of treat- 
ment will be found beneficial : 
(F. 46) may be given with ad- 
vantage. Quinine in malarial localities is important; 
tincture of iron is also beneficial in ten-drop doses 
three times a day. 

TORTICOLLIS-WRY NECK. 

This deformity is due to a contraction of the cervi- 
cal muscles of either the right or left side of the neck, 
especially the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, or par- 
alysis of the muscles of the right or left side of the 




Davis & Sox's Brace for Hip 
Joint Disease and Paraly 
sis. 



LIFE AXD HYGIENE. 



381 




neck. It is said to be more frequent in the female 
than the male. It may also be due to disease of the 
cervical vertebras — bones of the neck. 

The Treatment consists in tonics and and alteratives, 
with a properly constructed surgical appliance, which 
is essential in all cases. Bitter wine 
of iron may be given in teaspoonful 
doses every two to six hours, or (F. 46), 
with due attention to regulating the 
bowels with (F. 3) or Kochelle salts ; 
or for obstinate constipation, the ex- 
tract of cascara sagrado (Parke, Davis 
& Co.) may be given in from one-half to one teaspoon- 
ful doses, once every day, or oftener if necessary. 
Proper attention to hygiene is also an essential 

BOWED LEGS. 

This deformity can easily be cor- 
rected by the application of a mechan- 
ical appliance, as shown in the cut. 

Parents should not permit a child 
to grow up with any deformity that is 
so easily corrected, or, in fact, that 
can be corrected by appliances, even 
though it may require years to cor- 
rect it. 

This cut shows 

George Tiemann & Co.'s 

Brace for Bowed Legs, Applied. 

ANCHYLOSIS OF THE KNEE OR ELBOW. 

Stiff knee or elbow and crookedness may be over- 
come, in many instances, by first etherizing or chloro- 
forming the patient and then thoroughly breaking up 




382 



THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 



all adhesions, and applying a properly constructed brace, 
as shown by the cuts, kindly furnished by Mr. K. C. 
Davis & Son, manufacturers of all styles of braces for 





Davis & Son's Appliance 
for Stiff Elbow. 

deformities, 29 North Illinois St., 
Indianapolis, Indiana. There are 
many places in the United States 
where deformed or crippled per- 
sons may get surgical appliances 
at reasonable figures, and not be 

R. C. Davis xfe Son's , , -. . . . , , ., 

stiff Knee and hip joint humbugged into paying exnor bit- 
ant prices for poorly constructed 
and improperly fitting instruments. I take pleasure 
in recommending George Tiemann & Co., 67 Chatham 
street, New York, and the Orthopedic Hospital at 
Philadelphia, presided over by able surgeons, and D. 
W. Kolbe' & Son, as machinists. I warn all my readers 
against traveling quacks. Apply to good surgeons or 
physicians, and have your measure taken, and braces 
constructed by reliable manufacturers, as the manu- 
facturers mentioned. 

KNOCK KNEE. 

This is a disgusting deformity, and an inconvenience 
to the sufferer. It is also amenable to treatment; but 
the appliances should be resorted to whilst the child is- 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 



38a 



young. The cut illustrates the mode of applying 
braces for its correction. 




CLUB FOOT. 

The different forms of club foot can all be corrected 




CLUB FEET. 



by the use of the proper appliances, but the treatment 
should be resorted to whilst the patient is quite young. 




Apparatus for Correcting Club Foot. 

No medical treatment is necessary, as it is simply a 
deformity. It is sometimes necessary to cut some of 
the tendons, but as a rule it is a bad practice. 



384 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 






WOUNDS. 

We have incised, lacerated, contused, punctured, gun- 
shot, poisoned and penetrating wounds. They may also 
be superficial or deep, recent or old, simple or com- 
plicated, oblique, transverse or longitudinal. 

The incised wound is one caused by a sharp instru- 
ment ; a lacerated or contused wound is made with a 
blunt instrument; punctured, when the weapon is 
narrow and pointed. A gun-shot wound is, of course, 
one inflicted by a ball; a poisoned wound, is one in- 
flicted by a rabid — mad — dog, a poisonous snake, liz- 
zard, a bee sting, the bite of a fly that has been feasting 
on a carcass, or a cut with a dissecting or butcher's 
knife ; a complicated wound, is where an artery is in- 
jured, attended with hemorrhage, or a fracture of a 
bone, as in compound comminuted fracture, the pres- 
ence of foreign matter, erysipelas, abscess, mortifica- 
tion, pyaemia and tetanus. 

Treatment. — The mode of dressing wounds depends 
upon their character, extent and location. An incised 
wound should be cleansed and hemorrhage arrested by 
ligating — tying — any artery that may be cut, and bring- 
ing the wound together and holding it by interrupted 
sutures — stitches — or adhesive — sticking — plaster. If 
a vessel is wounded and bleeding profusely, a compress 
should be used until a surgeon can be obtained. Take 
a large cork and cover it with a cloth and bind firmly 
over the wound, or if a cork can not be had, puff 
balls may be broken open and bound over the wound, 
applying over the puff ball a roller of muslin ; either 
one must be bound on with considerable pressure. Scalp 
wounds should not be brought together too closely, 



J. .. LIFE AND HYGIENE. 385 

9 

either by adhesive plaster or sutures ; space must be 
left for drainage, or there Avill be burrowing of pus — 
matter. Contused, lacerated and gun-shot wounds are 
usually dressed with cooling, soothing and healing lo- 
tions, as (F. 57-65). Where there is much inflammation, 
cool water dressings, in addition to the medicated lotion 
above referred to, is essential. When suppuration su- 
pervenes, carbolic and oxide of zinc salve make excel- 
lent dressings. Astringent washes are good when 
there is proud flesh — weak granulations. Cauterizing 
— burning — with lunar caustic, is often necessary 
where the granulations grow above the skin. Sulphate 
of copper — blue stone — and aluminum exsiccatum — 
burnt alum— and many lotions, infusions or salves 
might be mentioned. 

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS. 

Fractures and dislocations need only passing men- 
tion, as all such cases should be placed in the hands 
of a good surgeon immediately after the injury is sus- 
tained. Fractures, especially, require close attention 
by a competent surgeon, to avoid deformity as much 
as possible. Deformities are frequently produced by 
meddlesome friends or neighbors, by loosening the 
bandages. Never loosen a bandage, but if it appears nec- 
essary to loosen it, send at once for your physician, as 
he alone should loosen or tighten it, as may be neces- 
sary. Many physicians are sued for malpractice, when 
the patient or friends are at fault. When my patients 
are meddled with, or interfere with the bandages, I re- 
linquish all responsibility. 

25 



386 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

ULCERS. 

An ulcer is an abrasion of the skiii, with more or 
less sloughing of the tissues, and a discharge of pus — 
matter — or an ichorous — thin, irritating — discharge. 
Sir Astley Cooper divides ulcers into healthy, languid, 
inflamed, gangrenous, irritable, sinuous, menstrual, 
varicose, ungual and cutaneous. All the different 
forms of ulcers require specific treatment. 

Treatment. — The treatment of acute ulcers requires 
soothing and anodyne treatment (F. 57 or 58), the in- 
dolent ulcers, caustics and stimulating salves, or liquid 
applications (F. 59, 60, 61), and many need elastic 
stockings, if situated upon the feet or legs. Constitu- 
tional treatment is also important, as the elixir cory- 
dalis compound, or (F. 46). I have also found (F. 
62) to be very beneficial for indolent ulcers situated 
upon the shin or ankles. If there is syphilitic taint 
give (F. 44) internally, and apply (F. 63) locally three 
times a day. Good diet, regularity of bathing and an 
avoidance of all alcoholic stimulants are very essential. 

CANCER. 

This disease is one of the most distressing, and often 
the most disgusting to the sufferer and friends, of any 
man is heir to. There is, perhaps, no disease that en- 
riches the pockets of unscrupulous quacks and impos- 
tors as does this one. After the poor sufferers are 
pronounced incurable by their regular family physi- 
cians, and by all well educated and honorable physi- 
cians whom they may have consulted, they then seek 
as a refuge — what a refuge ! — in the haunts of those 
human vultures, who, like buzzards, feast on the hard- 
earned pennies of their confiding victims. These un- 



LIFE AND HYGIEXE. 387 

oonsciohable quacks and swindlers — whom the law does 
not reach in many states, and our legislators wink at 
the while and say, " Let the people judge for them- 
selves," when honorable and regular physicians at- 
tempt to legislate against them — are yearly extorting 
thousands of dollars from these incurable victims of 
cancer, by the positive assurance of their ability to 
cure them, when all honorable physicians have pro- 
nounced them incurable. As well place two baskets 
of berries before hungry children, the one containing 
the wholesome whortleberry, and the other the like 
tempting (in appearance) belladonna, as to say, " Let 
the people judge for themselves" of a profession 
they can not understand, and as a rule judge simply 
by the personal appearance of the men, the style they 
display and their oily tongues and printers' ink. Many 
fatty and non-malignant tumors are mistaken for can- 
cers, many of which are removed by these ignorant 
pretenders by the use of caustics. Their successes are 
brought about through mistaken diagnoses of the fam- 
ily physician, or an assurance of its innocence or non- 
malignant character, and builds for them reputations by 
which they enrich themselves from the pockets of 
those unfortunate, incurable victims. These pirates 
have large signs posted on the outer walls of their 
dens, reading, " Cancers removed without the use of the 
knife," simply because they dare not attempt to use the 
knife, which is due to their ignorance of the anatomy 
of the parts, and to cater to the fancies of these sufferers, 
who have a horror of surgical operations. I do not be- 
lieve there is a man in America who advertises to cure 
cancers without the use of the knife that has any 
knowledge of surgery or anatomy, or has ever attended 
a medical college or dissected a body — the only means 



388 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LAWS OF 

by which a man can become an anatomist and surgeon — 
and thereby become qualified to use the knife&wd avoid 
arteries or nerves, or ligate arteries when necessary. 

Professor Samuel D. Gross, says, vol. 2, pages 924- 
925 : " But, although an operation may not often ma- 
terially prolong life, may, perhaps, sometimes even do 
harm in hurrying on the fatal issue, there are, never- 
theless, in my judgment, valid reasons for its occa- 
sional performance. No one can doubt that in cases 
strictly exceptional, such, for example, as those pre- 
viously alluded to, extirpation may be followed by the 
happiest results, not only ridding the part of pain, but 
enabling the patient to live in entire comfort for many 
years." 

" Finally, I am not an advocate for removing can- 
cerous breasts with caustics. Independently of the 
cruel pain which attends and follows their application 
there are few cases in which, unless the disease is ex- 
ceedingly limite*d, they do not leave more or less of the 
morbid structures intact, and, consequently, in a con- 
dition for speedy outgrowth. The knife is always a 
more certain remedy, and, in these days of anaesthetics, 
there is no valid reason why it should ever give way 
to escharotics." 

Dr. Monro, of Edinburgh, Gross' Surgery, page 923 : 
" On the other hand, Dr. Monro, of Edinburgh, in 
1742, asserted that he had witnessed nearly sixty cases 
of excision of cancer of the breast, and of these only 
three remained free from the disease at the end of two 
years. Dr. John Macfarlane, in 1838, published the 
results of thirty-two cases that had occurred in his 
own practice, in not one of which the cure was perma- 
nent/' 

Professor Samuel W. Gross believes that cancer is 



LIFE AND HYGIENE. 389 

usually local at the commencement ; and believes if the 
entire breast and pectoral muscles are removed down 
to the cartilages sufficiently early, the patient may en- 
tirely recover. He recommends repeated amputations 
as often as the disease reappears, asserting that it will 
prolong life, when perfect immunity is not achieved. 

My friend J. A. Comingor, M. D., Professor of Sur- 
gery in the Indiana Medical College, believes cancer to 
be often local at the commencement, and sustains S. W. 
Gross' opinion that early, liberal and repeated opera- 
tions will often permanently relieve the sufferer, and 
invariably prolong life, if the operation is performed 
before the system has become too much involved. I 
believe that, as a rule, if any suspicious tumor that 
presents itself were removed at once, many cases of 
cancer would never reappear, and am assured if can- 
cer of the lip — epithelioma — is properly removed, it 
seldom returns. In all the cases I have operated upon 
there is no return of the disease. The worst case of 
epithelial cancer I ever removed was from Mr. John 
A. Handkammer, residing near Alma, AVabannsee 
county, Kansas, who is now seemingly in perfect health. 

It is, perhaps, a safe course to have suspicious tumors 
removed as often as they appear, but invariably with 
the knife, and not torture the patient with caustics. I 
will give you a few of the many caustic remedies and 
their combinations that are used by those charlatans who 
claim to have made some wonderful discoveries, all of 
which they have purloined from the regular works on 
Materia Medica and Therapeutics, either directly or 
indirectly, and then claim them as discoveries of their 
own, or that of some medicine man of some tribe of 
the red men of the forest. (Just whilst penning this I 
am being annoyed by a patent corn remedy vender, who 



390 LIFE AND HYGIENE. 

has the cheek to offer a combination of salicylic acid, 
collodion and extract of cannabis indica as a discovery 
of his own, which was first recommended by a Ger- 
man physician.) This man asserts that medical edu- 
cation and books are of no account, and that most of 
the medical works written by our able physicians and 
investigators are worse than useless, adding that he 
preferred n-a-t-e-r-a-1 d-o-c-t-o-r-s t-o t-h-e c-o-1- 
1-e-g-e e-d-e-c-a-t-e-d u-n-s. Thus you see the Biblical 
injunction of the "blind leading the blind" practiced 
every day and falling into the ditch together. (See 
Remedies in Therapeutics on Cancer). 

HERNIA-RUPTURE. 

This difficulty often destroys life by strangulation 
of the gut. For a number of years the operations for 
cure have been dangerous, and usually attended by 
failure. I am well persuaded, however, by my ex- 
perience in operations by Heaton's method of injec- 
tions, that a very large per cent, of cases can be cured, 
if operated upon properly, and that, too, without dan- 
ger to life. Woods' method is also a good one, but 
attended with some little danger of inflammation. 
Persons having hernia should not despair, but apply 
to a good physician, and try Heaton's or Woods' 
method, and have a radical cure performed. 



FORMULARY. 391 



FORMULARY. 



The following formulas of the author, and of many of the lead- 
ing physicians of the world, are the ones referred to throughout 
the book on the treatment of disease. 

The doses of the remedies which are recommended in this work 
are intended for adults, and therefore in giving them to children, 
the doses will have to be reduced in proportion to age. I will give 
two rules: 

Young's method is very easily remembered. It is to add 12 to 
the age, and divide the age by the result. This is simple and suf- 
ficiently accurate. Example for 2 years — 2^ 2 r2=j- 

Dr. K. O. Cowling has given a very good rule. According to 
this, the dose for a child is obtained by dividing the number of 
the following birthday by 2-1. For example, at 2 years — 2 3 t = s- 

The above rules do not apply to narcotics, as Opium, Morphine, 
Chloral Hydrate, Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Conium, Stramonium, 
or Digitalis. I have seen the one-two-hundredth (2^0) P art °f a 
grain of morphine produce slight narcotic effects when adminis- 
tered every hour to a child one year old. Calomel and Hydrar- 
gyrum Cum Cretce— mercury and chalk — should never be given in- 
discriminately. All such agents should be left to the educated 
physician. I am sure much injury results to children from the 
outrages practiced upon them by ignorant mothers and nurses, by 
dosing them with all kinds of patent nostrums ; especially sooth- 
ing syrups, and almost anything meddlesome neighbors may sug- 
gest. It is a deplorable fact that children are dosed too much, 
and oftener ruined or killed outright than benefited by such reck- 
less dosing. Care not to overfeed and regularity in bathing are 
essentials that all mothers should attend to ; and especially avoid 
cramming them with the abominable chemical foods that are so 
extolled by their manufacturers, and too often recommended by 
physicians. Milk is the natural food for infants, and when the 
mother can not supply it, she should then resort to the milk of a 
young, fresh and healthy cow. I have seen some of these patent 
food compounds contain worms when opened, which careless nurses 



392 FORMULARY. 

or short-sighted mothers might have cooked for their innocent 
babes. Just think of such abominable diet ! 

When you come to a formula marked (F. — ), refer to this depart- 
ment and to the corresponding number, and be very careful that 
the number is the same here as in the one mentioned in the treat- 
ment of the disease you were reading about, that no mistakes may 
occur. 

All these formulas or prescriptions must be compounded — pre- 
pared — by a thoroughly posted prescription druggist and pharma- 
cist; the purity of the drugs or medicines, and the proper com- 
pounding of them, are very important, I have written them in 
the Latin names to compel my readers to apply to a competent 
druggist to have them dispensed. Where such can not be done,. 
you must depend upon the remedies as recommended singly 
throughout the book, or as recommended in the chapter on Ther- 
apeutics. I prefer Parke, Davis & Co 's extracts, as they have al- 
ways given me satisfaction. THE AUTHOR 



NOTICE. — Any of the readers of this book who are unable to 
obtain the remedies prescribed in the treatise of the different dis- 
eases, at their homes, can, by sending to the undersigned, be fur- 
nished with any of the named remedies. I am prepared to fill 
any of the prescriptions which are directed to be used (in the 
quickest possible time), and compounding them of the purest drugs, 
and chemicals. I also keep a stock of a great number of the re- 
cipes on hand. When writing, be very careful to mark the num- 
ber of the formula, the page of the book, and for what disease the 

remedy is recommended. 

GEOEGE F. BOEST, 
Pharmacist and Druggist, 

No. 44-0 South Meridian St., - - - - Indianapolis, Ind, 



Dr. Cunningham's Cholera Mixture. 

(F. !•) R. Syrupi Ehei et Potassii Compositi, Tinctura? Opil 
Camphoratse, aajjiv. M. 

Signa: For Cholera Morbus — Dose for an adult, a teaspoonful 
every fifteen minutes until relieved, then every hour. Cholera In- 
fantum— From five to ten drops every fifteen minutes until relieved. 
Diarrhoza or Dysentery — Dose for an adult, a teaspoonful every two or 
three hours. For a child one year old, five drops every hour or two * 
older children in proportion. In case of vomiting, put one-third 
of a grain of powdered ipecac in a glassful of cold water (ice 



FORMULARY. 393 

water), stir thoroughly, and give a teaspoonful every ten minutes 
until vomiting ceases. 

Dr. Cunningham's Ague Pills. 

(F. 2 a.) R. Cinchoniae Sulphatis, £vi. ^ii; Ferri Ferrocy- 
anidi, ^iiiss; Strychnia Sulphatis, grs.i; Acidi Arseniosi, grs.i; 
Euonymin, £i. grs.vi ; Pulveris Capsici, £i. M. et ft. mas. in pil. 
dccc dividen. 

Signa : Dose for an adult, two to four pills every two hours, ac- 
cording to the strength of the patient ; women require less than 
men. Children ten to fifteen years old, one pill every two hours ; 
four to seven years old, one-half of a pill every two hours. Let 
the patient use lemonade when using the pills. The liver should 
be aroused to action by taking the Liver Pills. 

Dr. C. W. Frisbie's Ague Pills. 

(F. 2 b.) R. Quinise Sulphatis, gi ; Zinci Sulphatis, ^ss; 
Capsici, 9i; Piluhe Hydrargyri, £)i. M. et ft. mas. in pil. lx: 
dividen. 

Signa : Commence three hours before the time the chill is ex- 
pected, and give one pill every hour until six have been taken. 
In the same way take five the next day, and continue taking one 
less each day until twenty-one are taken. Take a few pills on the 
fourteenth and twenty-first days after the commencement. 

Dr. Cunningham's Liver Pills. 

(F, 3.) R. Podophyllin, ^i; Leptandrin, 311 ; Gambogia*, 
3i; Sanguinarinse Xitratis, grs.viii ; Pulveris Capsici, gss ; Ex- 
tracti Belladonna, grs.xv; Extracti Nucis Vomica?, Extracti Hy- 
oscyami, aa. ^ss. M. et ft. mas. in pil. ocxl dividen. 

Signa: Dose for an adult, from one to two pills every six hours 
till they operate. As an alterative for the liver, take one or two 
pills every night before going to bed. For a child fifteen years 
old, one-half to one pill from one to three times a day. For a 
child six years old, one-fourth to one-half a pill. 

Dr. Cunningham's Lung Tonic. 

(F. 4t) R. Pulveris Radicis Polemonii Eeptans, §i ; Pulveris 
Euonymi, 3i; Aquae Fervidse, 5x5 Fiat Infusi, §viii ; Adde 
Sodii Hypophosphitis, £i ; Sanguinarina? Nitratis, grs.iii ; Sac- 
chari Albi, Sviii; Alcoholis, ad. Sxvi. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : Dose for an adult, one teaspoonful every two hours. 
If the cough is troublesome, take a teaspoonful every hour until 
relieved. Fifteen years of age three-quarters of a teaspoonful.. 



394 FORMULARY. 

Ten to twelve years of age, one-half teaspoonful. Seven to ten 
years, twenty drops. Three to five years, eight to ten drops. Un- 
der one year, two to four drops. In chronic bronchitis and con- 
sumption, take from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful every 
two to four hours. If the bowels are costive, regulate with the 
Liver Pills. 

Dr. Cunningham's Neuralgia Pills. 

(jF. 5 a.) R. Quinia? Sulphatis, 9 ii ; Strychnia? Sulphatis, grs. 
i ; Acidi Arseniosi, grs. j ; Gelsemin, grs.ii ; Extracti Aconiti, 
grs.ii ; Extracti Belladonna?, grs.i ; Extracti Conii, grs.viii ; Ex- 
tracti Hyoscyami, grs.vi ; Extracti Opii, grs.v. M. et. ft. mas. 
in pil. xx dividen. 

Signa : Give one pill every two or three hours until relieved. 

Prof. C. E. Brown-Sequard's Neuralgia Pills. 

(F. 5 b.) R. Extracti Belladonna?, grs.x ; Extracti Stra- 
monii, grs.xii; Extracti Cannabis Indica?, grs.xv; Extracti Aco- 
niti, ^i ; Extracti Opii, £ss ; Extracti Hyoscyami, ^ii; Extracti 
Conii, £i ; Pulveris Glycyrrhiza?, q.s. M. et ft. mas. in pil. lx div- 
iden. 

Signa: One pill every three to six hours until relieved. 

Prof. Samuel D. Gross, M. D., Neuralgia Pills. 

{Ft 5 Ct) R. Quinia? Sulphatis, ^ii ; Morphia? Sulphatis, grs. 
i; Strychnia? Sulphatis, grs.f; Acidi Arseniosi, grs.i; Extracti 
Aconiti, grs. x. M. et ft. mas. in pil. xx dividen. 

Signa : One pill to be taken three or four times a day. Add 
t;o the recipe, Ferri Sulphatis, 9ii, if the system is ana?mic. 

Dr. Cunningham's Female Tonic. 

{F. 6,) R. Extracti Cascara? Sagrada?, f. ^iii ; Extracti 
Caulophylli, f.^iii ; Extracti Cimicifuga?, f.^iii; Extracti Hel- 
onias, f.£vi; Extracti Ergota?, f.^iii ; Extracti Viburni Pruni- 
foli, f-3vi ; Elixir Simplicis, ad. ^xvi. M. 

Signa : Take a tablespoonful every three hours for a tonic 
influence on the womb. A very good tonic for all forms of female 
weaknesses. 

Dr. Cunningham's Neuralgia Liniment. 

(.F. 7.) R. Hydratis Chloralis, %i ; Camphora?, 3i; Olei 
Mentha? Piperita?, gss ; Olei Terebinthina*, ^ss; Olei Origani, ad. 
3ii. M. 

Signa : Fse for pain in any part of the body, every three to six 
hours until relieved. 



FORMULARY. 395 

Dr. Cunningham's Catarrh Snuff. 

{F. 8m) R. Pulveris Camphora?, 3"iv ; Pulveris Sanguinarise, 
3ii. M. ft. pulv. 
Signa : Use a little as a snuff every two to four hours. 

Dr. Cunningham's Skin Purifier. 

(Fm 9. ) R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, grs.ii ; Calamine 
Preparata?, £i ; Zinci Oxidi, ^i; Spiritus Myrciae, 3i; Glycerina?, 
5ii ; Aquas Rosse, ad. §vi. M. ft. lotio. 

Signa : Shake well and apply every night on going to bed. 

Dr. Cunningham's Worm Powders. 

(F. 10m) R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, £i ; Santonini, 3"i, 
Resinae Podophylli, grs.v ; Sacchari Lactis, 3iv. M. et divide in 
chartulas l,x. 

Signa: One three times a day, skip one day and then give three 
more, and follow with a dose of castor oil or salts. 
Dr. Gezow's Corn Cure. 

(jF. 11.) R. Acidi Salicylici, 3ii ; Collodii Elastici, giiss; 
Extracti Cannabis Indict, ^i. M. 

Signa : For corns, apply every night with a suitable brush or 
feather over the entire corn, and after three or four applications, 
soak the foot in warm water, pull off the film and repeat as often 
as necessary. For bunions, cut the hard part away and apply the 
same as to a corn. For warts apply morning and night. Every 
second day peel off the film and apply as often as necessary. Keep 
the bottle in a cool place, corked tight, and away from the gas or 
fire. 

{Fm 12m) R. Quinias Sulphatis, ^iss; Acidi Tannici, grs. v; 
Tincturse Gelsemini, gtt. xxx ; Tincture Opii Deodoratae, 3"iii ; 
Tinctura? Veratri Viridis, gtt. v ; Spiritus Lavendulse Compositi, 
3"i ; Syrupi Zingiberis, ad. 3iii. M. ft. mist. 

Signa : From a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful every two (2) 
hours. 

( F. 13.) R. Extracti Pini Canadensis, f. giii. (Parke, Da- 
vis & Co.) 

Signa: A teaspoonful to one pint of lukewarm water and use 
with either of the syringes, three times a day. 

(F. 14.) R. Extracti Cascarae Sagrada?, f. gii. (Parke, Da- 
Tis&Co.) 

Signa : From one-half to one teaspoonful three times a day till 
the bowels act. 



396 FORMULARY. 

(JF. 15.) R. Acidi Chrysophanici, ^i; Acidi Carbolici, £i ; 
Cosniolini, ^ss; Cerati Simplicis, §ss. M. ft. unguentum. 
Signa : Apply once or twice a day. 

(F. 16,) R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, grs. ii; Cala- 
mine Preparatae, 3i; Zinci Oxidi, 3i; Glycerinae, §ii ; Aquae 
Rosae, ad. ,^vi. M. ft. lotio. 

Signa: Shake well and apply every night on going to bed. 

(F. 17,) R- Sulphuris Iodidi, ^ss; Acidi Carbolici, 9i; 
Cosmolini, §i. M. ft. unguentum. 
Signa : Apply once or twice a day. 

(F, 18,) R. Acidi Arseniosi, gr. i ; Sacchari Lactis, 9v. M. 
et divida in chartulas xx. 

Signa : One every two or three hours. 

(F, 19,) R. Chloralis Hydratis, giii ; Potassii Bromidi, giii; 
Tincture Gelsemini, 3ii; Aqua? Destillatse, gss ; Syrupi Acaciae, 
ad. §iv. M. ft. imstura. 

Signa : Dessertspoonful every one or two hours. 

(F, 20,) R. Hydrastin, 9i; Sodii Bi-boratis, £i; Carbonis 
Lignie, gss. M. ft. pulv. 

Signa: Put a small quantity in the mouth every two or three 
hours. 

(F. 21,) R. Syrupi Rhei et Potassii Compositi ^iii. 
Signa: A teaspoonful every hour or two. 

(jP. 22,) R. Extracti Guaranae, f.^ii; Tincturae Aconiti Kad- 
cis, gtt.xx ; Elixir Potassii Bromidi, §i. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A teaspoonful every half hour or hour until relieved. 

(F, 23.) R. Quiniae Sulphatis, ^iss; Acidi Tannici, grs.v * 
Extracti Podophylli, f£i ; Extracti Euonymi, f^ss ; Tincturae Opii 
Deodoratae, giii; Syrupi Simplicis, ad. %vi. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa: From a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful every three 
hours. 

(F, 24,) R. Hydrargyri Iodidi Viridis, ^ss; Cerati Simpli- 
cis, ^ss; Cosmolini, Jiss. M. ft. unguentum. 
Signa : Apply twice a day. 

{F. 25.) R. Tincture Aconiti Radicis, ^ss, Acidi Sulphur- 
ici Diluti, £i; Syrupi Simplicis, §i; Aquae destillatae, ad. 3iii. 
M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every hour. 



FORMULARY. 397 

(F. 26.) R. Vini Ferri Amara?, §iii. 
Signa : A dessertspoonful three times a day. 

{F. 27*) R. Plumbi Acetatis, Jii; Acidi Carbolici, J}i ; 
Tinctura? Opii, §iv ; Aquae Pura?, glxiv. M. ft. lotio. 

Signa : Use freely as a wash and vaginal injection three or 
four times a day. 

(F. 28,) R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, 3ss ; Tincture 
Opii, ^i ; Aqua? Destillata?, £vii. M. ft. lotio. 
Signa : For external use only. 

(F. 29.) R. Lobelia?, ^iii ; Aqua? Fervida?, Oii; Fiat In- 
fusi, Oii ; Adde Sodii Bicarbonatis, gii ; Acidi Carbolici, £iv. 
M. ft. lotio. 

Signa: Bathe the parts three or four times a day and inject 
into the vagina. 

(F,30.) R. Liquoris Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, ^ss. 
Signa: Five to ten drops three times a day, largely diluted 
with water. 

(F. 31.) R. Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitratis, 3ss ; Cosmolini, 
Jiss; Acidi Carbolici, gi. M. ft. unguentum. 

Signa : Apply every three or four hours. 

{F. 32,) R. Acidi Hydrocyanici, £ii ; Plnmbi Acetatis, £i; 
Olei Cacao, §ii. M. 

Signa : Apply three or four times a day. 

(F. 33,) R. Antimonii et Potassii Tartratis, gr.ss ; Tinctura? 
Opii Deodoratae, gii ; Spiritus Chloroformi, £i ; Tinctura? Zingi- 
bers, ^ii; Extracti Asclepiadis Tuberosae, f.^i ; Syrupi Simplicis, 
ad.^ii. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A teaspoonful in water every half hour or hour till 
€asy. 

(F. 34.) R. Potassii Citratis, 3ii ; Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici, 
Jss; Tinctura? Digitalis, ^i; Aqua? Mentha? Viridis, §ii ; Syrupi 
Simplicis, ad.^iii. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every two or three hours. 

(F. 35.) R. Apocynin, Euonymin, aa. 3ss; Elaterii, grs.i; 
Pulveris Capsici, grs.v ; Extracti Nucis Vomica?, grs.v. M. et ft. 
mas. in pil. xx dividen. 

Signa: One every three to six hours till they act. 

(F, 36,) R. Liquoris Ammonia?, 3i ; Spiritus Chloroformi, 
£ii; Tinctura? Camphorae, §ss; Tinctura? Opii Deodoratae, §ss; 



398 FORMULARY. 

Spiritus Lavendula? Compositi, £ii ; Extracti Geranii, ^ss ; Syr- 
upi Zingiberis, ad. ^iv. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa: Small teaspoonful every fifteen minutes to one, two or 
three hours, according to the urgency. 

(F. 37.) R. Spiritus Chloroformi, £ii ; Tinctura? Zingiberis, 
3ss; Aquae Mentha? Piperita?, ^ii; Syrupi Simplicis, ad. §iii. 
M. ft. mistura. 

Signa: A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every one, two or three 
hours, according to the urgency of the case. 

(F. 38.) R. Atropia? Sulphatis, grs.ss ; Acidi Sulphurici 
Aromatici, §ss; Tinctura? Cinchona? Composite, ^ii ; Syrupi Zin- 
giberis, ad.^iv. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa: A teaspoonful every three hours. 

(F. 39.) R. Acidi Sulphurici Diluti, ^ii; Acidi Phosphor- 
ici Diluti, £i ; Aquae Mentha? Piperita?, §ii ; Syrupi Simplicis, ad. 
^iii. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every one to three 
hours. 

(F. 40.) R. Tinctura? Khei, §iv ; Tinctura? Capsici, ^i ; 
Tinctura? Camphora?, §i ; Spiritus Anisi, §i ; Tinctura? Kino, 
gvi ; Spiritus Ammonia? Aromatici, ^i. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : Three to ten drops every ten to thirty minutes. 

(F. 4=1.) R. Sodii Salicylici, giii ; Tinctura? Digitalis, £i ; 
Tinctura? Phytollaca?, 3i ; Tinctura? Cimicifuga?, ^ss; Tinctura? 
Opii Deodorata?, jjiii; Aqua? Mentha? Viridis, ,^ii; Syrupi Sim- 
plicis, ad.^iv. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every two or four hours. 

(F. 42.) R. Acidi Salicylici Effervescentes. (Frye's Gran- 
ular.) 
Signa : One teaspoonful in water every two, three or four hours. 

(F. 43.) R. Chloralis Hydratis, £iii; Potassii Bromidi, ^lii; 
Tinctura? Digitalis, gi ; Tinctura? Phytolacca?, £i; Aqua? Mentha? 
Viridis, §i ; Syrupi Acacia?, ad.^iv. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every one, two or three hours, till 
easy. 

{F. 44.) R. Potassii Iodidi, §ss; Hydrargyri Iodidi Kubri r 
grs.ii ; Aquae Cinnamoni, ^ss. M. ft. solut. 

Signa: Ten drops in a swallow of water after each meal, three 
times a day, increasing one drop each day up to twenty, unless 



FORMULARY. 399 

there are symptoms, as cold in the nose and throat — which may- 
arise from the medicine — and if so, drop back to ten drops. 

(F. 45») R. Potassii Bicarbonatis, gi ; Extracti Uva? Ursi, L 
^i; Extracti Barosma?, f.^i; Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrici, §ss ; Syr- 
upi Acacise, ad. ^iv. M. ft. mistura. 

Signa: A dessertspoonful every three hours. 

{F, 46.) R. Extracti Corydalidis Formosa?, f. §i Extracti 
Kumicis Crispi, f.^i . Extracti Lappa? Majora?, f.^i ; Tinctura? 
Phytolacca?, 3iii ; Syrupi Stillingia? Compositi, ad. §xvi. M. ft. 
mistura. 

Signa: A tablespoonful three times a day. 

(F. 47.) R. Sodii Hypophosphitis, 3ii ; Calcii Hypophos- 
phitis, ^ii ; Tinctura? Nucis Vomica?, £ii ; Tinctura? Cinchona? 
Composita?, ^iii ; Syrupi Stillingia? Compositi, ad.^vi. M. ft. 
mistura. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every three hours. 

(Fm 48.) R. Tinctura? Opii Deodorata?, ^iii ; Tinctura? Ac- 
oniti Kadicis, £ss ; Tinctura? Veratri Viridis, ^ss. M. 

Signa : Ten drops every half hour or hour in water till easy ; 
then every two or three hours. If there is much cough (F. 33) 
will be preferable. 

(F.49.) R. Pulveris Cinnamoni, ^i ; Pulveris Caryophylli,. 
^i; Pulveris Pimenta?, ^i. M. 

Signa : Moisten with warm whisky and put between two cloths 
and lay over the stomach, then pour a tablespoonful of warm 
whisky over the poultice every half hour. This will often relieve 
vomiting when all other remedies fail. 

(F. 50.) R. Extracti Cascara? Sagrada?, f.^iss; Acidi Nitro- 
Muriatici Diluti, 3ii; Syrupi Zingiberis, ^ii ; Tinctura? Cincho- 
na? Composita?, ad.^vi. M. 

Signa : A tablespoonful every three hours in water. 

(F, 51.) R. Tinctura? Opii Camphorata?, §iss; Elixir Po- 
tassii Bromidi, ^iss. M. 

Signa: Dessertspoonful every one, two or three hours until re- 
lieved. 

(F. 52.) R. Quinia? Sulphatis, 3ss; Acidi Tannici, grs.v; 
Tinctura? Opii Deodorata?, gii ; Tinctura? Gelsemini, ^ss ; Spir- 
itus Lavendulae Compositi, £i; Emulsionis Olei Ricini, §ss; 
Emulsionis Olei Terebinthina? (^i-^i), Jji; Emulsionis Olei 
Morrhua?, §i ; Syrupi Zingiberis, ad. ^iii. M. ft, mistura. 



400 FORMULARY. 

Signa: A dessertspoonful every two hours to an adult. To a 
child one year old, five to ten drops. Older children in propor- 
tion. 

(F, 53*) R. Veratriae, J)i ; Cosmolini, §i. M. ft. unguentum. 

Signa: Apply every two or three hours. 

Tilbury Fox, M. D., London. 

(F, 54.) R. Sulphuris, ^ss ; Hydrargyri Ammoniati, grs.iv ; 
Creasoti, gtt.iv ; Olei Anthemides, gtt.x ; Adipis, %i. M. ft. un- 
guentum. 

Signa: This is to be applied .night and morning, and be careful 
to rub on each suspicious-looking pimple. Keep the same under- 
clothing on till the third day, then change and take a warm bath. 

Prof. Henry Hartsliorne 

Hecommends (F. 55) for choleric and cholera diarrhoea: 

(F, 55.) R. Chloroformi, giss; Tincturse Opii, §iss ; Spiritus 

Ammonise Aromatici, Jiss; Tincturse Camphorae, ^iss ; Spiritus 

Vini Gallici, ^ii ; Olei Cinnamoni, tt\,xx. M. 
Signa : Shake well and give a teaspoonful with water every half 

liour or hour until relieved. 

(F, 56.) R. Ferri Bromidi, gii; Potassii Bromidi, §ss; 
Elixir Calisayse, ^vi. M. 

Signa : A dessertspoonful every three hours. 

(F* 57.) R. Acidi Tannici, ^ss; Hydrastin, grs.xv ; Mor- 
phise Sulphatis, grs.vi ; Tincturae Aconiti Radicis, gii ; Glycerinse, 
Jii; Aquae Destillatse, ad. ^\ni. M. 

Signa: Apply every three to six hours to acute ulcers. 

(F.58.) R. Acidi Carbolici, 3ii ; Tincturae Opii, ^iii ; Tinc- 
turse Lobelia?, §ii ; Tincturae Myrrhse, §ii ; Glycerinse, ^ii ; Aqua? 
Destillatse, ad. Oi. M. ft. lotio. 

Signa: Apply to acute ulcers every three to six hours. 

(F. 59*) Tincturse Capsici, ^i; Tincturae Myrrhse, §ii ; Tinc- 
turae Sanguinarise, §ii; Tincturae Cinchonse, ^i ; Acidi Carbolici, 
3i. M. 

Signa : Apply every three to six hours to indolent or chronic 
ulcers. 

{F* 60*) R. Argenti Nitratis, 9 i ; Acidi Carbolici, gi ; Cer- 
ati Simplicis, §i ; Cosmolini, §i. M. ft. unguent. 
Signa: Apply from one to three times a day. 






FORMULARY. 401 

(F. 61,) R. UnguentiZinciOxidi, §i; Cosmolini, §i ; Acidi 
Carbolici, £i. M. ft. unguent. 

Signa: Apply to the ulcer every three to six hours. 

(F. 62,) R. Pulveris Sassafras, ^i; Pulveris Sanguinarise, 
§i; Pulveris Hydrastis, ^i; Pulveris Cinchona?, §i ; Pulveris Car- 
bonis Ligni, ^i. M. 

Signa*. Moisten with water and apply to the naked ulcer, and 
keep moist with whisky and water. 

{F, 63,) I£. Hydrargri Iodidi Viridis, gss ; Cosmolini, §iss 
Cerati Siinplicis, §ss; Acidi Carbolici, gss. M. ft. unguent. 

Signa: Apply every three or six hours. 

Dr. Bright's Recipe for Cancer. 

(F, 64.) R. Zinci Chloridi, ^ii ; Extracti Podophylli, ^iv; 
Santali, q.s. to make it porous. 

Signa : Apply after blistering the surface. This is a very se- 
vere treatment, and one I could not recommend. Bright also 
recomends hypodermic injections of the solution of chloride of 
zinc at different points of the tumor and injecting deep into the 
cancer. After the part is whitish or gray in appearance, it must 
be poulticed until the dead tissue falls out ; then dress as a wound 
or an acute ulcer (F. 57). The extract of clover-heads or sheep- 
sorrel will destroy the tissue ; also Vienna paste. 

(F, 65.) R. Acidi Tannici, £i ; Acidi Carbolici, ^i ; Tinc- 
turae Opii, §ii ; Aquaj, ad. §viii. M. 

Signa : Apply to the wound every one or two hours, and lay a 
piece of lint saturated with the wash over the wound. 

(F* 66.) R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, grs.J ; Sacchari Lactis, 
grs.v. M. 

Signa: Put in a glassful of ice-water and give a teaspoonful 
every ten minutes until vomiting ceases. 

Amenorrhoea Pills. 

(F, 67.) R. Pulveris Aloes Socotrinse, ^ii ; Ferri Sulphatis, 
.^ii; Podophyllin, grs.xii ; Pulveris Capsici, 9ii; Olei Sabime, 
gtt.cxx; Ergotini, 9iv : Extracti Hellebori Nrgri, ^ii. M. et ft. 
mas. in caps, cxx dividen. 

Signa: Take one every three to six hours. This prescription 
will be found valuable for suppression of the menses, especially 
when due to cold, but should never be used when pregnancy is ex- 
pected, as they then might do great and irreparable injury. 

26 



402 THERAPEUTICS. 



THERAPEUTICS. 



Abscesses* — Belladonna, five to ten drops of the tincture every 
one or two hours is often beneficial. Carbolic acid, use one part 
of acid to 32 or 64 parts of water, by injection. Counter -Irrita- 
tation, Blisters or Tincture of Iodine, applied over or around the 
abscess. Ether, as a spray to produce local anaesthesia in open- 
ing an abscess. Iodine, inject the tincture into the cavities of an 
abscess after the emptying thereof. Poidlices, very beneficial to 
assist in opening sooner. The ointment of Belladonna or Opium 
may be applied. 

Acidity of the Stomach, — Acids, before meals, either dilute 
hydrochloric or nitric acid, from three to ten drops, in a swal- 
low of water. Alkalies, for distention of the stomach from gas 
(F. 21), or bicarbonate of soda, three to five grains, in water, but 
it should not be used to excess, so as to injure the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach. Tincture of Nux Vomica, two or three drops, 
before meals, for acidity of the stomach, especially in pregnancy. 

Acne, — Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, from one-half to ten drops, 
according to age, three times a day (in water), after meals. 
Bromide of Potassium, in one to ten-grain doses, but, if continued 
for some time, must be given in combination with Fowler's solu- 
tion, so as to prevent bromic acne. Chrysophanic Acid, is the best 
remedy known to the author (F. 15). Hot sponging, is also use- 
ful. Corrosive Sublimate (F. 10), to be used as a lotion. Iodide of 
Sulphur Ointment (F. 17), may be often used with success. Bathing, 
the face often with hot water, using sulphur soap. 

Ague, — Quinine, in one to ten grain doses every two to six hours, 
(F. 12) which is much better than the pure quinine in all cases 
of intermittent or remittant fever, and especially if the spleen is 
enlarged. Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, in chronic ague in doses from 
one to ten (10) drops three times a day after meals, in water, or 
(F. 18). Soda Hyposulphite, ten to twenty grains in a glass of water 
every three to six hours. Cinchonidia or Cinchonia, one to ten grains 
every two or six hours. Salicylic Acid, is sometimes used as a sub- 
stitute for quinine, and may be given in doses of five to twenty 



THEEAPEUTICS. 403 

grains every two hours. Chinoidine is also beneficial, but it dis- 
agrees with some persons, producing nausea, vomiting and pain. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 

Alcoholism. — Dypsomania. Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, one to 
two drops, for vomiting and a rough and red tongue. Ipecac 
(F. 66), to stop vomiting. Chlor-Anodyne (Parke, Davis & Co.), 
five to twenty drops every half to two or three hours. Tincture 
of Nux Vomica, one to ten drops every three or four hours. Bro- 
mide of Potassium and Chloral (F. 19) should be given so as to 
quiet the patient and induce rest. 

Amenorrhea, — Tincture of Aconite, when menses are suddenly 
checked, one to five drops every one or two hours. Tincture of 
Black Cohosh, when menses are checked, ten to sixty drops every 
three to six hours. Macrotin, one to two grains every three to 
six hours. Bromide of Potassium and Guarana for headache (F. 
22). Tincture of Iron, five to ten drops in water three or four 
times a day for ancemia. Dialyzed Iron, one-half to one teaspoon- 
ful three times a day in water. Hot sitz baths three nights in 
succession and repeated every ten days. Spinal ice bag applied 
to the spine for fifteen or twenty minutes. 

Ancemia. — Bloodlessness. Acid Muriatic, Sulphuric or Nitric, 
dilute, in doses of two to ten drops three times daily in a wine- 
glassful of water. Tincture of Iron, five to ten drops three times 
a day in half a glass of water. Dialyzed Iron, twenty to sixty 
drops three times a day in rain water. Quinine, in malarial dis- 
tricts in doses of two to ten grains three times a day. Bitter 
Wine of Iron. A teaspoonful every three to six hours as a tonic. 
Wine of Beef and Iron. A dessertspoonful three times daily. Elix. 
Calisaya, Iron and Strychnia, teaspoonful of, three times a day. 
Cold sponging once a day. 

Angina /Pectoris. — Pain in the left breast in the region of 
the nipple. Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, five to ten drops three 
times a day in water. Hoffman's Anodyne, teaspoonful every 
half to two or three hours until relieved Spirits chloroform, 
five to en drops every half hour or hour until relieved. Nitrate 
Amyl, five drops on a handkerchief and inhale until relieved ; 
or, still better, take one of Parke, Davis & Co.'s nitrate of amyl 
pearls and break in a handkerchief. Very poisonous, and should 
be used with caution. Nitroglycerin, in doses of one drop of 
the one per cent, solution in whisky every two or three hours. 



404 THERAPEUTICS. 

Anthelmintics— (Worms.)— (F. 9.) One powder three times 
a day before eating, with sugar. Fluid Extract of Spigelia 
and Senna, five to ten drops three times a day. Levant Worm 
Seed, powdered, from five to thirty grains three times a day. 
Wormwood, in powder of five to forty grains three times a day, 
or make an infusion of an ounce to the pint and give from a 
teaspoonful to two tablespoonfuls. 

Aftthw. — (F. 1) as directed. (F. 20.) Put on the tongue every 
three to six hours. Chlorate of Potash, two to five grains every 
three to six hours. Nitric Acid, dilute. Honey and Glycerine, 
equal parts, mixed and applied every two hours. 

Apoplexy. — Bleeding is sometimes very beneficial. Croton Oil 
as a cathartic in doses of one-fourth to one drop made into a pill 
with a crumb of bread. Bromide of Potassium, five to twenty 
grains dissolved in water, given every hour as soon as the patient 
can swallow. Fluid Extract of Ergot (Parke, Davis & Co.), twenty 
drops to a teaspoonful every two or three hours. 

Ascites. — Dropsy of the abdomen. Balsam of Copaiva, ten to 
sixty drops every two or three hours. Elaterium, one-sixteenth 
of a grain every hour until it operates. Tincture of Digitalis, 
when the heart is not seriously implicated, five to fifteen drops 
every three to six hours Tincture of Iron, ten drops three times 
a day in water. Dialyzed Iron, twenty to sixty drops three times 
a day in water. Vapor baths or wet sheet packs. 

Asthma* — Tincture of Aconite Root, when feverish, in doses of 
one to five drops every hour. Quinine in two-grain doses, with 
one drop of oil lobelia every one, two or three hours. Nitrate 
of Amyl by inhalation, five drops on a handkerchief, or one of 
Parke, Davis & Co.'s nitrate ot amyl pearls for immediate relief, 
but it must be used with great caution as it is very poisonous. 
Tincture of Lobelia in half teaspoonful doses with water until the 
point of nausea is reached. 

Barrenness* — Iodide of Potash, five to ten grains three times a 
day, when due to syphilis. But no syphilitic man or woman 
should procreate their kind. When due to flexion of the womb, 
or any form of womb disease, see lectures on female complaints. 

Bed Sores.— Alcohol Use by bathing the skin, diluted with 
water. Tincture of Camphor is also good to prevent bed sores. 
Tincture of Catechu may also be used as a lotion. Poulticing with 
charcoal and yeast. Iodoform may be used to dust on the sores. 
Collodion may also be applied to the wound. Frequent sponging. 



THERAPEUTICS. 405 

Biliousness* — Podophyllum given from one-twelfth to one-fourth 
of a grain once or twice a day. Leptandrin, one to ten grains 
once or twice a day, Euonymine, one to ten grains once or twice 
a day Apocynine, one to ten grains once or twice a day. Blue 
Mass, from five to twenty grains once a day. Calomel, from two 
to twenty grains once a day. 

Bilious Headache — Sick Headache, — Fluid Extract of 
Guarana, one-half to one teaspoonful, every one-half to one hour. 
Elixir of Bromide Potassium, a teaspoonful every one, two or three 
hours. (F. 3) or (F. 14.) 

Bee Stings and Bites of Serpents,— Aqua Ammonia ap- 
plied freely. Free incision for serpent bites, and cauterize with 
Lunar Caustic. Whisky in large doses internally. 

Bladder Diseases. — Balsam of Copaiva, ten to sixty drops 
every three hours. Fluid Extract of Cubebs, from ten to thirty 
drops every three hours. Fluid Extract of Buchu, from ten to sixty 
drops every three hours. Iodoform Suppositories, one to five 
grains in each suppository, and use one every six hours. Hyposul- 
phite of Soda, five to fifteen grains every two hours, to prevent 
putrefaction. Flaxseed, Slippery Elm, or MarshmaUow Teas may be 
also used. 

Boils* — Tincture of Iodine, to be applied once or twice a day, or 
inject hypodermically. Blisters, may be used. Collodion, applied 
once or twice a day. Cauterize with lunar caustic. Poultices. 
Opium, in one-grain doses every one, two or three hours, to re- 
lieve pain, or Morphia, one-fourth grain. 

Bone Diseases, — Cod-Liver Oil, internally. Hypophosphites of 
Lime or Soda in caries — dead bone — from two to five grains two 
or three times a day. Syrup Iodide of Iron, ten to thirty drops 
after meals in a wineglassful of water. Iodide of Potassium, in 
one to five-grain doses. Dialyzed Iron, five to twenty drops three 
times a day in water. Quinine, in malarial districts. Poultices 
and Fomentations to the affected part. 

Brain Diseases— Paralysis,— Bromide of Potassium, for 
passive congestion due to excessive study or close attention to 
business; give two to five grains every two to six hours. Phos- 
phorous, in cerebral softening, one-sixtieth to one-fiftieth of a 
grain three times a day. Phosphoric Acid, dilute, five to thirty 
drops three times a day. Frequent baths and regular rest. 

Breast, Inflammation of, — Belladonna Liniment, use 
three times a day, or a fomentation of hops and belladonna. Ice, 



406 THERAPEUTICS. 

may be applied in the early stages of the disease. Strapping, 
■with adhesive plaster, to prevent the formation of pus, is very 
good. 

Breath, Foul, — Removal of all decayed teeth. Camphor, to be 
used with a dentifrice. Charcoal, use as a tooth-powder, and 
take a teaspoonful internally three times a day. Carbolic Acid, 
diluted, as a mouth wash. 

Bright 9 s Disease, — Acetate of Potassium, ten to twenty grains 
in water, every three hours. Bitartrate of Potassium, a tea- 
spoonful in water, every six hours. Sweet Spirits Nitre, ten 
to forty drops every three hours. Bromide of Potassium, for con- 
vulsions, five to twenty grains, every one or two hours. Tinc- 
ture of Cantharides, one drop every three hours, in sub-acute and 
chronic cases, and to check hemorrhage of the kidneys. Balsam 
of Copaiva, ten to twenty drops, every two or three hours. 
Tincture of Digitalis, five to twenty drops, three times a day. Ela- 
terium, one-sixteenth of a »rain, one, two or three times a day. 
Quinine, in malarial districts. (F. 12.) Warm Baths, for dropsy 
and symptoms of poisoning from the retention of uric acid. 
Turkish Baths, Cod-liver Oil, for debility. Tincture of Iron, ten 
drops three times a day, in water. Dialyzed Iron, twenty to sixty 
drops, three times a day. 

Bronchitis* — Ammonia Muriate, two to ten grains, every two or 
three hours, to lessen excessive expectoration. Tincture of Ac- 
onite Boot, in acute cases, one to three drops every hour. Quinine, 
in malarial districts, two to ten grains every two or three hours. 
(F. 12) and (F. 4) for cough. Balsam Peru, five to twenty drops 
on sugar, every three hours in chronic cases. Iodine Liniment, ap- 
plied over the breast to lessen cough and expectoration in chronic 
bronchial catarrh. Opiates, when the cough is very troublesome. 

Bronchocele — Goitre. — Tincture of Iodine or ointment applied 
locally once or twice a day. Iodide of Potassium, internally, one 
to five grains, three times a day. 

Bruises, — Tincture of Capsicum, to prevent discoloration or to re- 
move it. Sulphurous Acid, used as a lotion, applied every hour. 

Bubo*— Tincture of Iodine, by injection hypodermically, or pure 
Carbolic Acid; local application of (F. 24). Poultices are very 
beneficial. 

Burns* — Collodion, painted over immediately, gives relief. Bi- 
carb. Soda, moistened and applied. Linsezd Oil and Lime-water, 
equal parts — Carron Oil — is an excellent thing. Opium, to re- 



THERAPEUTICS. 407 

lieve pain, one-sixtieth to one-twentieth of a grain for a child 
one year old, and one grain to an adult, every one, two or three 
hours until relieved. Cotton, covered with lime-water liniment, 
to be used to wrap around the burnt part, so as to prevent the 
access of air. 

Calculi — Stone of the Bladder. — Citrate of Potassium, ten to 
twenty grains every three or four hours, in water. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Hydrangea, ten to twenty drops every three to six hours, 
in water. Opiates, to relieve pain. Morphine, in one-eighth to one- 
fourth-grain doses every two or three hours until relieved. 

Cancer, — Carbolic Acid, pure, to be used before applying caus- 
tics. Carbonic Acid Gas, to be injected into the vagina in cancer 
of the uterus, to relieve pain. Chian Turpentine, ten to twenty 
grains every two hours. Glycerine and Carbolic Acid, solution to 
be applied to the foeted cancer of the uterus. Glycerite of Tan- 
nin, with the addition of Carbolic Acid, used by injection, checks 
the discharge and foeter of uterine cancer. Warm Enemata, to 
relieve pain and straining, in cancer of the intestine. A Solution 
of Chloride of Zinc, injected into the cancer, or (F. 64). 

Cancrwtn — Labialis — lips — and Oris — mouth. — Arsenic, one-six- 
tieth to one twentieth of a grain every three to six hours. Nitric 
Acid, to be applied to the sore surface. 

Canftery Taste,— Mercury, Blue Mass, five grains every six 
hours until it operates. Podopkyllin, one-twelfth to one-fourth 
of a grain. Water, take a half gobletful of pure cold water one 
hour before breakfast. 

Carbuncle, — Belladonna Ointment, locally applied to allay pain. 
Carbolic Acid, absorbent cotton saturated with the following solu- 
tion: Carbolic acid, gii; glycerine, ^vi; apply to the wound 
and cover with carbolated lint. Tincture of Iodine, applied around 
the carbuncle to reduce inflammation, and inject into the cavity ; 
Carbolic Acid and Sweet Oil, in equal parts, may also be injected. 
Poultices, are also very beneficial. Apply equal parts of Bella- 
donna and Iodine Ointment before putting on the poultice. Strap- 
ping, with adhesive plaster, beneficial sometimes, by arresting its 
extension. 

Catarrh, — Tnctureof Cimicifuga, ten drops every two hours if the 
patient has headache, or a dull aching pain in the bones, or stiff- 
ness of muscles. Tartar Emetic, one-sixteenth of a grain every 
three hours. Ipecacuanha, one-sixth of a grain every two hours. 
Turkish Baths are said to be useful in chronic catarrh. Warm 
Eoot-baths, before retiring, are beneficial. 



408 THERAPEUTICS. 

Chancres, — Caustic Soda and Potash, to cauterize the hard 
edges. Iodoform, dusted ever the soft chancres, or use an oint- 
ment of Iodoform. Nitric Acid, to cauterize soft chancres. Perox- 
ide of Hydrogen, to be used as a wash three times a day ; ap- 
ply absorbent cotton saturated in it — said to destroy its specific 
character. 

Change of Life, — Tincture of Oimicifuga, ten to forty drops ev- 
ery two hours, for headache. Bromide of Potassium, for melancholy 
and sleeplessness, often attended with flushings and perspiration, 
ten to thirty grains every two hours. Tincture of Iron, fifteen drops 
in water, after meals. Nitrate of Amyl Pearls. Warm Baths, once 
or twice a week. 

Chaps* — Cold Cream or Cosmoline, applied to the chaps, are very 
beneficial. Glycerine and Starch, may also be used. 

Chesty Pains in, — Belladonna Plaster, when there is tenderness. 
Iodine Ointment, may be used when pains are severe. 

Chilblains. — Balsam Peru and Beeswax, make good applica- 
tions, if very sore. Iodine Ointment, is very good. Turpentine and 
Camphor, if the surface is not broken. 

Chlorosis*— Hypophosphites of Lime or Soda, five grains after 
meals, in water. Tincture of Iron, ten drops in water, after meals. 
Dialyzed Iron, twenty to thirty drops after meals, in water. 

Cholera and Choleric Diarrhoea. — Arsenic, one-twen- 
tieth to one-tenth of a grain every three hours, for vomiting. 
Tincture of Camphor, two to six drops every five to ten minutes un- 
til relieved, then every one or two hours. Acetate of Lead, one- 
eighth grain every fifteen minutes, is sometimes used in the early 
stage. Morphia, hypodermically, one-eighth to one-fourth grain 
is very good. Spinal Ice-bag, for cramps. Tincture of Aconite, one 
drop every hour. Camphor, one half to one grain, every half- 
hour or hour. Bromide of Potassium, ten grains every hour. 
Tincture of Cantharides, one drop after meals in water. 

Chorea* — Tincture of Oimicifuga, ten to forty drops every three 
hours. Arsenic, the one-fortieth to the one-twentieth of a grain 
every three hours. Chloral, (F. 19) when restless. Cod-liver Oil f 
one tablespoonful three times a day, or Tincture of Iron, ten drops 
in water after meals. Spinal Ice-bags may be used with benefit. 

Colic* — Alum, ten grains every hour, frequently used in lead 
colic. Chloroform Spirits, ten to twenty drops, in water, every 
hour. Lime-water, for young children, if the milk is soured in 
the stomach, and forms into lumps, and these passing through 



THERAPEUTICS. 409* 

the intestine causes pain. Fomentations, all kinds. Fennelseed 
Tea, for young children. Warm Baths, are also good. (F. 1.) 

Coma. — Cream of Tartar, in teaspoonful doses, as a purgative, if 
blood is poisoned. Mustard Plaster, or Blisters, are very useful. 
Cold Douche, for stupor or drunkenness, or opium poisoning, 
which should be kept up for a long time if pulse and breathing 
improve. 

Conjunctivitis of the Eyes, — Sulphate of Atropia, one 
grain to an ounce of distilled water ; drop a few drops in the 
eye every six hours. Blisters, behind the ear. Castor Oil, often 
allays pain if dropped in the eye. Sulphate of Zinc, one grain ; 
Morphine, two grains ; Water, one ounce ; drop in the eye every 
six hours. 

Constipation. — Fluid Extract of Cascara, fifteen to sixty drops 
every six hours. Fluid Extract of Podophyllum, five to ten drops 
every three hours. Extract ofNux Vomica, one-fourth grain after 
meals. Rhubarb, five to twenty grains. 

Convulsions, — Bromide of Potassium, in all forms of convulsions,, 
five to thirty grains every two hours. Chloral, for children, one 
to three grains, by mouth or rectum. Spinal Ice-Bags, may 
also be used, and ice to the head. 

Coryza — Hay Fever. — Tincture of Aconite, two to five drops : 
every hour, in severe colds, with a quick pulse and hot, dry skin. 
Chlorate of Potassium Lozenges, two grains each, one every two- 
hours. Turkish Baths, in coryza. 

Cough. — Alum, one to ten grains every two hours, for spasmodic 
cough. Cod-Liver Oil, if the cough is of long standing. Wine 
of Ipecac, five to twenty drops every two hours, for acute cases. 
Paregoric, half teaspoonful every three hours. Tar, in winter 
cough, and especially if it comes on in paroxysms. (F. 4.) Mu- 
riate of Ammonia, five to ten grains, to check excessive expecto- 
ration, every three hours. 

Croup, — Alum, powdered, a teaspoonful in honey or syrup every 
ten minutes until vomiting ensues. Tincture of Lobelia, one tea- 
spoonful every ten minutes. Syrup of Squills, one teaspoonful 
every ten minutes, or Senega Syrup, a teaspoonful every ten min- 
utes until vomiting occurs. 

Cystitis. — Fluid Extract of Buchu, ten to forty drops every two 
hours. Bicarbonate of Potassium, five grains every two hours, to 
render the urine alkaline, or the Citrate may be used in same 
doses. Tincture oj Cantharides, one drop three times a day, in wa- 



410 THERAPEUTICS. 

ter. Tincture of Opium, ten drops, in starch water, which, if used 
by injection, will subdue pain and frequent urinating. 

Dandruff. — Borax, use a saturated solution thereof several 
times a day, or use soap and borax as a shampoo. 

Deafness. — Glycerine, a few drops in the ear several times a day. 

Debility, — Cod-liver Oil, in chronic weakness, either young or 
old. Hypophosphites of Lime or Soda-, five grains three times a day. 
Dialyzed Iron, twenty to sixty drops three times a day. Quinia, 
one grain three times a day, or the Elixir of Calisaya Bark with 
Iron and Strychnia, one teaspoonful after meals. 

Delirium, — Bromide of Potassium, ten to thirty grains every one 
or two hours. Chloral, in violent fevers, five to twenty grains 
every three hours. Cold Douche. 

Delirium Tremens* — Bromide of Potassium, (F. 19), very 
useful. Ice, to the head. Fluid Extract of Valerian, one teaspoon- 
ful every hour till rest is secured. 

Despondency. — Bromide of Potassium, five grains every two 
hours. Phosphorus, the one-hundredth to the one-fiftieth of a 
grain every three to six hours. 

Diarrhwa. — Subnitrate of Bismuth, five to twenty grains every 
three hours, or one-half grain of Calomel for young children, 
every two hours. Castor Oil, in early stages. Injections of Starch- 
ivater, with from three to fifteen drops of Laudanum. Syrup of 
Rhubarb and Potash, for children, in half-teaspoonful doses every 
hour. Oxide of Zinc, one to three grains every two hours for chil- 
d ren. 

Diphtheria. — Ice, to be sucked at commencement and keep up 
till the disease subsides. Tincture of Iron, ten to twenty drops in 
water every hour, and apply to the throat with a brush. Chlor- 
ate of Potassium, use as a gargle, with Lactic Acid, each one drachm 
to a pint of water. 

Dropsy. — Cream of Tartar, in small doses several times a day. 
Jalap, in combination with Cream of Tartar, thirty grains every 
three hours. Tincture of Digitalis, three to ten drops after meals. 

Dysentery,— Fluid Extract of Hamamelis, when the discharges 
are bloody, ten to sixty minims every two or three hours. Acetate 
of Lead and Opium, in grain doses, every two or three hours, for 
purging. Opium Gum, one to two grains every two or three 
hours, for purging. 

Mar Diseases,— Counter irritation, as Blisters or Croton Oil be- 
behind the ears, often relieves earache. Laudanum and Sweet 



THERAPEUTICS. 411 

Oil, equal parts, dropped into the ear. Glycerine, dropped into 
the ear is very useful. 

Erysipelas, — Tincture of Aconite, one or two drops every hour 
when feverish. Collodion, painted over the surface. Iodine, ap- 
ply to the affected part to prevent spreading. Tincture of Iron, 
five to ten drops every two hours in water. Quinine, two to five 
grains every two hours, or with iron every six hours. 

Faintings, — Brandy or Wine, Avhen from fright, etc. Ammonia, 
held to the nostrils and inhale. Cold Water, sprinkled on the 
face. Put the patient's head horizontal with the body. 

Fevers, — Acid Drinks, such as Raspberry or Currant Syrup, or 
Vinegar. Tincture of Aconite, one, two or three drops every hour. 
Cold Affusions, applied to the forehead, often repeated, for head- 
ache. Cold Baths, if used at commencement, lower the pulse, 
prevent delirium, produce sleep, and often prevent bed-sores. 
Cold Sheet Packs, are sometimes very useful, to reduce the tempera- 
ture. Tincture of Digitalis, five to twenty drops every two hours, to 
reduce the pulse and temperature ; very useful in typhoid (it must 
be used carefully). Hot Affusions, over forehead, for headache, 
is often better than cold. Ice, sucked or swallowed in small 
pieces, allays pain and vomiting. Chloral Hydrate or Bromide 
of Potassium, each five to ten grains every two hours, for delir- 
ium or sleeplessness. Opium, one-fourth to one grain every hour 
or two, for delirium or pain. Phosphate of Calcium, ten to 
thirty grains three times a day, for hectic fevers. Quinine, two 
to five grains every two hours, is especially useful in typhoid. 
Salicylic Acid or Scdicylate of Soda, three to ten grains every two 
hours, very useful in rheumatic fevers. 

Flatulence, — Assafo?tida, one grain every two hours, in capsules, 
or use from a half to four ounces of the Milk of Assafcctida to 
half pint of Water; inject into the rectum and retain. Charcoal, 
ten to twenty grains before or after meals, for sour stomach, or 
(F. 1). Extract of Nux Vomica, one-fourth grain after meals, if 
due to constipation. Sulphurous Acid, if produced by fermenta- 
tion, three to ten drops every hour. 

Enlarged Glands. — Iodide of Potassium Ointment, for en- 
larged glands, mammae, or testicles. Belladonna, or the Iodine 
Ointment are very beneficial, if applied once a day, also Hop 
Fomentations. 

Gout. — Tincture of Aconite, two to five drops every hour, for 
gouty pains. Fly Blisters, are also very useful in chronic or 



412 THERAPEUTICS. 

sub- acute gout. Wine of Colchicum, twenty to sixty drops every 
three to six hours, to remove the pain. Iodide of Potassium, five 
to ten grains every six hours, is very useful for those who suffer 
during the night. Japanese Peppermint Oil, if used locally, will 
often relieve, if applied often. Turkish Baths, in acute or chronic 
gout, once or twice a week, often give relief. Verairia Ointment, 
may be used several times a day over the seat of pain. 

Hemorrhages of all Kinds,— Ammonio Ferric Alum, two 
to five grains every two hours, for internal hemorrhage. Fluid 
Extract of Etrgot, one-fourth to one teaspoonful every two hours. 
Fluid Extract of Hamamelis, one-fourth to one teaspoonful every 
one or two hours. Ice, should be used locally to wounds. Subsul- 
phate of Iron and the Tincture of Iron, applied locally, or give 
two drops every two hours. Tannic or Gallic Acid, in solutions, 
are used both for internal and external use. For internal use, 
take from two to five grains every hour. Quinine, in intermit- 
tent hemorrhage, from two to five grains every three hours. 

Headache* — Iodide of Potassium, for frontal headache, give two 
grains, dissolved in water. Bromide of Potassium, ten to thirty 
grains every one or two hours until relieved. Fluid Extract of 
Guarana, ten to sixty drops every one or two hours until re- 
lieved. Coca, one-half teaspoonful every half hour or hour. 

Herpes, — Collodion, painted over the part is very highly recom 
mended. Tincture of Iodine, or Ointment applied several times. 
Nitrate of Silver, in solution of ten grains to the ounce, to be 
painted on before or as soon as the vesicles form. 

Hoarseness* — Alum, ten grains to an ounce of water, to be used 
with the atomizer in chronic coughs and hoarseness. Borax, a 
small piece taken in the mouth and allowed to dissolve grad- 
ually. Nitrate of Potassium, two to ten grains every two hours. 

Hysteria. — Tincture of Aconite, one to three drops every hour 
for fluttering of the heart. Assafoztida, one to five grains in cap- 
sules every two hours. Bromide of Potassium, ten to thirty grains 
every hour to prevent paroxysms. Phosphorus, the one-hundredth 
to the one-fiftieth of a grain three times a day. Valerianate of 
Zinc, one to three grains every two hours. 

Impotency. — Tincture of Gantharides, two to five drops every 
three hours, taken with mucilage, or a teaspoonful of the Elixir 
of Iron, Quinia and Strychnia, every six hours. Strychnia, the one- 
sixtieth to the one-twentieth of a grain three times a day. 

Incontinence of Urine. — Tincture of Gantharides, one to three 



THERAPEUTICS. 413 

drops three or four times a day, in mucilage. Ohlora, one to 
three grains every three hours to children. Ergot, ten to ihirty 
minims is recommended. 

Itch* — Iodide of Potassium Ointment, applied three times a day. 
Sulphur Ointment, may also be used three times a day, or (F. 54.) 

Lactation, Excessive, — Alcohol, such as Beer or Ale, some- 
times useful. Tincture of Belladonna, internally, one to ten drops 
every three to six hours, or the Ointment, applied to the mamma?. 
Quinine, one to three grains every three hours is also beneficial. 

Laryngismus Stridulus— Croup— Bromide of Potassium, two 
to ten grains every two hours, especially when attended with 
convulsions. Cod-liver Oil. Cold Sponging, several times a day 
will prevent convulsions. Cold Water, dashed on the face, 
will often arrest the paroxysm. Lancing the Gums, if they are 
swollen, red and hot, is useful. Spinal Ice-bag, is sometimes ben- 
eficial. 

Ziice— Pedicula. — Essential Oils, such as Rosemary, Cajuput and 
Peppermint, will kill head lice. Staphisagria Ointment or Powder t 
will also destroy the body louse, or an Infusion of Larkspur will 
destroy both kinds. Oleate of 3Iercury, is one of the best remedies, 
but has to be used with great care. 

Lumbago. — Tincture of Cimicifuga, ten to forty drops every two 
hours. Ether Spray, apply locally, to deaden the pain. Gal- 
vanic Shocks, are also very highly recommended. A Hot Flat-iron 
passed over the parts, first covering the skin. Nitrate of Potas-^ 
sium, ten grains every one or two hours, when urine is scanty or 
light-colored. Turpentine, twenty drops every three to six hours. 

Lupus — A Wolf — A Malignant Ulcer. — Tincture of Iodine applied 
to the edges and around the afflicted parts. Nitrate of Silver, ten 
grains to an ounce of Watw, used locally, and gradually increas- 
ing its strength. Chloride or Nitrate of Zinc, weak solutions, ap- 
plied locally. 

Malaria, — Cinchonia, two to five grains every two hours. Cin- 
chonidia, two to five grains every two hours. Quinine, two to five 
grains, Arsenic and Strychnia, of each the one-fortieth to the one- 
twentieth of a grain every six hours. 

Mania, Acute. — Tincture of Cimicifuga, five to twenty drops 
every two hours during pregnancy or after confinement. Bro- 
mide of Potassium, five to twenty grains every two hours until 
quiet. Morphia, one-eighth to one-fourth grain hypodermically, 
to induce sleep. 



414 THERAPEUTICS. 

Measles, — Tincture of Aconite, one drop every hour. Carbonate 
of Ammonia, two to five grains with Syrup of Acacia, every two to 
four hours. Mustard Bath, for the sudden disappearance of the 
rash. 

Melancholy — Blues. — Bromide of Potassium, five to twenty grains 
every two hours. Morphia, one-eighth to one-fourth of a grain 
hypodermically. Musk, one to five grains every two hours, or 
Castoreum in the same doses. Bromide of Potassium, ten to thirty 
grains on going to bed. Tincture of Opium, one drop and two of 
Nux Vomica several times a day, for headache, with dyspepsia. 
Phosphorus, one-hundredth to one-fiftieth of a grain every six' 
hours, in depression from overwork. 

Micturation— Passing Water— Frequent. — Tincture of Canthar- 
ides, one to three drops every two hours, taken with mucilage. 
Opium, one grain every three hours. 

Micturation, Painful,— Alkalies, such as the Citrate or Bicar- 
bonate of Potassium, two to five grains every two hours, when 
caused by passing crystals of uric acid. Camphor, one to five 
grains every two hours. Tincture of Cantharides, one to five drops 
every six hours for frequent micturation with pain. 

Mouth, Diseases of, — Chlorate of Potassium, a saturated solu- 
tion for ulceration of the mouth or tongue, to be used several 
times a day, as a wash. Lime Water, in inflammation and ul- 
ceration of the mouth, is also useful. Nitrate of Silver, applied 
to the ulcers of the mouth. Sulphate of Copper, applied to the 
sores on the tongue. 

Muscles, Aching of, from Exertion, — Tincture of Cim- 
icifuga, ten to thirty drops very two hours, if very painful. Wet 
Sheet Pack, then rub thoroughly with a Turkish towel. Turkish 
Baths, are also very useful. 

Ncevus — Mothers' Mark. — Chloride, Iodide or Nitrate of Zinc, in 
weak solution, applied locally. 

N euralgia* — Aconite Liniment or Ointment, applied every three 
hours, if in the face, but care must be used riot to get any into 
the eyes. Belladonna Liniment or Ointment, applied every three 

■ hours. Bromide of Potassium, five to twenty grains every three 
hours. Capsicum Plaster. Chamomile Flowers, for hot fomenta- 
tions, or Hops. Chloral and Camphor, equal parts, rubbed together 
until in a liquid state; apply over the painful part with a brush 
every three hours. Tincture of Gelseminum, two to ten drops 
every two hours in neuralgia of the dental nerve, or the face. 
Japanese Oil of Peppermint, often applied over the painful part. 



THERAPEUTICS. 415 

Quinine, three to ten grains every two or three hours in periodi- 
cal neuralgia. Veratria, twenty grains to an ounce of Ointment 
for facial neuralgia, but for sciatica and other neuralgia in- 
crease the strength. 

Nodus— Exostosis— A Lump on a Bone. — Iodide of Potassium, two 
to ten grains internally every three to six hours, and the Oint- 
ment applied externally every three to six hours. 

Nose, Diseases of, — Glycerite of Tannin, to be applied with a 
camel's hair brush to the nostrils for soreness or eruptions, also 
for the discharge of greenish black mucus. (F. 8) applied with 
a brush or powder-blower every three hours, is good. 

Nutrition, Impaired. — Cod-liver Oil, very useful for chil- 
dren. Lime Water, in frequently repeated small doses. Tinc- 
ture of Iron, ten drops after meals, in water. 

Nymphomania* — Bromide of Potassium, ten to thirty grains 
every six hours. Camphor, one to five grains every six hours. 

Obesity. — Spinal lee-bag, along the spine. Alkalies, as the Bicar- 
bonate of Potassium, two to ten grains every two hours. Liquor 
Potassa, one to ten drops in water every two hours. Vinegar, a 
remedy which can not be too strongly condemned, as it reduces, 
only at the expense of the health. Fluid Extract of Fucus Vesi- 
culosa, a teaspoonful every three hours. 

Ophthalmia, — Alum, ten grains to an ounce of water and ap- 
plied with a brush frequently. Very useful in purulent oph- 
thalmia of children. Cod-liver Oil, to strumous persons. Sul- 
phate of Copper and Sulphate of Zinc each one grain, Water, one 
ounce ; drop in the eyes every three hours. 

Ozwna* — Alum, one drachm to the pint of Water, and use with 
a nasal douche. Carbolic Acid, as a weak solution, with the na- 
sal douche. Glycerite of Tannin, to be applied with a camel's 
hair brush up the nostrils. Red or White Precipitate, one grain 
to a drachm of Sugar; triturate thoroughly and use as a snuff 
in the non-syphilitic form, after clearing the nose. Nitrate of 
Mercury Ointment, one drachm to the ounce of Cosmoline, use with 
a brush, in the syphilitic form Tannic Acid, one drachm to 
eight ounces of Water, use with the nasal douche. 

Paronychia* — Mercurial Ointment, must be applied and al- 
lowed to remain for fifteen minutes, then remove and Poultice for 
an hour, and then repeat. Nitrate of Lead, in fine powder, dusted, 
on the sore night and morning. 



416 THERAPEUTICS. 

Peritonitis. — Opium, one to two grains every two hours, to 
quiet intestinal movements. Turpentine Stupes, followed by Poul- 
tices, as hot as can be borne, applied over the abdomen and renew 
frequently, and cover with cotton or oiled silk. Tincture of Ac- 
onite, one to three drops every hour, for fever. 

Perspiration.— Atropia, (F. 35) in sweating from phthisis 
and exhausting diseases. Quinia, in sweating from phthisis, 
three to ten grains every hour or two hours, or use the Bi-sul- 
phate of Quinia in solution. Spinal Ice-bag, is also beneficial in 
some cases. Sponging, w T ith Water as hot as can be borne, for 
sweating in phthisis. Sponging with Water containing a small 
amount of Muriatic, Sulphuric or Nitro? Muriatic Acid. Oxide of 
Zinc, two grains every night, to control profuse sweating. Aro- 
matic Sulphuric Acid, ten drops in water every six hours for night 
sweats. 

Piles* — Bromide of Potassium, in fine powder, one part, Glycerine 
four parts, mix thoroughly and apply locally to relieve pain. 
Cold injection of Water, in the morning before going to stool. Com- 
pound Licorice Powder, in teaspbonful doses, is a good laxative if 
troubled with piles. Gallic Acid, one drachm to an ounce of lard ; 
mix well and apply locally to the parts. Fluid Extract of Ham- 
amelis, ten to sixty drops every two hours, and use as an injection 
diluted with water. Useful in all kinds of piles. Sulphur, five 
to ten grains with a drachm of Confection of Senna, before break- 
fast, as a laxative. 

Pityriasis, — Borax, a saturated solution applied locally sev- 
eral times a day. Glycerite of Borax, in solution for pityriasis 
of the scalp. Citrine Ointment, together with Cosmoline, is very 
useful in pityriasis of the hairy parts of the face. Sulphurous 
Acid, four ounces added to a warm bath, together with Glycerine, 

Pleurisy* — Tincture of Aconite, four to five drops every hour when 
feverish. Blisters, either large or small, after the inflammation 
or fever has gone down. The sores, if any result, should be 
healed at once. Poultices, applied as hot as can be borne and 
renewed frequently. Mustard Plasters, applied are very useful. 
Tincture of Veratrum Viride, one or two drops every two hours. 
Opium, one grain every hour until relieved of the pain. Mor- 
phine, one-eighth to one-fourth grain and repeated every hour 
until relieved. 

Pleurodynia, — Tincture of Cimicifuga, ten to forty drops every 
two hours, when due to uterine disorders. Belladonna Liniment, 
applied every two hours, or apply a Belladonna Plaster, large 



THERAPEUTICS. 417 

enough to cover the painful part. Blistering, either use the Acetic 
Cantharidal Vesicant or a Fly Blister. Ether, used as a spray, is 
very useful to remove the pain. Opium Liniment, applied every 
two hours until relieved. Morphia, one-eighth to one-fourth 
grain, by hypodermic injection. Poultices, applied as hot as can 
be borne, and covered with oiled silk or oiled muslin. 

Pneumonia, — Tincture of Aconite, one or two drops every hour. 
Blisters, will sometimes lessen the pain, but care should be used. 
Morphia, one-eighth to one-fourth of a grain, by hypodermic 
injection, for severe pain. Poultices, as hot as can be borne and 
large enough to cover the entire breast in children. Quinine, two 
to five grains every two hours to reduce temperature. Tartar 
Emetic, one-twentieth to one-tenth of a grain every two hours, 
when skin is hot and dry. Mustard Plasteis, applied to the chest. 
Tincture of Veratrum Viride, one to five drops every two hours. 

Poisoning Generally, — Sulphate of Zinc, ten to sixty grains, 
dissolved in tepid water and repeated every fifteen minutes till 
free vomiting occurs. Ipecac, give ten to twenty grains, or Mus- 
tard and Warm Water frequently repeated. Olive Oil or Castor 
Oil, in large doses, for poisoning by Creasote or Carbolic Acid. 
Brandy and Whisky, in poisoning by Aconite, Digitalis, Lobelia, 
etc. 

Poisoning by Any of the Acids,— Alkalies, such as the 
Bicarbonates of Potash, or Soda, ten to twenty grains. Mag- 
nesia Calcined, a tablespoonful, in water, every half hour or hour. 
Milk, given in large quantities, or the white of an egg. 

Poisoning by Alcohol.— Ammonia Water, held to the nos- 
trils and inhaled. Cold douche, poured for some time on the 
head. Cold Water, dashed with some violence on the face. 

Poisoning by Alkalies, — Acids, diluted, any one may be 
used, or give Vinegar. 

Poisoning by Antimony,— Prepared Chalk, with Milk, or 
any demulcent drinks given at once. Magnesia, Oxide or Carbon- 
ate may also be given. Tannic Acid, may also be given, or give 
strong Tea or Coffee. 

Poisoning by Arsenic, — Hydrated Sesqui-Oxide of Iron, given 
in tablespoonful doses, or if not at hand give Dialyzed Iron, with 
some water. Lime-imter, in frequently repeated doses. Magnesia 
Carbonate and Oxide, in large doses may be given, with a little 
water. Charcoal, given in a tablespoonful of Milk. 

27 



418 THERAPEUTICS. 

Poisoning by Belladonna.— Magnesia, Carbonate or Oxide, 
in large doses with water. Very reliable if poisoned with any 
of the belladonna alkaloids. Ammonia Water, held to the nos- 
trils and inhaled. Charcoal, a tablespoonf ul frequently repeated. 
Physosligma has also been recommended in small doses. Morphia, 
one-fourth to one-half grain by hypodermic injection every hour. 

Poisoning by Chloral.— Coffee, strong, in large quantities. 
Galvanism, in shocks, is one of the best remedies. Friction, applied 
vigorously, and keep the patient awake if possible. Hot cloths 
applied to the spine, heart and extremities. Alcohol, in small 
doses, is very useful. 

Poisoning by Lead.—Bi-Carb. of Potassium or Magnesia, for 
poisoning by the soluble salts of lead. Iodide of Potassium, one to 
five grains, in chronic lead poisoning. Milk, beaten together 
with the Whites of Eggs, and given in large doses. Stomach Pump, 
the best remedy in acute poisoning by the lead salts. Sulphur 
Baths, in chronic lead poisoning, is one of the best remedies. 
Epsom Salts dissolved in water. 

Poisoning by Mercury. — White of Eggs, in any form of poi- 
soning by mercury, especially corrosive sublimate. Charcoal, in 
tablespoonf ul doses, frequently repeated. Sulphur Baths are also 
useful. 

Poisoning by Nitrate of Silver.— Salt in Solution, given 
in frequently repeated doses. 

Poisoning by Opium or Morphine, — Ammonia Water, 
held to the nostrils and inhaled. Atropia, hypodermically, one- 
eighth to one-half grain. Bromide of Potassium, five to twenty 
grains every hour. Strong Coffee, in large quantities, and keep 
patient awake by walking. Cold Water, allowed to run over the 
body or dashed into the face. Stomach Pump, the best remedy, 
and keep the patient moving until your physician is called in. 

Poisoning by Oxalic Acid,— Lime-water, given freely. 

Calcined Magnesia, in large doses, mixed with Water or Milk. 

Poisoning by Phosphorus. — Carbonate of Magnesia, in 
large doses, with Wafer. Turpentine, ten to sixty drops with 
Water, every hour. Mustard and Warm Water at once. 

Poisoning by Strychnia. — Atropia, hypodermically. one- 
twentieth to one-tenth of a grain every hour or two. Chloral, 
five to twenty grains every half hour or hour. Chloroform, by 
inhalation, in small quantities. Nitrate of Amyl, by inhalation, 






THERAPEUTICS. 41 9 

dropping five drops on a handkerchief, but it must be used with 
caution, as it is a powerful poison. Bromide of Potassium, in 
large doses as twenty to eighty grains, and repeated. Stomach 
Pump, use as quick as possible. 

Pruritus— An intense itching without any eruption. — Alum, 
saturated solution, applied locally, in pruritus of the vulva. 
Boracic Acid, one drachm to half pint of Hot Water, and apply 
locally. Cyanide of Potassium, half drachm to a pint of Water, 
and apply in urticaria, eczema and pruritus, when skin is un- 
broken. Mercurial Ointment or solutions of the Mercurial Salts 
used as washes. 

Psoriasis, — Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, five drops after meals, 
in Water. Tincture of Cantharides, one to five drops every three 
hours in mucilage. Sulphur, internally, also use the Sulphur Soap 
in washing the parts. Warm Baths in the acute stages. 

Puerperal Fever. — Bromide of Potassium, five to twenty 
grains, every two hours, for restlessness. Chloral, five to ten grains 
every two hours, for convulsions or mania. Morphia, one-eighth 
to one-fourth of a grain hypodermically, for convulsions. 

Rheumatism, — Steam Bath and Vinegar, relieves pain and 
checks perspiration. Aconite Liniment, applied locally every two 
hours. Tincture of Cimicifuga, ten to forty drops every two hours, 
in acute and chronic cases. Iodide of Potassium, two to three 
grains every three hours. Nitrate of Potassium, ten to twenty 
grains every two hours with Lemonade. Morphia, one-eighth to 
one-fourth of a grain, will relieve pain. Quinine, three to five 
grains every two hours, or (F. ^2). Salicylic Acid, ten grains 
every two hours. Salicylate of Soda, ten to twenty grains every two 
hours. Turkish Baths, in acute and chronic cases. 

Salivation, — Acids, such as Tannic in solution, and used as a 
gargle. Chlorate of Potash, saturated solution, and used as a gar- 
gle often. Borax, in solution, has often been used with success. 
Tincture of Iodine, thirty or forty drops in a glass of Water, and 
use as a gargle. Turpentine may be used by touching the ulcers 
with it, or use a gargle containing some Emulsion of Turpentine. 

Scarlet Fever. — Tincture of Aconite, one or two drops every 
hour, when feverish. Tincture of Belladonna, one to five drops 
every two hours, is said to be a preventive. Cold Affusions should 
be used at the beginning, if the skin is hot and dry. Cold, Wet 
Cloths, applied to the throat, and removed several times a day. 
Mustard Bath, to bring out the rash. Salicylate of Soda, one to 



420 THERAPEUTICS. 

five grains every two hours, to lessen fever. Sulphate of Magne- 
sia, and other purgatives, will often prevent sore throat. 

Sciatica* — Aconite Liniment, applied every two hours. Bella- 
donna Ointment is also highly spoken of. Tincture of Cimicifuga, 
ten to forty drops every two hours. Morphia, one-eighth to one- 
fOurth grain, is very useful. Sulphur Soap or Ointment may be 
used locally. Turpentine, given for a week, in teaspoonful 
doses on retiring, is also recommended. 

Scurvy, — Alcohol, diluted and used as a gargle. Lemon Juice, 
used as a lotion, is one of the very best remedies. (F. 20) applied 
dry is an excellent remedy. 

Sea SicJcness, — Nitrate of Amyl, five drops on a handkerchief 
and inhaled ; use with great care. Chloroform, give several drops 
in a little port wine. Ipecac, one-fourth grain in a glass of cold 
water, a teaspoonful every ten minutes. 

Sexual Desire, Excessive*— Camphor, give from fifty to 
sixty grains during the day. 

SicU Headache, — Elixir of Bromide of Potassium, a dessert- 
spoonful every one or two hours until relieved. Elixir of Guar- 
ana, a dessertspoonful every one or two hours or (F. 22). 

Sleeplessness,— Bromide of Potassium, ten to forty grains on 
going to bed, and repeat in a few hours if not resting. Beer, 
several glasses taken on going to bed. Warm bath or sponging 
is very good. 

Somnambulism, — Bromide of Potassium, one to five grains 
every two hours for children. 

Sores arid Ulcers, — Carbolic Acid, a weak solution, one part to 
thirty of water, and used several times a day. Caustic Soda or 
Potash, may also be used by touching the hard edges. Charcoal, 
very useful in sloughing, with fetid smell. Iodoform, may be 
dusted over the sores, or an ointment thereof used. Nitric Acid, 
used as a caustic to sloughing sores. Tannin, in solution, or 
mix with glycerine and applied. Yeast and charcoal, together 
very useful in all sloughing sores. 

Spermatorrhea, — Bladder, to be emptied before retiring. 
Bromide of Potassium, five to ten grains every two hours, the sus- 
pension of the testes in cold water, and always give the patient 
a hard mattress to sleep upon. Hypophosphiles of Lime and Soda, 
(F. 47.) Phosphorus, one-hundredth to one-fiftieth of a grain 






THERAPEUTICS. 421 

after each meal. Quit the practice, and never begin again. Strych- 
nia, one-sixtieth to one-thirtieth of a grain after meals. 

Spinal Irritation, — Aconite Liniment, may be used every two 
or three hours. Belladonna Ointment, is also very good and may 
be used every three hours.* 

Sprain. — Cold applications, are good ; warm are often the best for 
a sprain of the ankle. 

Suspended Animation at Birth,— The sprinkling of cold 
water in the child's face very good, or gently slapping the but- 
tocks. 

Syphilis, — God-Liver Oil, in tablespoonful doses after meals. 
Syrup Iodide of Iron, ten to thirty drops in water after meals. 
Especially good when patient is bloodless and debilitated. Cor- 
rosive Sublimate, one-twentieth to one-tenth of a grain every six 
hours. Iodide of Potassium, in secondary or tertiary syphilis- 
(F. 44.) 

Tape Worm. — Kameela, from sixty to one hundred and twenty 
grains, and repeat in three hours. Ethereal Oil of Male Ferny 
two to ten drops — according to age — in capsules, on an empty 
stomach. The best plan is to take a cathartic at night, fasting, 
and take the remedy in the morning, and fast until noon. Fluid 
Extract of Pumpkin Seed, is considered by many as a specific to 
remove tape worm. Give one to four teaspoonfuls every two or 
three hours, till four doses are taken, then give a cathartic of 
Castor Oil and Turpentine. Fluid Extract of Areca, one-half to 
three teaspoonfuls. 

Tinea CircinatUS— Ringworm. — Citrine Ointment, mixed with 
Cosmoline, very good. Tar, and Mercurial Ointments are also good. 

Vomiting, — Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, ten to thirty drops in 
a little cold water every fifteen minutes. Subnitrate of Bismuth, 
one to ten grains may be given. Calomel, a fourth to one grain 
every three hours. Carbolic Acid, in very small doses; one-fourth 
to one-half drop, or put ten drops in a glass of cold water, stir 
well and give a teaspoonful every ten minutes. Creasote, one-half 
to two drops every fifteen minutes, in water. Cinnamon or Pepper- 
mint Water, a teaspoonful every ten minutes. Ipecac, one-third 
of a grain in a glass of ice water, a teaspoonful every ten min- 
utes. Oxalate of Cerium, one-half to one grain every hour. Tinc- 
ture of Cardamom, one teaspoonful every half hour. Spirits Chlor- 
oform, ten to fifteen drops every half hour. 



422 



THERAPEUTICS, 



Warts, — Chromic Acid, applied once a day. Lunar Caustic, ap- 
ply once a day. Zinc Chloride, may also be used in the same way. 

Whooping Cough. — Quinine, from one-sixth to two grains 
every two hours. Bromide of Potassium, one to ten grains every 
two or three hours. Tincture of Lobelia, ten to twenty drops 
every one to three hours. Castor Oil. Cod-liver Oil. 







03 


T5 






A 


a> 








-<-» 






a 








• rH 


> 






^ 


2 






S3 


o« 






O 


O) 






+a 


.§ 






S 








o> 


*-M 






a 


.3 






CD 








o 










CD 


T3 


pi 


3 

<v 




CD 

C 

O 


o 


£ 


&o 


"a 


t-3 


o 




^2 


pq 


Pn 


o 


>> 


£ 

H 


03 


2 


11 

CD 


P. 


j=S 


&» 


Is 


SO 




f4 


o 

Oh 


cd 

c3 


"3 


&4 



DIETARY FOR SICK AND CONVALESCENT. 423 



DIETARY FOR THE SICK AND CONVALESCENT. 



BEEF TEA. 

A quick way to make beef tea ; take one pound of loin steak, 
chop fine and put into a quart tin cup, pour over it one pint of warm 
water and place in a pot of boiling water ; boil for one or two hours, 
and give from a teaspoonf ul to a teacupf ul according to the strength 
of the patient. Always get juicy, tender beef when possible, and 
never salt but very little. For young children, do not use any salt. 

BEEF ESSENCE. 
Take one pound of round steak or loin, free from fat, chop fine 
and put in an earthen jar, seal the lid down with paste and roast in 
the oven for four hours, strain through a sieve and give two or three 
teaspoonfuls every one to three hours. If the patient is very low> 
add as much boiling water as you have essence. Keep warm and 
well covered. The beef may be put in an ale bottle, well stop- 
pered and placed in a pot of cold water and boiled for four or five 
hours. Use but little salt, and if the patient is not too low, let 
him salt to his taste. 

A GOOD DRINK IN FEYER. 

Five ounces of raisins, three of prunes, two of currants, well 
washed, and one ounce of citron; boil together in four quarts of 
water, very slowly, to one quart, before removing from the stove, 
add half an ounce of lemon peel. When quite cool, strain to re- 
move the sediment ; add sugar to the taste. When cool, give as a 
drink to a patient with fever. 

WINE WHEY. 

To half a pint of boiling milk add a wineglassful of Catawba or 
Madeira wine. Let it cool. Separate the curd by straining 
through muslin. Sweeten the whey to taste and grate upon it a 
little nutmeg. 

MILK PUNCH. 

To a tumblerful of sweet milk, add half a wineglassful of French 
brandy, whisky or Jamaica rum. Sweeten and grate on it some 
nutmeg. 



424 DIETARY FOR SICK AND CONVALESCENT. 



TO MULL SOUR WINE. 

To every pint of sour wine use half a pint of water, one table- 
spoonful of allspice, and one teaspoonful of cloves. Boil for a few 
minutes, beat the yelks of two eggs with two spoonfuls of white 
sugar and a teaspoonful of cinnamon. Boil all together for five 
minutes. 

EGG-NOGG. 

Take the yelk of one egg to one pint of fresh sweet milk, beat 
them well together, then add gradually whilst beating, from three 
to six ounces of pure whisky. Sweeten to taste. From one tea- 
spoonful to one tablespoonful every one or two hours. 

EGG BRANDY. 

Beat four eggs to a foam in five ounces of water, add three ta- 
blespoonfuls of white sugar, pour in five ounces of brandy, stirring 
constantly. Give a small amount at a time. 

MUTTON BROTH. 

To one pound of lean mutton, use one quart of water. Boil two 
hours. When nearly done, add a few bread crusts, and a little 
salt. Be careful to skim off' the fat. 

ARROWROOT BLANC MANGE. 

To one teacupful of genuine arrowroot add a pint of new milk; 
first boil the milk with twelve sweet almonds, well mashed. Strain 
and sweeten with sugar; place the arrowroot in a saucepan, then 
pour the milk upon it boiling hot, stirring all the time; turn into 
a vessel to cool. 

MILK PORRIDGE. 

Take four tablespoonfuls of oat meal, stir in a quart of sweet 
milk till smooth ; have one quart of boiling water ready ; pour in 
the oat meal and milk, stirring very quick. Let it boil until 
thick. Sweeten with white sugar. 

BARLEY SOUP. 

Take a small shank soup bone and place in two quarts of water, 
boil two hours, add three ounces of pearl barley, one sliced potato, 
one tomato and one onion, if wished. Boil another hour, cool 
and strain. When wanted for use warm up. 

CHICKEN PANADA. 

Take a full-grown young chicken, boil in two quarts of water ; 
when tender enough remove the skin. When cool cut the breast 



DIETARY FOR SICK AND CONVALESCENT. 425 

into very small bits, place it in a wooden vessel, take a potato 
masher and mash it into a pulpy paste, at the same time adding a 
little of the broth in which it was cooked ; season with salt and 
boil until thick as gruel. Rice or barley well cooked may be 
added. This can be set by and used when desired. 

OATMEAL PUDDIXG. 

Take one pint of the best oatmeal, pour over it one quart of 
boiling milk, let it soak over night, put into a basin large enough 
to hold it, add two eggs well beaten and a pinch of salt ; cover 
tight with a cloth well floured, and boil an hour and a half. It 
may be eaten while hot with a little butter, or with cream and 
sugar, or sliced and toasted. 

IRISH MOSS. 

Irish moss one and a half ounces, soak for twenty minutes in 
cold water, wash out and wash in second water to remove bitter 
taste. Put in one pint of milk and boll for fifteen or twenty min- 
utes. Pour into a deep dish and let cool. Serve cold with milk 
or cream and sugar. 

FLOUR CAUDLE. 

Take two tabiespoonfuls of flour, sieve it smoothly into one-half 
pint of cold water. Mix well to prevent lumps. Place one quart of 
sweet milk in a stew-pan, over the fire ; when it boils, stir in quickly 
the flour preparation. Add sugar to suit the taste, and stir a few 
minutes longer. 

RICE WITH FRUIT. 

To one pint of sweet milk add two tabiespoonfuls of rice, well 
washed. Pare, core and quarter two tart apples, and add to it 
raisins; currants can be used if preferred. Let it simmer until 
the rice is soft. Be careful not to stir it or cook too fast. When 
done add one egg, well beaten, to bind it. Serve with cream and 
sugar. 



